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PubMed2005

Is political conservatism synonymous with authoritarianism?

The authors performed 2 studies that tested the distinction between conservative political ideology and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). Across these studies, moderate relationships emerged between RWA and our measures of cognitive rigidity, whereas the relationship between rigidity and mainstream conservative ideology was not as strong. The authors used partial-correlation and path analyses to assess the possibility that RWA mediates the relationship between (a) cognitive rigidity and (b) mainstream conservative attitudes and self-identified conservatism. The results indicated that conservatism is not synonymous with RWA. Additionally, RWA appeared to partially mediate the relationship between cognitive rigidity and mainstream conservatism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Beyond politics: authoritarianism and the pursuit of leisure.

Psychologists know a lot about the political and ideological correlates of people scoring high on authoritarianism. However, psychologists have less knowledge about such people's everyday pursuits. In the present study, the authors examined authoritarian interest in film, live events, music, and reading. A predictable pattern of correlates emerged. For example, authoritarians enjoyed activities in which physical conflict was prominent, whereas authoritarians tended not to like entertainment that offered introspection. In general, the present results were consistent across 2 samples (N = 120, N = 90). Although men and women had significantly different preferences on over 0.5 of the leisure pursuits (e.g., men enjoyed action films more than did women), there were no significant gender differences in the magnitudes of correlates with authoritarianism. In general, leisure interests appeared to be partly manifestations or expressions of authoritarian tendencies.

Authoritarianism↗
PubMed2006

A political economic history of medical and dental care in Nunavut, Canada.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the historical development of medical and dental care in the territory of Nunavut, Canada. STUDY DESIGN: Ethnographic case study using political economy as a mode of explanation. METHODS: Participant observations, document reviews and stakeholder interviews, conducted over a four-year period. RESULTS: There is a clear and now long-term movement from state and professionally controlled health care delivery to Indigenous control over care. CONCLUSIONS: Indigenous groups increasingly hold control over health care delivery through a complex form of management that straddles both public and private organisational spheres.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1990

Baccalaureate entry into practice: an example of political innovation and diffusion.

Activity within several states over the past two decades to require a baccalaureate nursing degree as the minimum educational preparation for licensure as a registered professional nurse is reviewed as an example of policy innovation and diffusion. Sufficient ratio of baccalaureate degree to associate degree programs and political party turnover in the governor's office have frequently accompanied private and public policy action on BS entry.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed2000

Statewide nursing articulation model design: politics or academics?

Designing statewide nursing articulation models is more about politics than it is about academics. Resolution of the articulation question lies in collaboration, establishment of trust, dialogue, and compromise that identifies a common ground tolerable for all stakeholders in the region or state. Achieving satisfactory articulation outcomes frequently involves negotiation of conflicts, assumptions, beliefs, goals, and sometimes program survival. This article reviews factors that influence the process of articulation model design, describes steps in the process, discusses issues essential for successful implementation, and briefly describes research evaluating the effectiveness of statewide or regional articulation models. The nursing profession continues to face many workforce issues and must engage in effective strategic planning to achieve an adequate workforce. One important strategy is to build a strong, flexible educational infrastructure that includes a quality, efficient statewide articulation that enhances educational mobility for nurses with diverse backgrounds and levels of preparation.

Education, Nursing, Graduate↗
PubMed1995

Nursing, narrativity and research: toward a poetics and politics of orality.

'Telling' our lives as they happen to us is an extremely pervasive activity in our social world. Through the stories which suture together the multiple ways we can make sense of a life as a nurse, is woven the fabric of a culture. Clinical nursing culture is, as yet, poorly understood and little theorised. By appropriating narrative as a research technology I suggest that we might be better placed to first articulate, and then critique, the complexity and diversity of clinical practice through a postmodern poetics and politics of orality.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Bioethics in a liberal society--political, not moral.

This paper argues for the importance of the political context of a society for bioethics. In particular, I argue that in a liberal constitutional society, such as the one we find ourselves in, no particular moral perspective is granted a privileged position. Rather, individuals are allowed to live their lives according to values they adopt for themselves, and the rights granted to protect this ability "trump" social consensus, and place boundaries on the social application of personal moral beliefs and values.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1999

Frances Elisabeth Crowell and the politics of nursing in Czechoslovakia after the first world war.

The firmly entrenched, negative attitude regarding the nurse in Czechoslovakia was a major deterrent to the development of nursing education in that country after the First World War. Social work was the culturally acceptable form of caring activity for educated women who perceived nursing as a hospital function performed by the religious orders and the less educated. Alice Masaryk, an innovative force in addressing social welfare problems after the war, reinforced this perception. Despite her early investigative experience in social welfare in American settlements before the war, Masaryk gave no indication that she was aware of the recent progress in the development of nursing in America. Her attitude fostered the indecisiveness of the ministers who lacked a clear understanding of nursing and who were reluctant to make any innovative changes that would modernize the profession. Furthermore, older physicians were content with the current nursing situation and did not share younger physicians' visions of a public health team that included well-educated nurses. Crowell had to negotiate within this political and cultural environment where the major figures struggled against proposed changes that may have seemed not only expensive, but also unsettling to their way of life. She recognized the necessity of respecting the Czech position and cooperating with them in attaining an amicable solution. Her educational and professional background, and the European cultural insights she had gained during her years in the U.S. supported her well in meeting this challenge.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1992

The NHS Patient's Charter: consumer, policy and partisan political functions.

The contents of The Patient's Charter, a recent initiative of Britain's Conservative government, with its origins in the broader Citizen's Charter policy, are summarised and discussed. The Charter details ten Rights which patients are to enjoy and introduces nine national standards relating to patient care practices and maximum waiting times for emergency services and outpatient clinics. The Charter also foreshadows future plans for national and local standards. New rights granted to patients include being given detailed information on local health services, including quality standards and waiting times, guaranteed admission for treatment within two years of going on a waiting list, and the right to a prompt written reply from the chief executive or general manager to any complaint about the NHS. The functions of the Patient's Charter are analysed in terms of their consumer, policy implementation and partisan political significance.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1994

A political economy perspective: why pharmacists may be reluctant to dispense generic medications.

As pressures mount for the government to intercede in the pricing structure of pharmaceutical products, some pharmacists remain reluctant to dispense generic counterparts for branded drugs. This paper attempts to explain this reticence by identifying the sources of conflict present in the pharmaceutical distribution channel. A political economy framework is applied to the pharmaceutical distribution channel to yield a basis for developing relationship management. This approach extends the pharmacist's substitution decision process from a traditional emphasis on product attributes to the complexity of the health care channel relationship itself. Relationship management offers several insights regarding how to reduce the conflict that inherently accompanies the generic substitution decision.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

The political correctness of a physician hospital organization may precipitate its demise in a community hospital.

Health maintenance organizations are placing an increased pressure on physicians and hospitals to assume the risk of providing health care services under capitated agreements. They believe that if the providers' profits are based upon their cost-efficient provision of medical services, they will control their use of medical resources and reduce health care spending. Managing the risks of a capitated contract necessitates the integration of the hospital's and the physician's incentives. However, is the most appropriate legal structure that will enable physicians and hospitals to form risk-sharing contracts with managed care entities and manage these contracts profitably a physician-hospital organization? It is estimated that over 50 percent of the physician-hospital organizations that are created each year fail within the first two years of their operation because of political and financial reasons. A multispecialty group composed of select physicians, who are willing to integrate their practices and who have a low length of stay in the hospital, may be in a better position to manage the risks imposed by capitated contracts.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1995

The politics of mean.

Since mid-1990, there have been many signs that politics--especially relationships between middle management and the troops--have changed from annoying but rarely lethal to Mean, as in ornery, ugly, and sometimes downright grisly. Part of this has to be recession-related, but part comes from top management's attention having been diverted to survival issues. The loser has been the individual contributor in the organization. In laying out the reasons for this distressing turn of events, the author provides clear-cut advice on how to overcome it.

Employment↗
PubMed1994

Social responsibility, politics, and fiscal viability: strategic issues in the development of a regional health care system for children in South Texas.

A case study of the proposed development of a regional children's health care system in South Texas is described. Strategic plans for the system are overviewed and the community response to plans are presented. The political, social responsibility and fiscal viability issues raised are reviewed and the research literature base relevant to the health care needs of a key (Hispanic) market is summarized.

Child↗
PubMed1997

The new look of office politics.

Is a sea change occurring in the organizational politics of health care institutions? How is information informally spread throughout the office? It used to be that gossip was the vehicle by which employees learned much about the organization's culture and news. But now, organizations are characterized by a growing faction of staff who are emotionally detached and have a "day-laborer" mentality. The grapevine is not as effective as it once was. Non-participation includes ignoring the grapevine both as listener and feeder. What implications does this have for your organization?

Communication↗
PubMed1976

Alcoholism as a political problem in Chile.

Chile has a very serious alcohol problem. 20% of the population over 15 years of age are problem drinkers, - 15% are excessive drinkers, and 5% are alcoholics. Excessive drinking, particularly inebriety, is considered to be the core of the alcohol problem. During Allende's government, there was an increasing concern for the national patterns of drinking. Workers began to become conscious that drinking seriously limited social and political participation. And patterns of alcohol abuse among men predict stimulated conservative attitudes in women. This paper discusses the concept of alcoholism as a disease, considering that alcohol addiction is a part of a wider problem, alcohol culture, which, in the context of the situation in Chile in 1972, had to be seen ideologically as opposed to the revolutionary process.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The politics of health care delivery.

This article is the first in a series of three which are designed to give managers an overview of the politics, planning, and regulation of health care delivery.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1980

Political pendulum swings as clocks chime in the decade.

It's only decades that inspire which are given the accolade of a memorable prefix; the naughty nineties, roaring twenties, swinging sixties. Perhaps in this respect the past decade never stood a chance. For, as Professor Brian Abel-Smith, a long time adviser to successive governments at the DHSS explains, the high hopes with which the seventies started were soon dashed. Looking further ahead through the next ten years he outlines the major difficulties which will beset us and asks whether we have the political will and economic ingenuity to face up to them.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1981

Politics of interprofessional collaboration: challenge to advocacy.

Both interprofessional collaboration and advocacy for clients are highly valued social work activities; yet, when pursued jointly, they pose political dilemmas. An exploration of these activities reveals the potential for ethical dissonance and highlights the need for clear guides to professional behavior.

Ethics, Professional↗