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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Organ procurement organizations Internet enrollment for organ donation: abandoning informed consent.

BACKGROUND: Requirements for organ donation after cardiac or imminent death have been introduced to address the transplantable organs shortage in the United States. Organ procurement organizations (OPOs) increasingly use the Internet for organ donation consent. METHODS: An analysis of OPO Web sites available to the public for enrollment and consent for organ donation. The Web sites and consent forms were examined for the minimal information recommended by the United States Department of Health and Human Services for informed consent. Content scores were calculated as percentages of data elements in four information categories: donor knowledge, donor consent reinforcement, donation promotion, and informed consent. RESULTS: There were 60 Web sites for organ donation enrollment serving the 52 states. The median percent (10 percentile-90 percentile) content scores of the Web sites for donor knowledge, donor consent reinforcement, and donation promotion were 33% (20-47), 79% (57-86), and 75% (50-100), respectively. The informed consent score was 0% (0-33). The content scores for donor knowledge and informed consent were significantly lower than donor consent reinforcement and donation promotion for all Web sites (P < .05). The content scores for the four categories were similar among the 11 regions of the United Network for Organ Sharing. CONCLUSION: The Web sites and consent forms for public enrollment in organ donation do not fulfill the necessary requirements for informed consent. The Web sites predominantly provide positive reinforcement and promotional information rather than the transparent disclosure of organ donation process. Independent regulatory oversight is essential to ensure that Internet enrollment for organ donation complies with legal and ethical standards for informed consent.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1994

[Micro-wave local area network for radiological image transmission].

Shinshu University consists of five campuses in different locations, a situation that presents some problems in communication. To solve this problem, the Shinshu University Video and Data Network System (SUNS), which includes a high-speed audio-visual transfer function, has been developed and utilized for pre- and postgraduate education, administrative teleconferences, and local telephone (PBX) and Fax services. In 1988, a cooperative group for the study of radiographic image processing was organized, consisting of staff members of Shinshu University Hospital in Matsumoto, the Faculty of Engineering in Nagano (75 km from Matsumoto) and the Faculty of Textile Science and Technology in Ueda (45 km from Matsumoto). The system has been developed with a pair of personal computer (PC)-based interactive image workstations and high-speed digital telecommunication interfaces to the SUNS. A transmission time of 878 kbps has been attained, including the time needed for read/write onto the PC hard disk. Image data thus transferred from the hospital have been utilized for the study of image processing by researchers in the Faculty of Engineering, and the processed images have been sent back to the hospital for evaluation of clinical efficacy of the processing by diagnostic radiologists. This kind of microwave network is a promising alternative for high-speed data transmission for radiological images and their processing.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

Hierarchical Concept Formation in Associative Memory Composed of Neuro-window Elements.

In the present letter, the authors propose a model of hierarchical concept formation in auto-associative memory composed of neuro-window elements. When hierarchically correlated patterns are memorized, each center of the correlated memory patterns can be defined as a concept pattern which represents those similar patterns. It is shown that the concept patterns are formed under a Hebbian learning rule in the neural network where all the neuro-window elements are just mutually connected, and that the memory patterns and the concept patterns in each level of hierarchy can be retrieved selectively by adjusting the parameters of the neuro-window elements. Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Heteronuclear 3D NMR studies of water bound to an FK506 binding protein/immunosuppressant complex.

From a series of 15N-resolved 3D ROESY-HMQC and 13C-resolved 3D NOESY-HMQC spectra of the FK506 binding protein (FKBP)/ascomycin complex in H2O, the locations of three tightly bound water molecules were identified. These waters are all buried within the interior of the complex and form an integral part of its structure via a network of hydrogen bonds. Water molecules in identical locations exhibiting a similar hydrogen bonding pattern were also observed in the X-ray crystal structures of FKBP/FK506 [Van Duyne, G. D., Standaert, R. F., Karplus, P. A., Schreiber, S. L., & Clardy, J. (1991) Science 252, 839-842] and FKBP/rapamycin [Van Duyne, G. D., Standaert, R. F., Schreiber, S. L., & Clardy, J. (1991) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 7433-7434]. However, none of the surface waters observed in the X-ray structures were detected in the NMR experiments due to their fast exchange with bulk water. In order to examine the effects of the three internal water molecules on NMR structure determinations of the FKBP/ascomycin complex, two sets of NMR structures were calculated either with or without the waters. By including the three internal waters in the structure calculations, a decrease in the root mean square deviation and improved angular order parameters was observed for FKBP residues in the vicinity of the water molecules. In addition, subtle conformational differences were observed between NMR structures generated either with or without the waters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A computer-aided drug discovery system for chemistry teaching.

The Schools Malaria Project (http://emalaria.soton.ac.uk/) brings together school students with university researchers in the hunt for a new antimalaria drug. The design challenge being offered to students is to use a distributed drug search and selection system to design potential antimalaria drugs. The system is accessed via a Web interface. This e-science project displays the results of the trials in an accessible manner, giving students an opportunity for discussion and debate both with peers and with the university contacts. The project has been implemented by using distributed computing techniques, spreading computer load over a network of machines that cross institutional boundaries, forming a grid. This provides access to greater computing power and allows a much more complex and detailed formulation of the drug design problem to be tackled for research, teaching, and learning.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Laufberger's excitation theory].

The author gives an account of V. Laufberger's Excitation theory at the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birthday. This work was published as a monograph in 1947 and contains many data which foresee the further development of neuro-sciences and other scientific disciplines. From a certain aspect it is more cybernetic than Wiener's "Cybernetics" published one year later. It applies in a genial way the principle of logical elements made up of binary functional elements, backfeeds, parallel organization of neuron networks, and memories based on so-called spinning excitations. It is the first modern model of cerebral activity. It combines within one system the neuron and psychic level of organization of the brain.

Cybernetics↗
PubMed2006

The desmosome: cell science lessons from human diseases.

Human skin diseases have revealed fundamental mechanisms by which cytoskeletal proteins contribute to tissue architecture and function. In particular, the analysis of epidermal blistering disorders and the role of keratin gene mutations in these diseases has led to significant increases in our understanding of intermediate filament biology. The major cell-surface attachment site for intermediate filament networks is the desmosome, an adhesive intercellular junction prominent in the epidermis and the heart. During the past decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of a variety of epidermal autoimmune diseases, skin fragility syndromes, and disorders that involve a combination of heart and skin defects caused by perturbations in desmosome structure and function. These human diseases reveal key roles for desmosomes in maintaining tissue integrity, but also suggest functions for desmosomal components in signal transduction pathways and epidermal organization.

Cytoskeletal Proteins↗
PubMed2001

A European Master's Programme in Public Health Nutrition.

Effective population-based strategies require people trained and competent in the discipline of Public Health Nutrition. Since 1997, a European Master's Programme in Public Health Nutrition has been undergoing planning and implementation, by establishing initial quality assurance systems with the aid of funding from the European Commission (DG SANCO/F3). Partners from 17 European countries have been involved in the process. A European Network of Public Health Nutrition has been developed and accredited by the European Commission.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Internet and medicine].

The World Wide Web creates world-circling medical information bridges connecting all the world. Web sites maintained by universities and institutes are prime sources for hard scientific data about medical research. These sites are more and more informative and usually readable. For some commentators the Web is the greatest advance in information transfer since the invention of the printing press. Some people believe that electronic medical publishing will fundamentally change the way that science gets done. However, an explicit policy is needed for the medical sites on the Internet because of its enormous capacity to transmit information.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1994

Connecting the health sciences community to the Internet: the NLM/NSF grant program.

In 1992, as part of its high-performance computing and communications initiative, the National Library of Medicine decided to provide health sciences institutions with Internet connection grants similar to those offered to universities by the National Science Foundation. Although library involvement is not required, librarian and library uses have been the most common category in the applications received.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2005

Looking forward in geriatric anxiety and depression: implications of basic science for the future.

Major depression and anxiety are common psychiatric illnesses whose etiology remains incompletely understood. This review highlights progress in understanding the etiology of these illnesses through genetic strategies and looks forward to their impact on geriatric psychiatry. We briefly address three broad domains of progress, namely 1) genetic approaches to etiology, including linkage and association studies, pharmacogenetics ("personalized medicine"), and gene x environment interactions; 2) mechanisms of thyroid and testosterone action via nuclear receptors, given these hormones' status as possible augmenters of antidepressants; and 3) the role of the neuroimmune system as a contributor to the stress response. Genetic strategies offer one path for converting correlational findings into causal pathways while complementing studies of a gene's function at the molecular, cellular, network, and whole-organismal levels. Neuroendocrine supplementation (thyroid and testosterone) has a long history and tradition. A molecular understanding of nuclear receptor pathways and their coactivators, the mediator complex proteins, provides a rationale for improved targeting of hormonal action in a tissue-selective manner, yielding drugs with improved safety and efficacy. Neural-immune interactions in psychiatric illness remain tantalizing topics. Research suggests that cytokine pathways may contribute to the maintenance or susceptibility to stress, anxiety, and depressive disorders. The reciprocal and recursive interactions among basic science, drug discovery, and clinical science will continue to provide hopeful themes for improving the lives of patients with treatment-refractive psychiatric illness.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Vitreous fluid biomarkers.

Interactions between cells and the network of secreted proteins are associated with the ocular disease. In most cases, clinical appearcance is sufficiently diagnostic. However, in cases of nonspecific or atypical clinical presentation, diagnostic sampling of vitreous fluid can aid diagnosis and treatment for ocular disease. Progresses in the basic sciences, particularly molecular biology, and advances in surgical instrumentation have greatly enhanced the diagnostic armamentarium. These developments also have led to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in ocular diseases and have prompted evolution of new therapeutic modalities. In this chapter, we review techniques for vitreous fluid sampling and biomarker quantitation thereof. The molecular biology of bioactive vitreous fluid factors is also discussed with respect to their clinical involvement in the development of ocular disease.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2004

Visualization for constructing and sharing geo-scientific concepts.

Representations of scientific knowledge must reflect the dynamic nature of knowledge construction and the evolving networks of relations between scientific concepts. In this article, we describe initial work toward dynamic, visual methods and tools that support the construction, communication, revision, and application of scientific knowledge. Specifically, we focus on tools to capture and explore the concepts that underlie collaborative science activities, with examples drawn from the domain of human-environment interaction. These tools help individual researchers describe the process of knowledge construction while enabling teams of collaborators to synthesize common concepts. Our visualization approach links geographic visualization techniques with concept-mapping tools and allows the knowledge structures that result to be shared through a Web portal that helps scientists work collectively to advance their understanding. Our integration of geovisualization and knowledge representation methods emphasizes the process through which abstract concepts can be contextualized by the data, methods, people, and perspectives that produced them. This contextualization is a critical component of a knowledge structure, without which much of the meaning that guides the sharing of concepts is lost. By using the tools we describe here, human-environment scientists are given a visual means to build concepts from data (individually and collectively) and to connect these concepts to each other at appropriate levels of abstraction.

Environment↗
PubMed2005

Transplantation tolerance in pediatric recipients: lessons and challenges.

Clinical transplantation tolerance has remained an elusive goal in the 50 yr since it was first described in experimental animals. Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for allorecognition have allowed for the development of promising immunosuppressive strategies that may bring us closer to reproducible induction of tolerance; consideration of past successes and failures from both clinical and basic science is required to define future challenges facing this field. This article reviews mechanisms of self and transplantation tolerance, translation of basic science research to clinical protocols in animals and human beings, the changing role of immunosuppression, complications following tolerance induction and controversies surrounding the choice of patients for tolerance trials with a focus on issues relevant to pediatric patients. The role of the Immune Tolerance Network is discussed along with realistic goals for tolerance induction in human beings over the next decade.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From paper to electron: how an STM journal can survive the disruptive technology of the Internet.

The Internet represents a different type of technology for publishers of scientific, technical, and medical journals. It is not a technology that sustains current markets and creates new efficiencies but is, rather, a disruptive technology that could radically alter market forces, profit expectations, and business models. This paper is a translation and amplification of the research done in this area, applied to a large-circulation new science journal, Pediatrics. The findings suggest that the journal of the future will be electronic, have a less volatile cost structure, be supported more by services than by content, be less able to rely on subscription revenues, and abandon certain elements of current value networks. It also provides a possible framework for other publishers to use to evaluate their own journals relative to this disruptive technology.

Advertising↗
PubMed2026

From transcriptomic profiling to precision oncology: a bibliometric analysis of RNA sequencing in acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become an important tool for investigating the molecular heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the global development and thematic evolution of this field remain inadequately characterized. OBJECTIVE: To map the global landscape of AML RNA-seq research and identify major knowledge domains, emerging themes, and temporal changes in research priorities. METHODS: Publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus between January 1, 2007, and August 18, 2025, were retrieved. After database filtering, merging, and deduplication, 3,460 articles and reviews were included. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, the bibliometrix R package, and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze publication trends, collaboration networks, co-citation structures, keyword evolution, and citation bursts. RESULTS: Publication output increased steadily, accelerating after 2014. China contributed the largest number of publications (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;547, 15.8%), whereas the United States had the highest total citation count. Major publication outlets spanned hematology, oncology, genomics, and molecular biology. Co-citation analysis identified prominent themes involving next-generation sequencing, gene mutations, KMT2A rearrangements, epigenetic dysregulation, leukemia-initiating cells, drug resistance, biomarkers, T-cell biology, and single-cell sequencing. Earlier literature emphasized sequencing technologies, gene expression profiling, and molecular alterations, whereas recent publications show increasing representation of cellular heterogeneity, single-cell transcriptomics, drug resistance, biomarker applications, immune-related research, and computational interpretation. CONCLUSION: While molecular characterization remains foundational, AML RNA-seq research has broadened to encompass increasingly prominent cellular, functional, computational, and translational dimensions. This study provides a structured overview of the field; nevertheless, bibliometric prominence should not be interpreted as direct evidence of clinical utility.

RNA sequencing↗