Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MEDROXYPROGESTERONE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Growth hormones and oncogenes in mammary adenocarcinomas induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate in BALB/c mice].

We have studied the involvement of growth factors (GF), their receptors (GF-R) and oncogenes in modulating tumor growth in the medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-induced mammary tumor model in BALB/c mice. We demonstrated the presence of both ligands of the insulin-like growth factor family (IGF-I, IGF-II) and the two types of receptors (IGF-RI, IGF-RII). MPA upregulated IGF-II mRNA and protein levels in hormone-dependent lines (MPA-D). The progression to a hormone-independent phenotype was accompanied by a high constitutive expression of IGF-II and by a significant decrease in IGF-IIR number. An antisense strategy used to evaluate the role of IGF in the MPA-induced growth of epithelial MPA-D cells showed that IGF mediate progestin-induced mammary tumor growth by autocrine/intracrine pathways. We also studied the role of heregulins (HRG), the recently identified ligands for the c-erbB3 and c-erbB4 oncogenes. HRG mRNA expression was restricted to tumors of ductal origin. MPA induced an in vivo up-regulation of HRG expression. Finally, we also found that MPA may be exerting its proliferative effect on MPA-D lines by inhibiting the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1, (TGF-beta 1) and the lack of expression of TGF-beta 1 in hormone-independent tumors may be related to the acquisition of autonomous growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of pretreatment counseling on discontinuation rates in women given depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pre-treatment counseling on discontinuation rates of 150 mg depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), given for contraception. METHODS: A total of 421 women participated, 204 receiving intensive structured pre-treatment and on going counseling on the hormonal effects and probable side effects of DMPA and 217 receiving only routine counseling. All participants were followed up at every 3 months for 1 year. The primary endpoint was termination rate, secondary endpoints were frequency of medical events and reasons for termination. RESULTS: The most common reasons for terminating DMPA were menstrual changes. Although women in the intensive structured counseling group reported more menstrual irregularity (39.7%) than did women in the routine counseling group (26.3%), study termination rates were significantly lower in the intensively structured counseling group than in the routine counseling group. At one year, the total cumulative termination rates were 11.3% (23/204) and 42.4% (92/217), respectively (P < 0.0001). No pregnancy and serious medical events were reported. CONCLUSION: Pre-treatment counseling on expected side effects increases the acceptability of DMPA.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception: an update for U.S. clinicians.

Injectable contraceptions appeal to women who value the efficacy, convenience, and safety provided by this reversible birth control option. Since FDA approval for contraceptive use in 1992, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)--already used by millions of women worldwide--has been used by several million U.S. women. Although women using this 3-month progestin-only injectable often experience irregular bleeding and spotting (initially), long-term DMPA use typically results in amenorrhea. Many users, including adolescents, choose DMPA because of its convenience--nearly 100% contraceptive effectiveness is achieved with 4 injections per year. Because DMPA does not contain estrogen, it represents an appropriate contraceptive choice for postpartum or lactating women, as well as those whose medical status precludes use of contraceptive doses of estrogen. Some examples include: women over age 35 who smoke, those with increased thromboembolism risk, women with cardiovascular or liver disease, as well as women with complex migraines. Although fertility resumes on the average 10 months following the last injection, suppression of ovulation occasionally persists for as long as 22 months. Consequently, DMPA is not an appropriate choice for women who may wish to conceive within the next two years. Since the use of DMPA lowers ovarian estradiol production, reversible loss of bone mineral density (BMD) may occur. Studies currently in progress may clarify DMPA's long-term impact, if any, on BMD. Therapeutic uses of DMPA include treatment of: dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia (including that associated with fibroid uterine tumors), endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia, ovulatory pain, pain associated with ovarian adhesive disease, premenstrual dysphoria and perimenopausal symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cytokine activity in cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: role of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate.

The characteristic clinical picture of anorexia, tissue wasting, loss of body weight accompanied by a decrease in muscle mass and adipose tissue, and poor performance status that often precedes death has been named the cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome (CACS). Chronic administration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-I (IL-I), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), either alone or in combination, is capable of reproducing the different features of CACS. High serum levels of these cytokines have been found in cancer patients, which seem to correlate with progression of the tumor. This article describes a series of experimental and clinical studies demonstrating that: (1) high serum levels of some cytokines, including IL-I, IL-6, and TNF, are present in advanced-stage cancer patients, particularly those with CACS; (2) megestrol acetate (MA) has a beneficial therapeutic effect on CACS symptoms, such as appetite, body weight, and quality of life; (3) MA downregulates the synthesis and release of cytokines and relieves the symptoms of CACS; (4) cytokines play a key role in the onset of CACS; (5) medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) reduces the in vitro production of cytokines and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of cancer patients; and (6) MA and MPA reduce the cisplatin-induced 5-HT release in vitro from PBMC of cancer patients. Based on these results, a clinical study incorporating MA/MPA in combination with chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy may be warranted. In addition, it has been recently shown that "oxidative stress" resulting from reactive oxygen species, which can be induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, is involved in tissue wasting and CACS. These results suggest promising approaches for the prevention and treatment of cytokine-induced CACS based on MA, MPA, and metabolic antioxidants.

Anorexia↗
PubMed1998

[Pharma-clinics. Drug of the month. Premelle (conjugated estrogens + medroxyprogesterone].

Premelle, commercialised by Wyeth-Lederle, is a combination of conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg and medroxyprogesterone acetate 5 mg which is indicated in the treatment of menopause-associated problems, among which vasomotor symptoms, atrophic vaginitis and/or urethritis, and in the prevention and treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. It is presented in two formulations, Premelle cyclic 5 and Premelle 5. The former, in which the progestagen is only given during the last 14 out of 28 days of the treatment cycle, is accompanied by regular bleeding and thus preferably indicated during perimenopause whereas the latter, in which the progestagen is given continuously and results in amenorrhea, is mostly indicated after menopause in order to improve long-term compliance.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1995

CAF versus CAF plus Medroxyprogesterone Acetate for Treatment of Liver Metastases of Breast Cancer.

A controlled randomized trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a CAF therapy including cyclophosphamide (CPA), adriamycin (ADR) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) with that of CAF plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy including CPA, ADR and 5FU plus MPA for the treatment of liver metastases from breast cancer. A total of 34 patients with unresectable liver metastases from breast cancer were divided into two treatment groups(CAF and CAF + MPA)with stratification for estrogen receptor status. The response rate was 13%(2PR in 16 patients)for CAF therapy and 22% (1 CR and 3 PR in 18 patients) for CAF plus MPA therapy. There was no significant difference in response rates, median survival periods and survival rates between the two treatment groups. However, CAF therapy had significantly more toxicity than did CAF plus MPA therapy. The findings of this study suggested that CAF plus MPA therapy is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for patients with liver metastases of breast cancer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Adjuvant Therapy with High-Dose Medroxyprogesterone Acetate for Operable Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) produces a comparable or higherresponse rate in metastatic breast cancer compared with tamoxifen which is alsocommonly used for adjuvant endocrine therapy. Several studies in the West have indicated the efficacy of MPA when used as an adjuvant to surgery in certain subsets of patients. The present study was undertaken as a multicenter open study in Japan to investigate the safety and efficacy of MPA in adjuvant endocrine therapy. Method and Patients: A combination of 800 mg/day MPA and a fluorouracil compound for 6 months was given postoperatively to 119 patients with stage II or IIIabreast cancer in 32 participating hospitals between June 1987 and June 1989. RESULTS: Among the 119 patients, 59 patients (49.6%) experienced some kind ofadverse reaction. The major adverse reaction was abnormal menstruation, seen in 13 (25.0%) of the 52 premenopausal patients. Vaginal bleeding was a major adverse reaction in the 67 postmenopausal patients (8/67 or 11.9%). An increase in body weight and moon face were observed in 23 (19.3%) and 9 (7.6%) of the 119 patients, respectively. Administration of drugs was discontinued because of adversereaction in 17 patients (14.3%), and dose reduction or temporary suspension wasnecessary in 7 patients (5.9%). Increase in body weight was the main reason fordiscontinuation of the treatment. No severe adverse reactions were observed. After a median follow-up of 74.5 months (range, 2.2-90.0 months), 84 of the 119 patients are alive with no evidence of disease. The 3-year and 5-year disease-freesurvival rates were 88.2% and 82.6% in stage II patients, and 64.7% and 52.9% in stage IIIa patients, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year disease-free survivalrates according to age were 87.8% and 79.3% in patients aged 50 years or more, and 78.6% and 71.4% in patients aged under 50 years. CONCLUSION: These results show that 800 mg/day MPA plus a fluorouracil compound can be administered with acceptable morbidity as an adjuvant treatment to selected breast cancer patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Benefits of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) in Advanced or Recurrent Breast Cancer with Higher Serum Concertration.

The efficacy of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy in controlling progressive measurable metastatic breast cancer was assessed in 61 patients. In addition serum MPA concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and subjective effects of treatment were monitored. Overall 24 patients (39.3%) achieved an objective response(2 complete responses [ CR ] and 22 partial responses [ PR ]). There was no significant relationships between response to therapy and menopausal status, metastatic sites, previous therapy, histological type, or disease-free interval. Patients with estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptor-positive tumors responded more frequently. Significant differences in serum MPA concentrations were seen between responders and non-responders, objective tumor shrinkage being seen in patients with serum levels in excess of 55 ng/ml. There were few cases responding to the therapy with serum MPA concentrations lower than 25 ng/ml. The serum MPA levels significantly correlated with an improvement in the performance status and survival. Patients with serum MPA concentrations lower than 25 ng/ml had significantly poorer survival. There was a significant relationship between MPA level and dose per area of boby surface (mg/ m(2)) in cases with CR or PR or no change (NC). However, the serum levels of patients with progressive disease despite therapy were lower than the expected levels based on the body surface area. This study demonstrated that serum MPA concentration is a determining factor for therapeutic benefit in advanced or recurrent breast cancer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Suppression of Estrogenic Activity by Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Tamoxifen-treated Patients after Surgery for Breast Cancer to Reduce the Risk of Endometrial Cancer Development.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative adjuvant tamoxifen (TAM) therapy in breast cancer patients may lead, albeit rarely, to endometrial cancer. Preventive measures are urgently needed. METHODS: The study subjects were postmenopausal women who had undergone surgery for breast cancer. The control group (n=10) received no further therapy. Patients who had completed adjuvant TAM therapy were assigned to a medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA;400 mg/day orally for 4 weeks) group (n =15) or no MPA treatment group (no MPA group)(n=15). Uterine cervix cytodiagnosis was performed after completing the TAM therapy(initial), and 4(4-week)and 16(16-week)weeks later. The serum 17beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone concentrations were measured initially and at 4 weeks. The karyopyknotic index (KPI), eosinophilic index (EI) and maturation index (MI) were calculated from Papanicolaou-stained specimens. RESULTS: The background parameters showed no biases. There were no differences in the PKI or El between the no MPA and MPA groups. However, regarding the MI, after 4 weeks in the MPA group, the intermediate cells were significantly increased, while the superficial cells tended to be significantly decreased. Regarding the percent change from the initial value, after 4 weeks in the MPA group, the KPI and superficial cells were significantly decreased, and the intermediate cells were significantly increased. The estrogen activity level and the progesterone concentration were significantly lower in the MPA group compared with the no MPA group. CONCKLUSIONS: The MPA administration clearly lowered the estrogenic activity, indicating that MPA therapy should be effective in reducing the risk of TAM-associated endometrial cancer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

A Combination Therapy with Mitomycin C, Etoposide, Doxifluridine and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate as Second Line Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer Refractory to Combination Chemotherapy of Cyclo-phoshamide, Doxorubicin and 5-Fluorouracil.

Thirty-two patients with advanced breast cancer refractory to combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CPA), doxorubicin (ADR) and 5-fluorouracil (5-EU) (CAF) were treated with the combination of mitomycin C, etoposide, doxifluridine and medroxyprogesterone acetate as second line therapy. Observed responses included 6 patients (18.7%) with complete response (CR) and 7 (21.9%) with partial response (PR). Two (50%) out of 4 patients who had bone pain due to bone metastasis noted pain relief. CR or PR were obtained in 4 out of 12 patients who had not responded to the previous CAF therapy. While grade III myelosuppression was observed in 3 patients, other adverse effects were minimal. It is suggested that this combination therapy may be recommended for advanced breast cancer patients as a second therapy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of a controlled internal drug release device containing progesterone with intravaginal medroxyprogesterone sponges for estrus synchronization in ewes.

Intravaginal progestagens have been used for many years to synchronize estrus in ewes. This experiment compares two such treatments: 60 mg medroxyprogesterone (MAP) sponges and a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device containing 366 mg natural progesterone. No pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) was used. Treatments were given to groups of 10 to 20 ewes for 14 d at various times during breeding season. Rams were introduced 1 d after treatment removal, and day of mating was recorded. Rams were removed after 3 d. Pregnancy was checked with ultrasound 60 d later. There was no diffeence in rate of marking by rams (88%) or pregnancy rate (57%) between treatments. Ewes receiving CIDR devices showed estrus earlier and with closer synchrony (P < 0.01). The CIDR device is comparable to the MAP sponge for estrus synchrony during the breeding season, and reasonable fertility can be achieved without the use of PMSG.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Plasma concentrations of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate after single oral administration to healthy subjects.

Plasma concentrations of megestrol acetate (MA) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) after a single oral dose of 60 mg either in the form of one tablet, or four 15 mg tablets, to 10 women 21-40 years old using a cross-over design. No statistically significant difference between the two preparations was observed with respect to plasma concentrations, the area under the curve from 0 to 24 h or the maximum concentration (c(max)). For comparison, data are presented on the plasma level of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) following a single oral dose of 100 mg given using a cross-over design in two different tablet forms to 10 healthy men, when no significant difference was observed for these parameters. The mean c(max) for MA after 2.6 h was 43.9 ng/ml (range 21.7-87.7 ng/ml), whereas that for MPA at 3.1 h was 13.1 ng/ml (range 4.4-29.5 ng/ml) despite the higher dose. After 24 h immunoreactive MA and MPA ranged from 9.6 to 29.0 ng/ml and from 0.2 to 4.0 ng/ml respectively. Moreover, it was found that petroleum ether extraction gives the most specific result by RIA, although considerable amounts of metabolites are still co-estimated. By comparison with selected ion monitoring using GC-MS, metabolite interference in RIA increases with time after administration of the steroids and is considerably greater for MPA than for MA. It is concluded that after oral administration the relative bioavailability of MA is significantly better than that of MPA.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative analysis and purity evaluation of medroxyprogesterone acetate by HPLC.

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the assay of medroxyprogesterone acetate and for the detection and determination of related steroids present as impurities in the drug. The method was compared with the normal-phase technique of the USP XX and was also applied to the analysis of tablets and injectable suspensions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Estrus synchronization in ewes treated with sponges impregnated with different doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate.

The objectives of this study were to determine residual and absorbed levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) after treatment with intravaginal sponges impregnated with different doses of MAP in an ewe herd and to determine the effects of such treatments upon estrus incidence, interval to estrus onset and pregnancy rate. Polyurethane sponges impregnated with 40, 50 and 60mg of MAP were prepared. Real amounts of progestagen on sponges were checked prior to sponge treatment insertion. During autumn 1999, 608 cyclic Merino ewes were treated with intravaginal sponges impregnated with different doses of MAP (groups I, 40; II, 50 and III, 60mg). After 14 days, sponges were removed and residual levels of MAP (RMAP) on removed sponges were measured by spectrophotometry. Real amounts for unused sponges were 39.60+/-1.10, 44.10+/-1.06 and 59.10+/-1.26mg for the intended doses of 40, 50 and 60mg MAP respectively. RMAPs were different (p<0.05) among groups (I: 17.98+/-1.97mg; II: 24.32+/-2.03mg; III: 34.25+/-3.23mg). Absorbed levels of MAP were not different among groups (I: 21.62+/-1.97mg; II: 19.78+/-2.03mg; III: 24.85+/-3.23mg). Artificial insemination was performed in 16 ewes from Group I, 17 ewes from Group II and 11 ewes from Group III, 12h after estrus onset. There were no differences among groups, neither for estrus incidence (I: 79.27%; II: 77.42%; III: 80.87%) nor interval to estrus onset (I: 55.94+/-1.87h; II: 56.74+/-1.13h; III: 57.70+/-1.02h). There were also no differences among groups for pregnancy rate (I: 43.75%; II: 52.94%; III: 45.45%). It was concluded that under similar conditions, a dose as low as 40mg MAP could be effectively used for estrus synchronization in cyclic Merino ewes.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of antiprogestins RU486 and ZK98299 on the expression of cell cycle proteins of a medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-induced murine mammary tumor.

This study links the tumor inhibitory effect of anti-progestins RU486 and ZK98299 to the expression of cell cycle proteins. Medroxyprogesterone acetate-induced ductal mammary adenocarcinoma-bearing female BALB/c mice were treated daily either with RU486 or ZK98299, observing tumor growth retardation. p21 increased after 24 h treatment, peaked at day 4 and returned to control levels at day 7. Cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4, did not change during treatment. These results suggest that p21 might play a role in early inhibitory stages of tumor growth induced by RU486 and ZK98299.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy against antiangiogenesis of transplanted ovarian cancer in nude mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on angiogenesis and growth of transplanted human ovarian cancer cells in nude mice. METHODS: Ovarian cancer cell line COCI derived from human ovarian serous adenocarcinoma was transplanted into 30 nude mice, which were then randomized equally into 3 groups consisting of two treatment groups (in which MPA was administered at 60 and 120 mg/kg, respectively, twice a week for 4 weeks) and a control group. Six weeks later, the body mass of the nude mice was recorded and the morphology of tumor cells observed by electron microscope. The microvascular density (MVD) was examined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-human factor VIII antibody. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the growth inhibitory rate in the two treatment groups were 23.76% and 43.80%, respectively, corresponding to the doses of 60 and 120 mg/kg. MVD of 60 mg/kg MPA group (3.64+/-0.02) and 120 mg/kg MPA group (2.11+/-0.12) was lower than that of the control group (5.14+/-0.74) (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), and there was also significant difference between the two treatment groups (P<0.01). The morphological changes including compaction and margination of the nuclear chromatin, apoptotic bodies, and cell necrosis were significantly increased in the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: MPA can inhibit the angiogenesis and growth of transplanted human ovarian cancer cells in nude mice in a dose-dependent manner, and its anticancer effect may involve induction of cell apoptosis as the result of its effect against angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed1986

Metabolic side-effects of injectable depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, 150 mg three-monthly, in undernourished lactating women. WHO Task Force on Long-acting Agents for Fertility Regulation.

Results of a study on the metabolic side-effects of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in undernourished lactating women, compared with non-lactating women, in three centres in India and Thailand are reported. Analysis of the data on anthropometric and biochemical parameters at the time of recruitment indicated that the lactating women were lighter and had lower plasma glucose and triglyceride levels and a higher alkaline phosphatase activity. Serum cholesterol levels tended to be higher during the first six months of lactation. Use of DMPA over a period of one year was not associated with any alteration in glucose tolerance and in the serum triglyceride, total protein and albumin levels. The observed fall in the cholesterol level and alkaline phosphatase activity in DMPA users might be attributed to waning lactation.

Aniline Compounds↗