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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Two types of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from feral birds in western Australia detected by monoclonal antibodies.

Thirteen viruses isolated from feral birds and one isolated from a domestic duck, obtained in 1979-1980 during a survey of birds in Western Australia, were shown to be Newcastle disease viruses of low virulence for chickens. The binding of mouse monoclonal antibodies, raised against NDV-Ulster 2C to MDBK cells infected with the isolates was assessed using an indirect immunoperoxidase test. Five viruses caused binding of all 9 monoclonal antibodies tested, whereas the other 9 isolates induced binding of only 4 monoclonal antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

A molecular epidemiological study of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Newcastle disease virus) isolates by phylogenetic analysis of a partial nucleotide sequence of the fusion protein gene.

A sequence 375 nucleotides in length, which included the region encoding the cleavage activation site and signal peptide of the fusion protein gene, was determined for 174 isolates of Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus type 1). These were compared with the sequences of 164 isolates published on GenBank, and the resulting alignment was analysed phylogenetically using maximum likelihood. The results are presented as unrooted phylogenetic trees. Briefly, the isolates divided into six broadly distinct groups (lineages 1 to 6). Lineages 3 and 4 were further subdivided into four sublineages (a to d) and lineage 5 into five lineages (a to e). Considerable genetic heterogeneity was detected within avian paramyxoviruses type 1, which appears to be influenced by host, time and geographical origin. It is concluded that by using this dataset it will be possible to type future virus isolates rapidly on the basis of their nucleotide sequence and make inferences about their origins.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Downregulation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-dependent IFN-alpha/beta production in macrophages by IFN-induced gene products of the locus If-1.

We have found that in cultured mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), endogenous IFN-beta specifically regulates Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induced interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta synthesis, possibly by influencing the activity of genes within the regulatory locus If-1. Comparison of anti-IFN-beta-treated BMDM from C57BL/6 mice and the congenic line B.6C-H28c carrying the high (h) or low (l) producer allele of If-1, respectively, revealed a much stronger response of the If-1l allele to exogenous IFN-alpha treatment. Twenty IU rIFN-alpha 4 were sufficient to induce nearly complete suppression of NDV-induced IFN-alpha and IFN-beta production in BMDM from B6.C-H28c mice, but had no effect on the IFN-alpha/beta response induced by Sendai virus, another member of the paramyxovirus group. Simultaneous treatment of BMDM with cycloheximide inhibited the suppressive effect of rIFN-alpha 4, indicating that IFN induced the expression of one or several new proteins encoded by gene(s) within the If-1l locus which are responsible for the NDV-specific downregulation of IFN-alpha/beta production. A time course analysis indicated that the suppressive activity of IFN-induced If-1l gene products took 12 h to develop. It was preceded by an opposite priming effect, leading to enhancement of the early IFN-alpha/beta response to NDV measured 5 h after infection. This priming effect in BMDM was, however, only visible during an 8-h period of IFN-alpha treatment, whereas in the continued presence of IFN for 12 h or longer, priming was superimposed by the inhibitory action of the If-1l gene products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alleles↗
PubMed2005

[Expression and immunization testing of fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus in leaf tissue of transgenic rice].

Transgenic plant is an attractive bioreactor to produce recombinant protein, such as safe and economic vaccine. In present study, a plant expression binary vector pUNDV, containing the 1.7 kb fusion protein gene of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV F) under the control of maize ubiquitin (Ubi) promoter and nos terminator was constructed, in which, the Hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene was used as the selectable marker. The expression cassette was introduced into a japonica rice variety by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and 6 independent transgenic rice lines were regenerated and verified by hygromycin resistance selection. The integration of target gene in transgenic plants was confirmed by PCR analysis. The results from ELISA and Western blot analyses revealed that NDV F could be expressed in the leaf of several transgenic plants. The total salt soluble proteins were extracted from leaf of transgenic plant F5, which contained the highest expressing level of NDV F protein, and used in immunization of BALB/c mice. The specific antibodies could be elicited in mice immunized with NDV F protein expressed in transgenic rice.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Differential detection of Newcastle disease virus strains by degenerate primers based RT-PCR.

Degenerate primers based RT-PCR (previously described by [Avian Dis 26 (1997) 837]) has been used for the detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease (ND) viruses. Two sets of primers (A+B and A+C), with common forward primer and distinct reverse degenerate primers, designed from fusion protein gene encoding for cleavage site, could differentiate virulent and avirulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDV). Both sets of primers amplified "F" gene sequence of virulent (velogenic and mesogenic) viruses, whereas in avirulent strains, amplification was only with primer set A+C. Total 10 NDV isolates and two clinical samples including both known and unknown pathotypes, were checked. Based on amplification results 5 viruses were found to be virulent type and 6 as avirulent with one of the two clinical samples, earlier positive by RT-PCR using non-degenerate "F" gene specific primers was found negative in this study. The technique has been found to be a simple and quick for the detection and differentiation of virulent and avirulent NDV, which is important for control of the disease in the events of the outbreaks.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Cells persistently infected with Newcastle disease virus. II. Ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in cells infected with mutants isolated from persistently infected L cells.

A comparison of the replication patterns in L cells and in chick embryo (CE) cell cultures was carried out with the Herts strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV(o)) and with a mutant (NDV(pi)) isolated from persistently infected L cells. A significant amount of virus progeny, 11 plaque-forming units (PFU)/cell, was synthesized in L cells infected with NDV(o), but the infectivity remained cell-associated and disappeared without being detectable in the medium. In contrast, in L cells infected with NDV(pi), progeny virus (30 PFU/cell) was released efficiently upon maturation. It is suggested that the term "covert" rather than "abortive" be used to describe the infection of L cells with NDV(o). In both L and CE cells, the latent period of NDV(pi) was 2 to 4 hr longer than for NDV(o). The delay in synthesis of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the case of NDV(pi) coincided with the delay in the inhibition of host RNA and protein synthesis. Although both NDV(o) and NDV(pi) produced more progeny and more severe cell damage in CE cells than in L cells, the shut-off of host functions was significantly less efficient in CE cells than in L cells. Paradoxically, no detectable interferon was produced in CE cells by either of the viruses, whereas in L cells most of the interferon appeared in the medium after more than 90% of host protein synthesis was inhibited. These results suggest that the absence of induction of interferon synthesis in CE cells infected with NDV is not related to the general shut-off of host cell synthetic mechanisms but rather to the failure of some more specific event to occur. In spite of the fact that NDV(pi) RNA synthesis commenced 2 to 4 hr later than that of NDV(o), interferon was first detected in the medium 8 hr after infection with both viruses. This finding suggests that there is no relation between viral RNA synthesis and the induction of interferon synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Synthesis of Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-like envelopes in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus expressing the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase of NDV.

Electron microscopical examination of negatively stained extracellular fluids (ECF) from Spodoptera frugiperda cell cultures infected with a recombinant baculovirus expressing the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) revealed NDV-like envelopes which resembled the envelopes of authentic NDV. Immunogold staining with anti-NDV HN monoclonal antibodies demonstrated HN antigen in spikes on the NDV-like envelopes. The ECF from the recombinant-infected cultures also contained baculovirus particles which resembled standard baculovirus particles except that some showed polar protrusions of the envelope. It was concluded that the HN of NDV, in the absence of the matrix protein, might be able to initiate and control the production of viral envelopes which are morphologically identical to those of authentic NDV.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Factors influencing the appearance of antibody in tracheal washes and serum of young chickens after exposure to Newcastle disease virus.

The development of plaque-neutralizing antibody in tracheal washes and hemagglutination inhibition antibody in serum was followed after intratracheal and intranasal or intramuscular inoculation of 1-, 14-, or 28-day-old chicks with a lentogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Serum antibody could be detected between 7 and 10 days after intratracheal and intranasal vaccination in birds either with or without maternal antibody to NDV. However, among the 1-day-old group only birds without maternal antibody showed an antibody response after intramuscular inoculation. All birds possessing either actively or passively acquired serum antibody showed a sharp rise and subsequent decline of anti-NDV activity in tracheal washes between 4 and 10 days after intratracheal or intranasal vaccination. Using radiolabeled chicken immunoglobulin injected intravenously as a tracer, it was shown that this initial peak of anti-NDV activity in tracheal washes could be accounted for by enhanced transudation of serum antibody. The transudation of serum antibody coincided with the course of viral pathology observed in the tracheae of infected birds. Neutralizing antibody in tracheal washes beyond 10 to 14 days postvaccination was, most likely, porduced locally, in the respiratory tract.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2006

Tumor selective replication of Newcastle disease virus: association with defects of tumor cells in antiviral defence.

To investigate tumor-selective viral replication, we compared several tumorigenic human cell lines to nontumorigenic human cells from the blood for the sensitivity to become infected by a recombinant lentogenic strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) with incorporated transgene EGFP (NDFL-EGFP). Although fluorescence signals in nontumorigenic cells were only weak or missing completely, a massive and long-lasting transgene-expression was observed in all tumor cell lines. The majority of tumor cells (50-95%) could be infected, and viral replication was associated with an increase in the cell surface density of viral antigens. To clarify the underlying mechanism of the observed difference in virus susceptibility we examined the kinetics of interferon-induced antiviral enzymes because NDV is a strong type-I interferon inducer. This analysis revealed several defects of tumor cells in their antiviral defence responses: They showed no response to UV-inactivated NDV, whereas nontumorigenic cells reacted with induction of high-levels of the antiviral enzymes PKR and MxA. Upon coincubation with live NDV, tumor cells showed a delayed response in the increased expression of the antiviral enzymes in comparison with PBMC. In nontumorigenic cells the replication cycle of NDV stopped after the production of positive-strand RNA, while tumor cells continued in the replication cycle and copied viral genomes 10-50 hr after infection. These results can explain the tumor selective replication behavior of this interesting antineoplastic virus.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1996

Differences in hemagglutination inhibition activity against bovine rotavirus and hen Newcastle disease virus based on the subunits in hen egg white ovomucin.

The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) activity of ovomucin (OM) subunits, and the effects of alkylation before and after reduction and protease treatments on the HI activity of OM to bovine rotavirus (RV) and hen newcastle disease virus (NDV) were investigated. The appearance of the HI activity of Om against RV was accomplished by a macromolecule composed of alpha- and beta-subunits, while that against NDV required the beta-subunit moiety only.

Alkylation↗