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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

An examination of ecological risk assessment and management practices.

Ecological risk assessment has grown and evolved since the 1980s, as have new challenges (e.g. global climate change, loss of habitat and biodiversity and the effects of multiple anthropogenic chemicals on ecological systems) that need to be factored into the risk assessment processes. There is also an on-going shift from evaluating adverse health impacts on particular, often small scale, environments to undertaking more complex ecological assessments of whole populations and communities across ecologically meaningful landscapes. These trends are generating an increased demand for much more complex ecological assessments, making it increasingly clear that to achieve its potential as a management tool, methods must be developed to apply ecological risk assessment to larger and more complex scales. This paper reviews the development of the ecological risk assessment paradigm in the United States, identifies ways it is being applied and adapted in other countries, explores future research needs and practice improvements, and examines current issues that need to be considered in taking forward the scientific development of ecological risk assessment as a useful environmental management tool.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurses' perceptions of their pain assessment skills, pain management practices, and attitudes toward pain.

Nursing pain assessments are influenced by the length of available tools, patient characteristics, patient pathology, concern about addictive behavior, and characteristics of the nurse. The relationship among these variables was explored in a sample of community hospital nurses (N = 59) and ONS members (N = 19). Although a number of interesting similarities were found in the two groups, age, professional and continuing education, and care setting appear to be related to differences in pain assessment practices. Implications for practice, research, and education include teaching nurses to: assess factors related to quality of life in the pain experience, assess and validate data from families, assess coping skills, and teach patients to use behavioral pain management strategies. The findings also suggest that further study is needed concerning the relationship between personal beliefs and experiences and the assessment and management of pain. Membership in professional organizations appears to be associated with comprehensive approaches to the assessment and management of cancer pain and should be addressed in further research.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality assurance, practical management, and outcomes of point-of-care testing: laboratory perspectives, Part I.

Pathologists and nurses have only recently cooperated in point-of-care testing (POCT), after accreditation organizations recommended that the laboratories take responsibility for managing the quality of patient-care testing conducted at the bedside. Laboratories are charged with ensuring that patient-care tests generate comparable results, regardless of the location or method. Many home testing devices, when used in hospitals, physicians' office laboratories, and mobile nursing practices, have presented technical and operational issues that were not foreseen from home use. These problems arise from a number of factors: the way the devices are used, the patient population, and even differences in sample type. Thus, to be successful, management of POCT in the health-care environment requires interdisciplinary cooperation of clinical nursing staff and laboratory staff. The article identifies problems in POCT, describes some solutions, and examines how well these solutions have worked from a laboratory perspective.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of denitrification gaseous end-products in the soil profile under two water table management practices using repeated measures analysis.

The denitrification process and nitrous oxide (N2O) production in the soil profile are poorly documented because most research into denitrification has concentrated on the upper soil layer (0-0.15 m). This study, undertaken during the 1999 and 2000 growing seasons, was designed to examine the effects of water table management (WTM), nitrogen (N) application rate, and depth (0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 m) on soil denitrification end-products (N2O and N2) from a corn (Zea mays L.) field. Water table management treatments were free drainage (FD) with open drains and subirrigation (SI) with a target water table depth of 0.6 m. Fertility treatments (ammonium nitrate) were 120 kg N ha(-1) (N120) and 200 kg N ha(-1) (N200). During both growing seasons greater denitrification rates were measured in SI than in FD, particularly in the surface soil (0-0.15 m) and at the intermediate (0.15-0.30 m) soil depths under N200 treatment. Greater denitrification rates under the SI treatment, however, were not accompanied with greater N2O production. The decrease in N2O production under SI was probably caused by a more complete reduction of N2O to N2, which resulted in lower N2O to (N2O + N2) ratios. Denitrification rate, N2O production and N2O to (N2O + N2) ratios were only minimally affected by N treatments, irrespective of sampling date and soil depth. Overall, half of the denitrification occurred at the 0.15- to 0.30- and 0.30- to 0.45-m soil layers, and under SI, regardless of fertility treatment level. Consequently, sampling of the 0- to 0.15-m soil layer alone may not give an accurate estimation of denitrification losses under SI practice.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2003

Management practices of Australian surgeons in the treatment of venous ulcers.

INTRODUCTION: Venous ulcers will affect 2% of the general population during the course of their lives causing significant morbidity. The aim of the present paper was to review assessment and treatment regimes used by surgeons throughout Australia and compare these with published guidelines. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was sent to all general and vascular surgeons in Australia. Questions detailing practice demographics, initial treatment, investigation and surgical intervention were asked. Responses were analysed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A response rate of 36% was obtained from 1390 surgeons. This included 30% of the general surgeons and 67% of the vascular surgeons surveyed. Three hundred and seventy-one of these surgeons managed patients with venous ulcers. Vascular surgeons recorded ankle-brachial pressures (88%vs 55%; P < 0.0001) more frequently and used compression therapy more often than general surgeons (99%vs 61%; P < 0.0001). Superficial vein ablation was performed by 95% in the presence of superficial vein reflux and a normal deep system, 46% also performed this procedure in the setting of an incompetent deep system. Antibiotics were prescribed by 15% of surgeons with no evidence of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Initially venous ulcers are well managed in Australia; however, antibiotics are overprescribed in their treatment. The current rate of compression therapy use is low for some groups of surgeons and should be improved. The failure to use compression in all cases of venous ulcers and the overprescription of antibiotics in the absence of cellulitis suggests that significant improvements can be made in the management of venous ulcers in Australia.

Australia↗
PubMed1993

Choroid plexus cysts: significance and current management practices.

Choroid plexus cysts are commonly found in normal fetuses in the second trimester, but the presence of cysts is an indication for a targeted ultrasound scan for signs associated with aneuploidy. In this review the authors explain the histological basis for choroid plexus cyst formation, the association with aneuploidy, and the management controversies that continues to be debated in the literature.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2006

[What are management practices for speech therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?].

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis involves deterioration of speech and swallowing. The objectives of rehabilitation are to maintain a comprehensible speech, using exercises on airflow-phonic coordination and breath, lingual and labial movements. Rehabilitation exercises also focus on the different times of swallowing to improve management of the food bolus in the mouth, to learn facilitating techniques and to adopt postures favoring passage of the food bolus. No studies have addressed the question of the effectiveness of rehabilitation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in term of quality of life, maintenance of comprehensible speech or reduction of respiratory risks. Rehabilitation programs are established on an individual basis according to the clinical presentation and course.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1989

Practice management for ovulation induction.

The use of Pergonal at a fixed dosage was evaluated in 200 women. The primary monitoring mode was vaginal ultrasonography. The overall pregnancy rate was 59% (118/200). The rates of multiple birth, hyperstimulation, spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy were evaluated, also. The use of this regimen in private practice appears to be safe and effective.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1996

Management practices to minimise infectious and parasitic diseases of farmed and ranched cervids and bison.

The game farming and ranching industries have evolved in the late 20th century from earlier domestication efforts in many parts of the world. Preventing transmissions of infectious diseases to, between and from farmed and ranched cervids and bison involves management components similar to those used for other species of domestic livestock. Fencing, handling systems, individual identification, knowledge of the biology of the species and potential pathogens, disease testing, quarantine and vaccination all serve to control the possible negative effects of disease on the commercial success of an operation.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied poultry litter under conservation tillage management practices.

Land application of poultry litter can provide essential plant nutrients for crop production, but ammonia (NH(3)) volatilization from the litter can be detrimental to the environment. A multiseason study was conducted to quantify NH(3) volatilization rates from surface-applied poultry litter under no-till and paraplowed conservation tillage managements. Litter was applied to supply 90 to 140 kg N ha(-1). Evaluation of NH(3) volatilization was determined using gas concentrations and the flux-gradient gas transport technique using the momentum balance transport coefficient. Ammonia fluxes ranged from 3.3 to 24% of the total N applied during the winter and summer, respectively. Ammonia volatilization was rapid immediately after litter application and stopped within 7 to 8 d. Precipitation of 17 mm essentially halted volatilization, probably by transporting litter N into the soil matrix. Application of poultry to conservation-tilled cropland immediately before rainfall events would reduce N losses to the atmosphere but could also increase NO(3) leaching and runoff to streams and rivers.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A descriptive survey of the different management practices for peripheral IV catheters among Greek, Jordanian, and Australian teaching hospitals.

Peripheral IV catheters (PIVCs) are commonly placed in hospital patients. However, there is a lack of evidence on which to base this practice. The aim of this study was to assess current knowledge and practice for this procedure in 3 different cultures. The study collected information from a postal questionnaire sent to physicians and nurses in teaching hospitals in Greece, Jordan, and Australia. The results gathered from the questionnaire depict a number of misconceptions with regard to the management of PIVCs in the 3 healthcare organizations selected for the study.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Pain management practices in children after surgery.

The purpose of this study was to describe the current practice of prescription and administration of pain medication postoperatively to infants and children in the National University Hospital in Iceland to determine whether these patients received therapeutic doses of pain medication. The results in this study support that pain management of infants and children is inadequate. In this retrospective chart review, 38% of the pain medication prescriptions were in therapeutic range. Forty-one percent were below, and 21% were above therapeutic range. Of the administered pain medication doses, 32% were in therapeutic range. Twenty-two percent were below, and 46% were above therapeutic range.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing a nursing management practice atlas: Part 1, Methodological approaches to ensure data consistency.

Challenges associated with the use of secondary data sources for benchmarking in nursing administration research are identified. A methodological approach for ensuring data consistency is presented in part one of this two-part series. Part two (September 2000) will provide an analysis of the nursing management data, based on a set of nursing and financial resource benchmarking variables identified by the senior nurse executives of these sites. Initial findings show evidence of data consistency across similar hospitals.

Abstracting and Indexing↗