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PubMed1991

Acute and repeated exposure to social conflict in male golden hamsters: increases in plasma POMC-peptides and cortisol and decreases in plasma testosterone.

The purpose of the present study was to characterize the hormonal response of dominant and submissive male hamsters to acute and repeated exposure to social conflict. We found that submissive, but not dominant, males exhibited elevated plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) following one exposure to an agonistic encounter. After five exposures to a dominant opponent, submissive males showed smaller, but still significant, elevations in these plasma hormones. After nine exposures, submissive hamsters showed significant elevations only in plasma ACTH and beta-EP. Plasma testosterone was significantly suppressed in submissive males that fought nine times. We conclude that hamsters are a useful species with which to study the neuroendocrine correlates of social behavior.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Different effects of two progestins on plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL2) and postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity.

Two progestins with different androgenic activity were compared for their effects on plasma high density lipoproteins and postheparin plasma lipase activities in premenopausal women. Levonorgestrel, a nortestosterone-derived steroid with androgenic activity reduced plasma HDL cholesterol by 17% (P less than 0.05) and HDL2 cholesterol by 30% (P less than 0.05), without changing the HDL3 cholesterol concentration. At the same time the postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity was increased by 56% (P less than 0.01) whereas the lipoprotein lipase was not changed. None of these effects was reproduced during administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate, a progestin with low androgenic activity. The results suggest, first, that the decrease of HDL cholesterol observed during treatment with progestins is related to the androgenic activity of the steroid used, and, second, that the change in HDL (HDL2) is caused by androgen-induced increase of hepatic lipase activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Plasma lipoproteins, postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity intralipid half-life, triglyceride secretion rate and liver lipids in the mouse fed different cholesterol diets.

Mice (SC), fed a semipurified diet containing cholesterol, cholic acid and sucrose, exhibited, in comparison to control animals (S), an increase in cholesterol, phospholipid and protein of VLDL, LDL1 and LDL2, but triglyceride of the same lipoproteins decreased, as did total plasma triglycerides. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity of SC animals was 1.72 times that of S mice. At the same time Intralipid half-life in SC mice was decreased by 52%. Triglyceride secretion rate, after Triton WR 1339 treatment, and liver triglyceride content were reduced in SC animals. HDL mass was decreased in SC mice. Mice (AC) fed a standard diet containing cholesterol showed, in comparison to normal fed animals (A), an increase in cholesterol of VLDL, LDL1 and LDL2 but triglyceride of the same lipoproteins decreased as did total plasma triglycerides. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity of AC animals was unmodified as was Intralipid half-life. In AC animals triglyceride secretion rate, after Triton WR 1339 treatment, was reduced but in a less extent than in SC mice. Liver triglyceride was unmodified. HDL mass was decreased in AC mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The resistance to human plasma of Trypanosoma brucei, T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense: III. Clones of two plasma-resistant strains.

Tests for resistance to human plasma were made on six clones of a stabilate of Trypanosoma rhodesiense (LUMP 10) which was calculated to contain about 3,000 resistant trypanosomes per million. Two of the clones were not resistant and four were only subresistant. Tests were also made on 12 lines (clones) of a stabilate of polymorphic trypanosomes isolated from tsetse flies. One of them, ETAT 10, had infected a laboratory worker and was found to be fully resistant to human plasma; the other lines showed only low or moderate resistance. Resistance of a strain to human plasma often depends upon a small minority of resistant trypanosomes. Strains of polymorphic trypanosomes may be classified as fully resistant, moderately resistant, subresistant, or sensitive to human plasma, if they contain respectively, all, some (e.g. one per hundred), very few (e.g. one per million) or no individuals which are resistant.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Autoradiographic and immunoblotting analyses of the activation pathways of plasminogen by urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator in the plasma or clotted plasma.

The activation pathway of Glu-plasminogen (Glu-plg) was analyzed by using immunoblotting and autoradiography. Glu-plg was slowly activated to Glu-plasmin by urokinase (UK) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in the plasma. Significant amounts of a complex of alpha 2AP with plasmin were found. On the other hand, UK and t-PA rapidly activated Glu-plg in the clotted plasma. The major form of plasmin was Lys-form, and significant amounts of alpha 2M complexed with plasmin were found. A complex of alpha 2AP with plasmin was not so significantly formed in the clot, confirming ineffective inhibition of plasmin by alpha 2AP in the presence of fibrin. Glu-plg was directly activated by UK or t-PA to Glu-plasmin and further to Lys-plasmin in the plasma or clotted plasma.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1989

Stimulation of CFU-Mk colony growth by normal plasma and plasma from myelodysplastic patients.

The ability of plasma from myelodysplastic patients to support the clonal growth of normal megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-Mk) was compared with that of plasma from normal subjects. The resultant megakaryocyte colonies were expressed as a plasma factor index megakaryocyte (PFI-Mk). All cultures included PHA-LCM and medium conditioned by the human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637, and some of them had EPO. PFI-Mk (MDS) was significantly lower than PFI-Mk (normal), both with and without EPO. A positive correlation was found between megakaryocyte and platelet count in normal subjects, but was not present in MDS patients. There was no correlation between platelet count and PFI-Mk in neither group. In MDS there was a negative correlation between megakaryocyte number and PFI-Mk, both with and without EPO. Although, the mean megakaryocyte number in MDS and in normal bone marrow was similar, the proportion of immature megakaryocytes was much higher in MDS. Previous work indicates an abnormal clonal origin of megakaryocytes in MDS. The present study suggests that abnormal plasma factors affects megakaryocytopoiesis in this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Studies on factor XII in porcine plasma: purification and its conversion to activated form by porcine plasma kallikrein.

When porcine plasma was subjected to four steps of ion-exchange column chromatographies, factor XII (F. XII) was separated into two fractions, F. XII-1 and F.XII-2, and about 8.5 mg of F. XII-1 and 2.3 mg of F. XII-2 were obtained from 675 ml of the plasma. The purified proteins were found to give a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The molecular masses of F. XII-1 and XII-2 were estimated to be about 84 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and consisted of a single polypeptide chain. However, F. XII-1 converted to active form after removing Polybrene, but F. XII-2 was not activated. Activation of F. XII-2 took place on incubation with porcine plasma kallikrein, and the activation rate was increased only in the presence of negatively charged surfaces, such as sulfatide. When the preparation was incubated with sulfatide, spontaneous activation was not observed on the condition that we used. Activation of porcine F. XII-2 by porcine plasma kallikrein was found to involve the cleavage of the peptide bond on the disulfide-bridged polypeptide chain, and further fragmentation of activated form was observed during prolonged incubation time.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Effect of a single pentoxifylline administration on platelet sensitivity, plasma factor activity, plasma-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 in healthy volunteers.

In eight male healthy volunteers aged 25-38 years 300 mg pentoxifylline (Trental, Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/M., Germany) were administered intravenously by a short term infusion for 10 minutes. Blood was withdrawn before as well as 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the infusion. Throughout the entire investigation the volunteers were kept in an upright sitting position in a comfortable chair. Plasma levels of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TXB2), PGI2 release stimulating plasma factor (PF) activity and the platelet sensitivity to PGE and PGI respectively were evaluated at each interval. Plasma levels of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha exhibited a significant (p less than 0.001) increase in mean values after pentoxifylline administration, reaching the maximum at 60 minutes after infusion. Only a trend (p less than 0.05) was detectable for a decrease in plasma TXB2 values. The PF activity did not change throughout the follow-up period. The platelet sensitivity to PGI2, however, exhibited a significant (p less than 0.01) increase as did sensitivity to PGE1 (p less than 0.005). These results are in accordance with earlier data showing that pentoxifylline is able to increase PGI formation by various tissues. The findings suggest, that the beneficial effects reported for this compound in clinical use might in part be due to its positive effects in local hemostatic regulation.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1992

Seasonal temperature and its influence on plasma corticosterone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, plasma protein and packed cell volume in mature male chickens.

1. The relationship between seasonal changes in environmental temperature and hematological parameters was investigated in mature, single comb white leghorn (SCWL) male chickens. 2. Samples of blood plasma, obtained monthly from two groups of birds over two separate 12 month periods, were analysed for corticosterone (CT), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), plasma protein (PP), and packed cell volume (PCV). 3. Statistical analyses revealed that blood plasma concentrations of T3 were significantly correlated negatively with monthly dry-bulb temperatures. 4. There were no consistent or significant relationships between monthly dry-bulb temperature and CT, T4, PP or PCV over the two 12 month periods. 5. The results of this study indicate that blood plasma concentrations of T3 are influenced by season of year in mature, male domestic fowl.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Plasma B6 vitamer and plasma and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid concentrations of middle-aged obese black women.

Plasma B6 vitamer and plasma and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) concentrations of fifteen middle-aged obese black women were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Estimated protein and vitamin B6 intakes of the subjects, aged 27-52 years, were 64.5 +/- 15.6 g and 1.21 +/- 0.68 mg (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. Mean HPLC-derived plasma B6 vitamer and 4-PA concentrations for these subjects were 68.9, 3.1, 1.2, 4.1, 3.4, 7.2 and 2.0 nmol/l for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine 5'-phosphate, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine and 4-PA, respectively. The mean urinary 4-PA/creatinine ratio of the women was 0.88 mumol/mmol. All subjects had plasma PLP levels indicative of adequate vitamin B6 status. Vitamin B6 status parameters of the middle-aged obese black women were similar to those previously reported for white nonobese women having adequate vitamin B6 status.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Increased blood plasma hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid in type 2 diabetic patients: a role of plasma esterases.

Hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin), an antiplatelet drug commonly used in the prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction, seems to play a crucial role in its pharmacological action. Thirty-eight healthy volunteers and 38 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled to test the hypothesis that the enhanced plasma degradation and lowered bioavailability of ASA in diabetic patients is associated with the attenuation of platelet response. Aspirin esterase activities were tested at pH 7.4 and 5.5. A significantly higher overall aspirin esterase activity was noted at pH 7.4 in the diabetic patients (P<0.003), corresponding to faster ASA hydrolysis (P<0.006). This increased activity was attributable to butyrylcholinesterase and probably to albumin, because it was effectively inhibited by eserine and 4-bis-nitrophenyl phosphate (P<0.01). No significant differences between control and diabetic subjects were found at pH 5.5 in either enzymatic activities or ASA hydrolysis rates. The enhanced plasma ASA degradation in diabetic subjects was significantly associated with the refractoriness of blood platelets to ASA (P<0.05) and modulated by plasma cholesterol (P<0.01). No direct effects of plasma pH or albumin were observed. In conclusion, higher aspirin esterase activity contributes to the lowered response of diabetic platelets to ASA-mediated antiplatelet therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Red Star Ruby (Sunrise) and blond qualities of Jaffa grapefruits and their influence on plasma lipid levels and plasma antioxidant activity in rats fed with cholesterol-containing and cholesterol-free diets.

Bioactive compounds of peels and peeled red Star Ruby (Sunrise) and blond qualities of Jaffa grapefruits were analyzed and their antioxidant potential was assessed. The dietary fibers were determined according to Prosky et al., the total polyphenol content by Folin-Ciocalteu method and measured at 765 nm, minerals and trace elements by atomic absorption spectrometer, phenolic and ascorbic acids by HPLC and the antioxidant potential by two different antioxidant assays (DPPH and beta-carotene linoleate model system). It was found that the contents of most studied bioactive compounds in both qualities are comparable. Only the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were higher in red grapefruits, but not significant. The antioxidant potentials of red peeled grapefruits and their peels were significantly higher than of blond peeled grapefruits and their peels (P<0.05 in both cases). Diets supplemented with peeled red and blond qualities of Jaffa grapefruits and their peels have increased the plasma antioxidant capacity and improved plasma lipid levels, especially in rats fed with cholesterol added diet. In conclusion, both qualities of Jaffa grapefruits contain high quantities of bioactive compounds, but the antioxidant potential of red grapefruits is significantly higher. Diets supplemented with both qualities of Jaffa grapefruits improve the plasma lipid levels and increase the plasma antioxidant activity, especially in rats fed with cholesterol added diets. Jaffa grapefruits, especially their red Star Ruby quality, could be a valuable supplementation for diseases-preventing diets.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effects of transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on plasma levels of nitric oxide and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the effects of transdermal estrogen replacement therapy (TERT) on plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, involved 43 postmenopausal healthy women who had previously undergone hysterectomy. Women received either transdermal 100 microg 17beta-estradiol (Climara forte TTS) or placebo once a week for 3 months. Plasma levels of NO metabolites, estradiol (E2), total cholesterol (TC), triglicerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), HDL2 and HDL3 were measured in blood samples of all women which were collected before, after 24 h and after 3 months of therapy. RESULTS: We found significantly increased NO levels 24 h after therapy in TERT group. Moreover significantly higher NO levels were determined at 3rd month of therapy. Serum HDL and HDL2 levels of ERT group were significantly increased at 3rd month of therapy. Alteration of serum levels of HDL3, LDL and TC were not significantly different in groups. TG levels were significantly decreased in TERT group. DISCUSSION: NO-related mechanism may help to explain the cardio-protective effect of TERT in the postmenopausal period. TERT seems to have favorable effects on plasma lipids in surgical menopausal women.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2006

Serum adiponectin is related to plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not to plasma insulin-concentration in healthy children: the FLVS II study.

Although low levels of plasma adiponectin were associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk in adults, few data investigated that relationship in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma adiponectin and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy children. This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Fleurbaix and Laventie, 2 cities in the north of France. The main outcome measure was the correlations between plasma adiponectin and adiposity variables (the body mass index, the sum of 4 skinfolds, waist circumference [WC], and percent body fat [bioimpedance]), blood pressure, plasma glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and insulin. In 398 children of both sexes, adiponectin was not significantly related to age and pubertal stage. In boys only, adiponectin correlated with WC (r = -0.19; P = .008) and body mass index (r = -0.15; P = .04) but not with other adiposity variables. After taking into account WC, adiponectin was positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol in boys (r = 0.14; P = .05) and girls (r = 0.25; P = .0004), but was not correlated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance in both sexes. These results suggest that, in apparently healthy children, adiponectin is related to the level of HDL-cholesterol independently of fat mass. The relationship between adiponectin and insulin resistance previously reported in obese or diabetic children was not apparent in these subjects and may therefore occur only at later age with fat accumulation.

Adiponectin↗
PubMed2006

Effect of iloprost on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and plasma and platelet serotonin in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

BACKGROUND: Iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, is used in the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease at Leriche-Fontaine stages III-IV, through intravenous infusion for at least 21 days. Recently, iloprost has been shown to be safe and effective in critical limb ischemia patients when administered per 7 days. We investigated in patients at Leriche-Fontaine stages III-IV the effect of 1-week treatment with iloprost on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), plasma and platelet serotonin, and on clinical response. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-four critical limb ischemia patients (16 men and 8 women, mean age 76+/-9.7 years) were included in the study and treated with intravenous iloprost (titrated from 0.5 up to 1.5 ng/kg/min) for 16 h a day for seven consecutive days. Blood samples were drawn before infusion on days 1, 4 and 8 of treatment, under the same conditions. Clinical assessment was performed by clinical evaluation, ankle/brachial pressure index and treadmill exercise test. During treatment with iloprost patients clinically improved and plasma levels of ADMA significantly decreased (p<0.001). We also observed a significant increase of serotonin (p<0.01) in platelets and a significant decrease of serotonin (p<0.001) in plasma. Similar variations of ADMA and serotonin were found in two subgroups of patients, diabetics and non-diabetics. CONCLUSIONS: One-week treatment with iloprost in critical limb ischemia patients induced changes of peripheral markers of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, such as ADMA and serotonin, associated to a clinical improvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Identification of [hydroxyproline3]-bradykinin released from human plasma and plasma protein Cohn's fraction IV-4 by trypsin.

Aside from bradykinin (BK), a novel kinin, [Hydroxyproline3]-bradykinin ( [Hyp3]-BK), was isolated from the reaction mixture of human plasma and plasma protein Cohn's fraction IV-4 with trypsin. The liberated kinins were isolated based on procedures which we previously described for the isolation of [Hyp3]-lysyl-bradykinin ( [Hyp3]-Lys-BK) formed by kallikrein. The ratio of the amounts of two kinins thus formed from human plasma protein Cohn's fraction IV-4 were [Hyp3]-BK 25 +/- 4% and BK 75 +/- 4%, similarly to that of [Hyp3]-Lys-BK and Lys-BK, formed by kallikrein, but it varied by persons. The isolation of [Hyp3]-BK and [Hyp3]-Lys-BK suggests that a novel kininogen containing hydroxyproline in the third position of the bradykinin sequence in human plasma protein, possibly undergone post-translational modifications.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Plasma lipid and plasma lipoprotein concentrations in low birth weight infants given parenteral nutrition with twenty or ten percent lipid emulsion.

Because 10% and 20% intravenously administered lipid emulsions (intralipid preparations) differ in their phospholipid/triglyceride ratio (0.12 and 0.06, respectively), 28 low birth weight infants requiring parenteral nutrition for at least 1 week were selected at random to receive either emulsion to determine the effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Triglyceride intake was progressively increased to reach 2 gm/kg per day between days 4 and 7. During that period, all plasma lipids in samples taken 6 hours after infusion were higher in the 10% intralipid group. In comparison with day 0 values, triglyceride concentrations decreased (63 +/- 7 to 45 +/- 4 mg/dl; p less than 0.05) in the 20% group. Cholesterol levels increased in both groups, but the rise was more than twofold higher in the 10% group. Phospholipid increase was approximately 25% in the 20% group but more than 125% in patients receiving the 10% emulsion (p less than 0.005). The changes in plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels were almost entirely in low-density lipoproteins. After 7 days, eight infants from each group were given the alternate emulsion, which resulted in a reversal of lipid patterns in each patient. We conclude that the higher phospholipid intake in 10% than in 20% intralipid is associated with higher plasma triglyceride concentrations and leads to accumulation of cholesterol and phospholipids in low-density lipoproteins. Emulsions with lower phospholipid content may be preferable for low birth weight infants and perhaps other patient populations with impaired removal of parenteral fat emulsions.

Cholesterol, HDL↗
PubMed1999

Uptake and depletion of plasma 17alpha-methyltestosterone during induction of masculinization in muskellunge, Esox masquinongy: effect on plasma steroids and sex reversal.

Oral administration of 17alpha-methyltestosterone (MT) was used to induce masculinization of sexually undifferentiated muskellunge, Esox masquinongy. Three groups of muskellunge (mean weight, 2.5 +/- 0.6 g) were submitted to MT treatment (15 mg of MT/kg) for 60 days. An additional one group was used as a control (hormone-free diet). Food was distributed over a 10-h period by using automatic belt feeders. Blood was sampled in both control and treated fish at different intervals during and after feeding: before (0 h), at 3 h, 6 h, and cessation of feeding (10 h), and after a fast of 22 h (32 h). MT had no significant effect on growth and survival in muskellunge 6 months after the treatment. Concentrations of plasma MT increased during the feeding period and reached their maximum levels 6 or 10 h after starting feeding. This rapid increase of MT indicated a rapid absorption of this steroid. Plasma MT levels then declined and reached a radir by 22 h after cessation of feeding, suggesting that MT is rapidly metabolized and excreted. The profiles of plasma testosterone during the MT treatment did not differ significantly between control and MT-treated groups. During and after the MT treatment, the concentration of plasma testosterone did not differ significantly between control and MT-treated groups. Moreover, no sexual dimorphism of testosterone levels was observed. Six months after treatment, the sex ratio in MT-treated groups (33% males, 62% females, and 5% intersex) was opposite to control (70% and 30%, respectively) and differed significantly. This suggests that at 15 mg of MT/kg over 60 days, a paradoxical feminization took place.

Animals↗