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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The effect of oral cisapride premedication on fasting gastric volumes.

The aim of this study was to determine whether fasting gastric volumes could be reduced by preoperative administration of cisapride. One hundred and twenty-one patients undergoing elective general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either cisapride 20 mg plus diazepam 10 mg or placebo tablets plus diazepam 10 mg, two hours prior to induction. Immediately following induction blind gastric aspiration was performed using a 16Fr multiorificed orogastric tube. Gastric volume, pH, and cisapride blood concentration were measured at this time. Gastric volumes were significantly smaller in the cisapride group, 20.5 (SD 22.2) ml compared to placebo 28.2 (SD 26.0) ml but there was no significant difference with respect to pH. Some patients in both groups had large gastric volumes despite fasting. No significant adverse effects were noted with cisapride.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed2002

Peroral tramadol premedication increases postoperative nausea and delays home-readiness in day-case knee arthroscopy patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To evaluate the effect of preoperative oral tramadol on postoperative pain and its effect on the patient's home-readiness after diagnostic day-case knee arthroscopy performed under spinal anaesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 156 outpatients in a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion to examine the postoperative analgesic effect of preoperative oral slow-release tramadol. Postoperative pain was measured using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and the patients home-readiness were assessed. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the postoperative VAS scores between the tramadol and placebo groups, nor was there any significant difference in the need for postoperative pain medication. Patients in the tramadol group had higher incidence of PONV and they were discharged from hospital later than those given placebo although the tramadol patients required less intravenous midazolam for sedation. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperatively given slow-release tramadol is ineffective for reduction of postoperative pain after day-case arthroscopy of the knee. Additionally, preoperative tramadol is associated with higher incidence of PONV and it seems to cause delay in the patient's home-readiness.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Premedication with oral midazolam for voiding cystourethrography in children: safety and efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: Midazolam is a relatively short-acting water-soluble benzodiazepine that provides anxiolysis and anterograde amnesia and can be given orally with few adverse effects. We evaluated the benefit and safety of oral midazolam for sedation of young children during voiding cystourethrography or nuclear cystography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: For 3.5 years, a highly selected group of 98 children, ages 23 months to 9 years (mean, 4 years), were given oral midazolam 0.6 mg/kg 20-30 min before cystourethrography or nuclear cystography. These children either had been frightened by a previous catheterization (39%) or seemed particularly frightened during an examination of their genitals in the office (61%). A control group of 25 children, similar in age to the study group, did not receive midazolam before cystourethrography. Parents were interviewed to assess their child's recollection of the procedure. Voiding dynamics were assessed by evaluating the postvoiding radiograph. RESULTS: Of the midazolam-treated patients, 60% had no recollection of the study, and 31% remembered part or all of the study but did not have a negative experience. No significant change in vital signs or oxygen saturation was observed in any child. In the control group, 24 (96%) of 25 children remembered the cystographic examination (p < .01). Behavioral side effects occurred in 12% of the children receiving midazolam and consisted primarily of combative behavior as the medication was wearing off. Ninety-five percent of the parents indicated that they would want their child to have midazolam again if the cystography needed to be repeated. Of the children receiving midazolam, 76% had little or no residual urine after voiding, compared with 72% of the control group (no significant difference). CONCLUSION: In children who have been or are likely to be excessively frightened during cystourethrography or nuclear cystography, midazolam usually provides satisfactory amnesia and anxiolysis with few side effects or adverse impact on voiding dynamics.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Perceived problem-solving and vocational identity: implication for nontraditional premedical students.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vocational identity and self-appraised problem solving. A total of 86 students enrolled in a special program took the Vocational Identity subscale of My Vocational Situation and the Problem Solving Inventory one week apart. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated a relationship between personal problem-solving appraisal and vocational identity, suggesting the inventories assess one construct. Implications for intervention strategies for the present population are discussed.

Adult↗