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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Chromium content in foods and dietary intake estimation in the Northwest of Mexico].

Chromium is an indispensable nutrient for the carbohydrates and lipids metabolism. In this study the chromium content in the twenty main foods of the diet from Northwestern Mexico was determined, as well as the daily mean intake which was estimated based on the food intake basket of this region. Chromium content was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the graphite furnace technique and previous digestion of foods in microwave oven. The chromium mean intake was estimated considering the chromium daily mean intake for person per day and the chromium content of the foods analyzed in this study. The range chromium content in the foods analyzed was between 0.0004 and 0.1641 microgram/g dry weight. White cheese showed the highest chromium content followed by pasta soup, wheat tortilla, bread and meat. The main foods chromium contributors in the diet were: wheat tortilla (20%), white cheese (11%), corn tortilla (11%), pasta soup (10%), milk (10%), meat (9%) and white bread (8%). The daily chromium intake was 30.43 +/- 1.6 micrograms/d. Chromium values obtained in the food analyzed are considered low. Moreover, chromium intake obtained from the diet is not enough to meet the safety and adequate daily chromium intake. Therefore, the population from the Northwestern Mexico has a suboptimal dietary chromium intake.

Chromium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Physicians facing the first antituberculosis campaign in Mexico].

In the paper entitled "Physicians Face the First Antituberculosis Campaign in Mexico", tuberculosis is focused on as an important cause of death and disability in many parts of Mexico in the last quarter of the ninetieth century and the first decade of the twentieth century. The first measures taken are described, along with the formal proposal that attempted to include institutions as well as individuals. The manner in which tuberculosis was associated with nutrition, with alcoholism and with work and life conditions is studied. As a last point, the debate among medical professionals that was provoked by the campaign against tuberculosis is analyzed.

Health Promotion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiologic overview of arterial hypertension in Mexico].

We reviewed the literature on the epidemiology of hypertension in Mexico. We consider it necessary to restate the basic concepts on hypertension and its epidemiology to understand better its relevance and impact on the development and productivity of a country. With this in mind, we analyzed the epidemiological variables that might lead to more precise and reliable recordings of this alteration. We compared statistical data obtained in 1950 with those more recently published in Mexico as well as in the USA, which allowed us to elucidate why hypertension is considered a Public Health problem not only in our country but worldwide.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serotyping of Haemophilus paragallinarum isolates from Mexico by the Kume hemagglutinin scheme.

A total of 42 isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum from Mexico were serotyped by the Kume hemagglutinin scheme. Serovars A-1, A-2, B-1, and C-2 were recognized among 11 (26.2%), 7 (16.6%), 4 (9.5%), and 14 (33.3%) isolates, respectively. A further six isolates (14.3%) showed hemagglutinating activity but could not be classified into any serovar. Commercial vaccines containing Kume serovars A-1, A-2, B-1, and C-2 may provide better protection than those bi- or trivalent infectious coryza vaccines currently used in Mexico.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Birth and death of a profession. Certified midwives in Mexico (Spanish)].

This study examines the rise and development of professional midwifery in Mexico. The authors sustain that this profession was created in the 19th century by the medical profession as a means to eliminate traditional midwives and obtain access to pregnant women, women about to give birth, and women in the puerperal period. The relationship between physicians and midwives was never without its contradictions; however, conflicts increased after the establishment of gynecology as a specialty in Mexico. In the 20th century, physicians imposed increasingly stringent limitations on the activities of certified midwives and instead promoted training for traditional midwives, until professional midwifery was abandoned.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of total metals in cultivated oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from the northwest coast of Mexico by microwave digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry.

Bivalves such as oysters often accumulate heavy metals, and therefore can be used to monitor changes of pollutant concentrations in the environment. Cultivated oysters from the northwest coast of Mexico are widely used for human consumption and thus have an important commercial value. Information was gathered on the concentration of these elements in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) cultivated on the coast of Sonora. Oysters were randomly collected from April to October 1997, from 6 different locations (65 individuals per site) in 4 different months. Metals were determined by microwave digestion followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean values (microg/g fresh weight) for each metal were: Cd, 0.76; Cu, 3.64; Zn, 17.71; Pb, 0.50; As, 0.05; Hg, 0.03; and Se, 0.21. The results show that, except for Cd, concentrations of regulated metals were under the maximum permitted values specified by regulatory agencies of Mexico and were comparable to those reported from other areas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Novel infectious bronchitis virus S1 genotypes in Mexico 1998-1999.

Seventeen infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) field isolates recovered from commercial broiler flocks in Mexico were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction cycle sequencing of the S1 gene. The isolates were obtained from broilers on farms from the neighboring states of Queretaro and San Luis Potosi in 1998 and 1999. Flocks had an ongoing history of bacterial-complicated respiratory disease with mortality rates as high as 28% in spite of receiving live vaccinations for Massachusetts and Connecticut strains of IBV. Sequence analysis of the S1 gene identified two unique genotypes that have been described, as of this time, only in Mexico and thus appear to represent strains indigenous to the country. The Mex/1765/99 genotype was isolated from 64% (11/17) of the respiratory disease outbreaks. Three isolates (18%) were similar to the BL-56 genotype, a unique Mexican IBV strain observed initially in 1996. In addition to the two indigenous strains, three isolates (18%) were found to be the Connecticut genotype.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Financial requirements for health services demands for diabetes and hypertension in Mexico: 2001-2003].

This paper presents the results of a prospective study aimed at identifying financial requirements to provide and finance healthcare services during the period 2001-2003, for high blood pressure and diabetes, the two main chronic diseases demanding healthcare services in Mexico. The study population was drawn from Mexico's three main healthcare institutions: The Ministry of Health (SSA); the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS); and the Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers (ISSSTE). The costing method was based on instrumentation and consensus techniques per average case management. Six Box-Jenkins probabilistic models were constructed to estimate the epidemiologic change for the period 2001-2003. Study findings suggest that if risk factors and healthcare provision models remain unchanged, the financial consequences would have a greater impact on the Ministry of Health, followed by IMSS and ISSSTE. Financial requirements for both diseases will account for nearly 2% of the total budget allocated to the uninsured, and 3.5% for the insured population. Indirect costs showed a similar trend in the three institutions, representing nearly 23% above total direct costs.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2001

[Spatial and temporal distribution of benthic Polychaeta from the continental shelf of Tamaulipas, Gulf of Mexico].

In three oceanographic cruises off southern Tamaulipas (May, July and November, 1992), a total of 102 sediment samples were collected by autonomous diving at depths of 2.5 to 20.5 m, with a cylindrical 4 liter acrylic tube. The samples were sieved (aperture size 0.5 and 1.0 mm). In total, 88 species of polychaete annelids were determined (33 families); 15 species are first records for Mexico and three for the Gulf of Mexico. The dominant species were Paraprionospio pinnata, Scoletoma verrilli, Ceratocephale oculata, Aricidea finitima, Apoprionospio pygmaea, Onuphis eremita oculata and Prionospio cristata; P. pinnata was the most abundant (14.4% of the total). Highest abundance and diversity of species was in May (63 species and 622 organisms), followed by July (48 species and 401 organism); November was lowest (47 species and 217 organisms). Most diversity and abundance were found in the sandy bottoms.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Estimation of survival and gonotrophic cycle length of Simulium metallicum sensu lato (Diptera: Simuliidae) in southern Mexico.

This study compares the use of a mark-recapture analysis and a time-series analysis to estimate the gonotrophic cycle length and survivorship of Simulium metallicum s.l. in southern Mexico. Daily collections were performed with human- and horse-baited traps at 3 sites in a coffee plantation. The mark-recapture and time series experiments on these collections conclusively yielded a gonotrophic cycle length estimate of 3 days. Horizontal estimates of daily survivorship ranged from 0.75 to 0.69 and these values were similar to that estimated vertically of 0.77. The survival to infective stage (9 days) ranged from 0.012 to 0.043, taking into account at least 12 days for development of 3rd-stage larvae of Onchocerca volvulus. Mark-recapture and time-series methods were found to be suitable for estimating the gonotrophic cycle length and daily survivorship of S. metallicum s.l. under field conditions in southern Mexico.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Evaluation of the program for timely detection of cervical cancer in Durango, Mexico].

In Mexico, more of 36% of malignant tumors in the women are cervical cancer, representing an important public health problem. Although cytologic screening for cervical cancer was introduced in 1974, the mortality rate for this disease has been increasing. The state of Durango represents the second national place in mortality by CaCu (3.4/100,000). Since there are few the studies of DOC program evaluation in Mexico were considered important to evaluated the cervical screening program (coverage, assiduity, diagnoses and pursuit) in the state of Durango. Of 40,000 active sexually women attended in the IMSS; we received 11,185 slides during May of 1999 to April of 2000 for cytologic screening. The coverage in this population was 27.96% (11,185/40,000), 8,187 women (73.2%) had cytologic control at least previous two years, 652 (5.83%) had more of four years without control and 2,346 (21%) assisted for first time. The cytological diagnostic showed 189 abnormal Pap (1.68%), and only 40 of them (21.16%) had cytohistopatholgic pursuit and clinic treatment. According to these results we concluded that DOC program in Gomez Palacio, Durango has a deficiency of coverage (72.04%) and pursuit (78.84%). These results indicated the need for development institutional activities of prevention for increase efficiency of preventive services.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiologic features of tetanus in adults form Yucatan, Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: To describe epidemiologic features from tetanus in adult patients (TIAP) treated at hospital general O'Horan in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico and compare them with another Mexican series analyzed 25 years ago. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1985 to 1999, 121 TIAP cases aged 13 years or older were identified from which 112 were analyzed. Diagnosis of TIAP was made just in a clinical basis. To analyze information inferencial statistics were used. RESULTS: People affected by tetanus averaged 43 +/- 21, 95% CI 39 to 47. A 3:1 male to female ratio was documented. Eighty two (73%) patients come from the rural area; 43 (38%) did work as peasants. Sixty two cases (55%) were diagnosed during the Fall and Winter seasons. In 91 patients (81%) no anti-tetanus vaccination was documented. In 89 cases (79%) incubation period averaged 5.4 +/- 4 days, 95% CI 5 to 6. According to this 89 cases (79%) with incubation period < 10 days were graded as severe tetanus and 23 (21%) with incubation period > or = 10 days were graded as non-severe tetanus. Tetanus-prone wounds were documented in 95 (85%) cases, 59 (62%) of which (62%) were localized in the lower extremities. Final outcome dichotomized either as death patient (group one) or surviving patient (group two) was documented in 103 cases of whom 67 (65%) were in group one and 36 (35%) were in group two. By comparing them, differences were seen in mean age (P = 0.004, 95% CI 3.9 to 19.8), age categories (< 50 vs. > or = 50) (chi 2 P = 0.001, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.60), severity of tetanus (Fisher exact test P = 0.0009, 95% CI 2 to 53) and mean hospitalization time (mean difference 14.8, P = 0.0001, 95% CI 11 to 18) but not in sex (chi 2 0.69, P = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS: In the State of Yucatan, Peninsula de Yucatan, Mexico, TIAP is still an endemic process with high mortality rate specially among young productive people. Secondary preventive measures as routinely tetanus toxoid booster vaccination are still not enough, at least in adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The APO E4 allele and cognition in New Mexico Hispanic elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the apolipoprotein E E4 (APO E4) allele is associated with cognitive performance in New Mexico Hispanic elderly. METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 105 community volunteers, aged 60 years and older, born in New Mexico, with both parents of Hispanic descent. Subjects were excluded for medical conditions that could influence cognitive performance. We also performed a longitudinal analysis on 18 participants who were re-tested over a 3-year interval. The main outcome measures for both the cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis were scores on 5 cognitive tests comparing subjects with the E4 allele to those without the E4 allele. RESULTS: The mean age was 69 years, with a range of 60 to 91. For the cross-sectional analysis, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups on the cognitive tests, although subjects with an E4 allele did not perform as well on color trails A (P=.09). In the longitudinal analysis we found that the variability of cognitive test scores tended to be higher in the E4 group on most cognitive measures. The time needed to complete color trails A (indicating slower performance) was significantly greater (P<.05) in the E4 group. For the total recall portion of the Fuld Object Memory test, the E4 group did not perform as well on follow-up (P=.08). CONCLUSION: We found no significant cross-sectional association between the APO E4 allele and cognitive performance. In our longitudinal analysis, the time needed to complete color trails A was significantly greater in the E4 group, and the E4 group did not perform as well on total recall.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational health in Mexico.

The authors discuss the maquiladoras and child labor, and offer an overview of the history of occupational safety and health in Mexico that covers laws and regulations, social security, unions, and enforcement of legislation. The organization and structure of the various institutions responsible for occupational safety and health (OSH), as well as administrative procedures, are described. This article concludes with a list of the new challenges for OSH in Mexico.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

[Mortality trends in cancer attributable to tobacco in Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the mortality trends of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking, particularly lung cancer, for the 1980-1997 period in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mortality trends were analyzed for each type of cancer associated to tobacco smoking, according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Crude and adjusted mortality rates were estimated for the period between 1980 and 1997, by age, gender, basic death cause, and year of death. The gender ratio and the relative proportion were estimated for cases in the 35-64 age group and for the entire study population. Age population projections by Consejo Nacional de Poblacion (National Population Council), were used as denominators (1970-2010). RESULTS: The gender ratio for mortality rates for lung, esophageal, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer was 2.10:1.00 (male:female). The gender ratio for laryngeal cancer was striking: 4.21:1.00, probably due to the higher prevalence of male tobacco smokers. The estimated relative proportion, using the total mortality due to malignant cancers between 1980-1997, was 12.31% for lung cancer, 1.71% for larynx cancer, 1.55% for esophageal cancer, and 1.49% for oral cavity/pharyngeal cancer. Previous tobacco smoking was correlated with the mortality rate trends for lung cancer (beta: 0.910, IC 95%: 1.097-1.797, R2 0.827). For the poorest social groups by federal entity, the correlation was inverted (beta: -0.510, IC 95% -0.170, -0.039, R2: 0.260). CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico, increased tobacco smoking, improved cancer diagnosis, and the demographic transition, are probably the main factors determining cancer mortality rates. However, other lifestyle associated variables, such as urbanization, physical activity, carotenoid intake, and other dietary and toxic substances like alcohol, may also influence the morbidity and mortality rates. Although tobacco-related cancer is a fast-growing public health problem having a poor prognosis, tobacco smoking, the main risk factor, could be eliminated by health education and promotion, together with publicity regulation and healthy taxation policies.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Mortality attributable to tobacco use in Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: To study the mortality attributable to tobacco and alcohol consumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Deaths occurring in 1998, abstracted from the mortality statistics registry in the Coyoacan District of Mexico City, were classified by cause as: Cardiovascular Diseases, Respiratory Diseases, and Neoplasias. Relatives of the deceased were interviewed to answer a questionnaire on tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. RESULTS: Smoking during the last ten years of life was significantly associated with cardiovascular disease in men aged 70 years or older (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.18-3.58). Persistent smoking in the last year of life was significantly associated with deaths from neoplasias and respiratory diseases in women aged 70 years or older (OR: 7.24, 95% CI 1.71-30.53; OR: 4.82 95% CI 1.41-16.50, respectively). The regression model for cardiovascular disease showed that subjects with intense tobacco consumption were almost twice as likely to die from cardiovascular disease (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.1-2.8, p < 0.01). The population attributable risk for cardiovascular disease was 45%. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking is an important predictor of dead among the elderly in Mexico. Tobacco control programs should also be targeted to the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Trends of tobacco use among new students at the Autonomous National University of Mexico, from 1989 to 1998].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the tobacco smoking patterns in students in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico system, (Mexico's National Autonomous University, UNAM), between 1989 and 1998. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a time-series, cohort study conducted in the year 2000. The overall prevalence of smoking, age- and sex-specific prevalence rates, and the prevalence of subjects smoking 11 or more cigarettes daily, were estimated for 103 582 new students aged 14 to 25 years. The same subjects were contacted for a second time, to estimate the cumulative incidence of smoking during the high school period. Associations were tested using a chi-squared test for trends, and prevalence odds ratios were obtained using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of smoking increased during the study period, mainly after 1993 among younger and female subjects. A higher smoking incidence was found among students of higher economic level. During the high school years, the incidence of smoking initiation was 12% for females and 19% for males. The probability of smoking increased with older age, male gender, and at the final years of the study period. CONCLUSIONS: In the last decade, evident changes in young students' smoking patterns have occurred. Antitobacco campaigns targeting young people should be implemented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The history of science and the introduction of plant genetics in Mexico.

The emergence and development of 'national sciences' in Latin American countries were not, until very recently, part of the agenda of historians of science because the 'traditional' history of sciences was not interested in the scientific activity of peripheral areas. The history of science is a recent discipline in Mexican historiographic studies. The methodological interest in the history of science, the creation of schools and institutes that deal with it, the establishment of particular chairs, the organization of national societies, and the publication of books and periodicals are all very recent. It is important to carry out studies in the history of science that examine the development of Mexican science introducing the 'local' context, and study how this development has influenced the formation of scientific societies and the development of scientific disciplines in the country. We want to explore the introduction of genetics in Mexico as applied to agriculture between 1930 and 1960. This matter has not been investigated in Mexico and therefore this work would represent one of the first studies of this subject and one of the first studies in the general field of Mexican scientific history.

Biological Science Disciplines↗