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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Susceptibility of Pseudomonas pseudomallei to new beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Pseudomonas pseudomallei is resistant to many antimicrobial agents. We determined the susceptibility to twelve beta-lactams and six aminoglycosides of twelve isolates of P. pseudomallei. Imipenem (MIC range 0.5-1.0 mg/l; MIC90 1.0 mg/l), ceftazidime (MIC range 1-8 mg/l; MIC90 8.0 mg/l), amoxycillin/clavulanate (MIC range 4-8 mg/l; MIC90 8.0 mg/l), piperacillin (MIC range 4-16 mg/l; MIC90 8.0 mg/l), and carumonam (MIC range 4-16 mg/l; MIC90 8.0 mg/l) were the most active. Aminoglycosides were relatively inactive, for example, gentamicin (MIC range 16-64 mg/l; MIC90 64 mg/l), netilmicin (MIC range 16-128 mg/l; MIC90 128 mg/l) and amikacin (MIC range 32-64 mg/l; MIC90 64 mg/l).

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed2004

Antibiotic susceptibility of 65 isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei to 35 antimicrobial agents.

OBJECTIVES: Fifty isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei and 15 isolates of Burkholderia mallei were tested for their susceptibilities to 35 antimicrobial agents, including agents not previously tested against these bacteria. METHODS: MICs were determined by agar dilution in Mueller-Hinton medium. RESULTS: Among the antibiotics tested, lower MICs were obtained with imipenem, ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, doxycycline and minocycline. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides had poor activities. A single clinical isolate of B. pseudomallei was resistant to ceftazidime, co-amoxiclav and doxycycline but remained susceptible to imipenem. CONCLUSIONS: Although B. mallei MICs are often lower, the overall results underline the importance of resistance in both species. The susceptibilities measured are consistent with the current recommendations for the treatment of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin for treatment of experimental Burkholderia pseudomallei infection.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin for the post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of experimental Burkholderia pseudomallei infection. The presence of persistent infection in treated animals and the rate of relapse following dexamethasone treatment were also investigated. METHODS: BALB/c mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 1.75 x 10(6) cfu of B. pseudomallei strain 576. Gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin (100 mg/kg) were given orally at 12 hourly intervals for 14 days starting at 6 h, 7 days or 12 days post-challenge. Control mice did not receive antibiotic therapy. RESULTS: No regimen gave 100% protection. Prophylaxis was most effective when started 6 h post-challenge, with survival rates at 42 days for ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin being 58%, 75% and 75%, respectively. For treatment started at day 7 post-challenge, survival rates were 17%, 11% and 44%, respectively. When antibiotic treatment was delayed until day 12 post-challenge, survival rates fell to 21%, 17% and 28%, respectively. Following dexamethasone treatment of survivors at 42 days post-challenge, relapses occurred in all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoroquinolones do not provide good post-exposure protection against infection with B. pseudomallei. The newer agents moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin are not significantly better than ciprofloxacin for this purpose.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Isolation of Pseudomonas pseudomallei from clay layers at defined depths.

Twelve strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei were isolated from the soil and water of a sheep paddock over a two-year period. The organism was recovered from the clay layer of the soil profile as well as from water that seeps into this layer during the "wet" season. Five isolates were obtained before the commencement of the "wet" season; environmental factors appear to play an important role in the survival of Ps. pseudomallei during the "dry" season. Lower isolation rates were recorded than those indicated by workers in southeast Asia and Iran.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Tropical and exotic infections. Proceedings of the 5th Liverpool Tropical School Bayer Symposium on Microbial Diseases. 14 February 1998.

In summary, MDR strains of S. typhi are both epidemic and endemic in many countries in Asia and MDR S. paratyphi A has recently emerged in Pakistan. Multiple clones may be present in a given area at any time. Fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins have been used widely over the past decade to treat MDR strains. The clinical superiority of fluoroquinolones is now threatened by the rapid emergence of chromosomally mediated resistance and cephalosporin resistance is also being reported. Whether these problems can be overcome by the use of newer fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins remains to be seen. Meanwhile, furazolidone and azithromycin deserve further trials, and clinical and molecular surveillance of resistance patterns remains essential.

Cholera↗
PubMed1998

Flagellin gene variation between clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei contrasts with the invariance among clinical isolates.

The flagellin gene sequence from a clinical isolate of Burkholderia pseudomallei was used to design oligonucleotide primers for PCR/RFLP analysis of flagellin gene variation among clinical and environmental isolates of B. pseudomallei. Genes from four clinical and six environmental isolates were amplified and compared by RFLP. The clinical isolates were indistinguishable, but variation was detected among some of the environmental isolates. Sequence analysis of flagellin gene amplified products demonstrated high levels of conservation amongst the flagellin genes of clinical isolates (>99% similarity), compared to the variation observed between the clinical isolates and one of the environmental isolates (<90% similarity). Genomic comparisons with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed differences between the relationships inferred by flagellin genotyping and PFGE, suggesting that a combination of molecular methods may be useful for the subtyping of B. pseudomallei strains.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Resistance of Pseudomonas pseudomallei to normal human serum bactericidal action.

The effect of human normal serum (HNS) on Pseudomonas pseudomallei was determined. It is apparent from our data that the organism is resistant to the normal serum bactericidal mechanism. Ancillary experiments to confirm this serum-resistant property of P. pseudomallei were done by examining the effects of growth phase conditions of the bacteria (i.e., logarithmic and stationary phases) and different buffered systems used as diluent in our bactericidal assay. Results obtained showed similar degree of resistance to serum bactericidal killing by 5 strains of the organisms tested. The possible survival advantage of serum-resistance property to P. pseudomallei as bacterial pathogens known to invade the blood stream is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of antibodies to Pseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin and whole cell antigens in military personnel in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia.

Sera from 420 military personnel serving in Sabah and Sarawk, Malaysia, were tested for antibodies to Pseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin and whole cell antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure (ELISA). Data showed that 54.4% of serum samples were positive for antibodies to P. pseudomallei exotoxin and 65.7% were positive for antibodies to the whole cell antigens. Samples gave much lower titers for anti-exotoxin antibodies compared to titers against crude whole cell antigens. The incidence of antibody to exotoxin was highest in the age groups ranging from 26 to 32 years, where the positive rates were higher than 40% and 30% for military personnel serving in Sarawak and Sabah, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Identification of Oklahoma isolate as a strain of Pseudomonas pseudomallei.

Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics, cellular fatty acid and lipid composition, ubiquinone-8 as the major respiratory quinone, guanine-plus-cytosine content of DNA, DNA-DNA homology value, and sequence alignment of 16S rRNA nucleotides, Oklahoma isolate was reidentified as a strain of Pseudomonas pseudomallei.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

Epidemiology of community-acquired and nosocomial bloodstream infections in tropical Australia: a 12-month prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: To define the relative incidence of organisms causing blood stream infections in a tropical setting with a very low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection (<1%). METHODS: A 12-month prospective study of blood stream infections in 2000 at Royal Darwin Hospital in the tropical north of Australia. RESULTS: Significant isolates were grown from 257 sets of blood cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate overall (28%); 26% of these were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Escherichia coli was the most common cause of community-acquired bacteraemia. Burkholderia pseudomallei caused 32% of community acquired, bacteraemic pneumonia; 6% of bacteraemias overall. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci were not isolated. Crude mortality rates (13% overall; 9% attributable mortality) were lower than in most comparable studies. CONCLUSIONS: The major difference between these findings and surveys performed elsewhere is the presence of B. pseudomallei as a significant cause of bacteraemic community-acquired pneumonia. Our results demonstrate the effects of local environmental and patient characteristics on the range of organisms causing blood stream infections, and emphasize the important role of local microbiology laboratories in guiding empiric antibiotic therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Experimental Burkholderia pseudomallei infection of pigs.

Experimental infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei was successfully produced after a single intravenous challenge of 2-month-old pigs with a dose of 5.0 x 10(9) bacterial cells. Clinical, paraclinical and morphological findings of the infectious process and post-infectious immunity were examined up to day 30 post infection (p.i.). A transient and short hyperthermia accompanied by enhanced and longer demonstrated pulse frequency. An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and tachypnea were observed too after clinical examination. The infection starts with significant leucopenia, and a reduced number of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages which have been overcome in the latest intervals of infection. In contrast, the phagocytic activity of leucocytes was statistically increased during the course of infection and up to day 15 p.i. in the case of alveolar macrophages. Burkholderia pseudomallei was able to colonize the lungs during the whole experiment and was only present 3 days in the spleen and mesenterial lymph nodes (MLN). Significant antibody response was developed as early as day 7 p.i. Hyperaemia, haemorrhages and necrotic foci were found in the brain, liver spleen and MLN. Lung tissue was also hyperaemic, with formation of small abscesses and signs of catarrhal pneumonia. Data obtained in this study revealed that B. pseudomallei causes a chronic generalized infection in pigs, even after intravenous challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Unrecognised infection in a cystic fibrosis patient.

We report a 17-year-old Malay boy with cystic fibrosis who over a 14-month period experienced worsening respiratory symptoms and deteriorating lung function. Burkholderia pseudomallei was eventually isolated from his sputum. He improved clinically following treatment for meliodosis and his lung function returned to normal.

Adolescent↗