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PubMed1992

Lymphocyte subsets and mitogen induced proliferation in adjuvant arthritis. Part I. Migration and function of the peripheral T lymphocytes.

Adjuvant arthritis (AA) was used as an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis in this study. Seventy 10-week-old inbred female rats of both Long-Evans rats (LE, high responder of adjuvant arthritis) and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD, low responder of adjuvant arthritis) were inoculated with adjuvant. Using monoclonal antibodies, we demonstrated that redistribution, migration, or an imbalance of T lymphocytes rather than the change of total T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of AA. After the adjuvant injection, the lymphocytic proliferative responses of LE and SD rats to phytohemagglutin (PHA) had no significant difference, whereas the response of LE rats to concanavalin A (ConA) was significantly lower than that of SD rats. In addition, a highly significant positive correlation was found between the absolute numbers of helper T cells and the lymphocytic proliferative response to PHA, and between absolute numbers of suppressor T cells and the lymphocytic proliferative response to Con A. We postulated high responder strain LE would have a defect in suppressor T lymphocytes leading to severe arthritis, while in low responder strain SD, adjuvant-activated suppressor T lymphocytes might reduce the severity of arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An immunohistochemical study of lymphocyte subsets and expression of glandular HLA-DR in labial salivary glands from patients with symptomatic xerostomia, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Lymphocyte subsets, T+6 cells and glandular expression of HLA-DR within labial salivary glands from patients with symptomatic xerostomia (n = 9), RA (n = 24) and SLE (n = 25) were studied using an immunoperoxidase method and monoclonal antibodies. The results indicate that common immune cellular reactions are involved in glandular changes irrespective of patient group and that the appearance of T+6 cells and glandular expression of HLA-DR are unlikely to play a role in initiation of lymphoid infiltration.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2001

Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that total blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocytes and their subsets in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with coexistent alveolitis are different from those in patients with PBC alone. Total blood and BAL lymphocytes and their subsets were evaluated in both types of patients and compared with a control group of normal healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 17 patients with well-documented PBC were divided into two groups: Group A--patients with coexisting alveolitis and Group B--patients with no alveolitis. Diagnosis was based on bronchoalveolar lavage. The control group consisted of healthy subjects. The lymphocyte subsets, including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD56 were identified in blood and BAL cytospin smears using specific monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: The percentage of CD3 and CD8 lymphocytes in BAL was significantly lower in a Group A, whereas the percentage of NK was significantly increased in group B as compared with the reference group. The percentage of blood CD4 lymphocytes in both subgroups of the PBC patients was significantly decreased as compared with the controls. The percentage of NK in both groups was significantly increased as compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between the blood and BAL lymphocyte subsets in both studies groups were similar. Therefore, we suggest that PBC is a systemic disease in which lymphocytic infiltrations are not limited to the liver but may also involve lungs and probably other organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Circulating and in situ lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells in patients with compositae oleoresin dermatitis and increased ultraviolet A sensitivity during treatment with azathioprine.

Circulating and in situ lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells in four patients with compositae oleoresin dermatitis and increased ultraviolet A sensitivity before and during treatment with azathioprine were estimated. It was found that the number of Leu 6+ Langerhans cells decreased during therapy. This decrease was accompanied by a reduction in the number of Leu 2a+, Leu 3a+, Leu 4+, DR+, and Leu M2+ cells in the blood and a reduction in the number of Leu 2a+, Leu 3a+, Leu 4+, and DR+ cells in the skin. Concomitantly with the changes in the number of immunocompetent cells, the eczema cleared.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

IL-8 gene expression and production in human peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets.

We have investigated IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 production in highly purified subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes. T cells stimulated with PHA, ionomycin, or PMA alone failed to express IL-8 mRNA. However T cells stimulated with a combination of PMA and ionomycin or PMA and PHA expressed IL-8 mRNA in a PMA dose-dependent manner and maximally after 3 to 6 h of culture. Induction of IL-8 mRNA appeared to be specifically in the CD4+ T cell subset. Surprisingly, however, T cells were not induced to secrete significant levels of IL-8 polypeptide, even in the presence of accessory monocytes. In addition, immunoprecipitation analysis of PMA/ionomycin-treated T cell lysates detected only minor levels of cellular IL-8 Ag thereby suggesting that in T cells, the production of IL-8 was inhibited at the posttranscriptional level. By contrast, CD3- large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were both induced to express IL-8 mRNA and secrete biologically active IL-8 upon specific stimulation with IL-2 and ligand (anti-CD16 mAb) for the NK cell receptor for IgG-Fc (CD16), or upon nonspecific stimulation with PMA. IL-2 and anti-CD16 mAb synergistically induced IL-8 expression in LGL. Other nonactivating LGL-specific mAb did not induce LGL IL-8 secretion. The amount of IL-8 produced by activated LGL was donor variable, but generally 5 to 10 times less than that secreted by monocytes. The ability of LGL to release IL-8 and a large number of other cytokines further supports the hypothesis that LGL may contribute to both inflammatory and immunologic responses.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Cytochemical profile of immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies.

Immunogold staining in combination with enzyme cytochemistry was used to determine the cytochemical profile of the immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subpopulations defined by the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, and OKM1 in normal peripheral blood. Leukocyte suspensions were first incubated with the monoclonal mouse antibodies and then with colloidal gold-labeled goat antimouse antibodies. The cells were fixed and cytocentrifuge preparations were made. Cytochemical reactions for the detection of peroxidase, acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase were performed on these preparations. Under light microscopy, lymphocytes reacting with the monoclonal antibodies had numerous dark granules around their surface membrane. In the cytoplasm the intracellular enzymatic activities were stained. The T-lymphocytes were characterized by a dot-like activity for the three enzymes. No significant difference could be found between the cytochemical profile of the T-helper (OKT4 positive) and T-cytotoxic suppressor cell populations (OKT8 positive). A few cells with lymphocyte morphology reacted with the OKM1 monoclonal antibody. Their cytochemical characteristics were different from those of mature T-cells (OKT3 population) or mature monocytes. From the comparison of their cytochemical characteristics, we can conclude that there is little correlation between the immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subsets defined by these monoclonal antibodies and those defined by Fc receptors.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Response of immunoregulatory lymphocyte subsets to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.

In an attempt to define the immunoregulatory mechanisms operating in rheumatoid arthritis, the authors examined peripheral blood functional lymphocyte subsets in 15 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who were not receiving remittive therapy, as well as 33 healthy controls. The percentage and absolute numbers of total T cells (CD3), T-helper/inducer cells (CD4), and T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8) did not differ among the groups, nor did the CD4:CD8 ratio or the numbers of T cells coexpressing CD4 and the activation markers Ia or IL-2R. However, rheumatoid arthritis patients did have reduced percentages and numbers of CD4+ cells coexpressing the 2H4 antigen (CD45R-naive T cells) (P less than .0003) and CD8+ cells coexpressing the Leu-15 (CD11b) marker (suppressor/effectors) (P less than .0005). Twelve patients then received oral methotrexate, 7.5 mg weekly. Most showed clinical improvement by 4 weeks and all did by 8 weeks. Although changes in the T-cell subsets were not statistically significant, several tended toward normalization. These findings may help explain the immunoregulatory defect in rheumatoid arthritis and the effectiveness of methotrexate in modifying disease activity.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

Electrophoretic fractionation of murine lymphoid cells. I. Enrichment of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets with distinct surface phenotypes.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of free-flow electrophoresis as a method for separating mouse lymphocyte subsets. The surface phenotype of the cells contained in the various fractions collected after electrophoresis of CBA/J lymph node cells was investigated by means of single- and 2-color flow cytofluorometry (FCF) analysis. In agreement with previous works, B cells (sIg+, Thy-1-) were found to segregate in the low mobility (LM) fractions and T cells (sIg-, Thy-1+) in the high-mobility (HM) fractions. While the mean fluorescence intensity of sIg staining did not significantly vary as a function of electrophoretic mobility (EPM) that of Thy-1 staining tended to decrease with increasing EPM. The distribution of Lyt-1+ cells was roughly parallel to that of Thy-1+ cells. However, 2-color FCF analysis suggested the existence, in addition to a major Thy-1+ Lyt-1+ subpopulation, of a minor subset of Thy-1- Lyt-1+ cells. Lyt-2+ cells made up a peak in the cathodic HM region where they were enriched by up to 3-fold, and a trail in the more anodic HM fractions. Two-color FCF analysis showed that all Lyt-2+ cells recovered in these various electrophoretic fractions expressed the Lyt-1 antigen. Taken together, these data demonstrate that free-flow electrophoresis provides a powerful tool for the delineation and substantial enrichment of phenotypically distinct mouse peripheral T cell subsets.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

T lymphocyte subsets, natural killer cell cytotoxicity and autologous mixed lymphocyte response in children after splenectomy because of hereditary spherocytosis.

Lymphocyte subpopulations and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) studied in 13 hereditary sphereocytosis and 21 postsplenectomy patients; the operation was performed because of hereditary spherocytosis. Significant increases of Th cells and the Th/Ts ratio have been noted in children with hereditary spherocytosis. Splenectomy because of spherocytosis has resulted in an increase in Ts cell number and diminution of Th/Ts ratio. Hereditary spherocytosis patients showed both diminished natural killer cell activity and AMLR proliferation. Splenectomy normalized the above parameters. The presented data demonstrated disturbances in T lymphocyte number and functions both before and after splenectomy in children with hereditary spherocytosis.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptor expression on CD4 T lymphocyte subsets in infants and adolescents.

HIV-1 infection alters expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 on CD4 T cells in adults, although an effect by virus on expression of coreceptor genes in pediatric subjects is unknown. We designed an exploratory study to evaluate surface expression of CXCR4 and CCR5 on CD45RA and CD45RO subsets of CD4 T lymphocytes from 17 HIV-1-infected infants and adolescents and 16 healthy age-matched individuals. While age in the absence of HIV-1 infection was unrelated to coreceptor expression, infection affected coreceptor expression differentially in infants and adolescents. Among infected adolescents, CCR5 and CXCR4 expression was significantly increased on CD4 CD45RO T cells, while CXCR4 was diminished in the CD4 CD45RA subset. Although HIV-1 infection in infants was also associated with increased CXCR4 expression on the CD4 CD45RO subset, in contrast to adolescents, infection in infants had no impact on coreceptor expression within the CD45RA CD4 subset. The proportion of CD4 T cells coexpressing CD45RA and CD45RO was increased by infection in both infants and adolescents. The CD45RA CD45RO subset in culture expressed high levels of CD4, CXCR4, and CD69, an early activation marker, and was highly susceptible to HIV-1 infection and replication. Infection of transitional CD4 T cells coexpressing CD45RA and CD45RO could contribute in part to provirus in either CD45RA or CD45RO subsets. Deleterious effects by HIV-1 infection on CD4 T cell homeostasis were greater in infants then adolescents, indicating that adolescence may be an optimal age group for assessing vaccines to prevent or treat HIV-1 infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Immunity assessment in the early stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a study of virus antibodies and lymphocyte subsets.

Serum and CSF from 32 patients with idiopathic ALS, 30 age-matched controls and 30 MS patients were investigated regarding immunoglobulin concentration and virus-specific antibodies, the lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and lymphocyte subsets were also investigated. ALS patients' results were compared with findings in MS and controls. The ALS patients had significantly higher IgG concentration in serum than the controls, marked lymphopenia, reduction of CD2, CD8 and Leu 7 positive cells and increase of the CD4/CD8 ratio and of SIg-positive lymphocytes. Compared with the MS patients, the ALS patients showed similarity in T-subset distribution with a lower standard deviation. No HTLV-I and HIV antibodies were found in any group and no significant differences in antibody distribution to Toxoplasma G, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, measles and mumps viruses were evident. All ALS patients were investigated at an early disease stage, therefore, our findings seem to support the conclusion that the immune alterations are related to the mechanisms of the disease and not to complications of its evolution.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[T-lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-5 and interleukin-10 expression in human nasal polyp tissue].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+ cells) and the expression of IL-5 and IL-10 protein-positive cells in nasal polyps. METHODS: The specimens of thirty-two nasal polyps and six control subjects were studied by Immunohistochemical method to detect CD4+, CD8+, IL-5+ and IL-10+ cells. A mean numbers of positive cells per high power field (10 x 40) were counted. All data were analyzed with t-test and correl-test. RESULTS: There were significantly large number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in nasal polyps (P < 0.001). A significant predominance of CD4+ cells over CD8+ cells was found in the two subgroups (subepithelia, arounding glands and blood vessels) of nasal polyp (P < 0.001). There were an abundant number of IL-5+ IL-10+ cells, whereas significantly difference higher concentrations than that in the controls (P < 0.001). IL-5+ cells were more than IL-10+ cells in nasal polyps (P < 0.05), and most of IL-5+ cells were plasmacytes and lymphocytes. There was a significant correlation between the counts of CD4+/CD8+ and IL-5+/IL-10+ in the subgroup of nasal polyps arounding glands and blood vessels (r = 0.78, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that CD4+ T-lymphocytes and IL-5 high expression may play an important role in the nasal polyps. Migration of plasmacytes and lymphocytes in polyps may participate in the inflammatory reaction. The disturbance of cellular and humoral immunity and imbalance of cytokines distribution may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Rapid analysis of lymphocyte subsets in cord blood.

Several investigators have enumerated cellular populations in neonatal cord blood with variable results. In this study, the authors established reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets in cord blood from healthy newborns using a whole blood lysis technique on the Coulter Immunoprep Epics Leukocyte Preparation System (Coulter Immunology, Hialeah, FL). All analyses were performed on a flow cytometer by gating on forward angle versus 90 degrees light scatter. Lymphocytes demonstrated all surface markers examined, including T4, T8, T3, T11, B1, NKH-1, I3, and 4B4; 2H4 suppressor inducer lymphocytes were prominent in neonatal blood. The authors think this standardized system may be suitable for use in neonatal and pediatric patients because it quickly processes small aliquots of whole blood with minimal sample manipulation.

Fetal Blood↗
PubMed1995

Lymphocyte subset counts in skin puncture and venous blood compared.

To determine whether skin puncture blood can be used reliably for CD4 lymphocyte counts, the numbers of the major subsets of lymphocytes were assessed in paired venous and skin puncture blood samples from 22 children and 10 adults. Paired values were highly correlated, with skin puncture values being about 7% higher than venous values for each cell type. Differences were of borderline statistical significance for total lymphocytes and for each subset except CD3+ CD8+ T lymphocytes. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the differences was small and unlikely to be of clinical importance, and it seems that skin puncture samples may be preferable for CD4 counts in children or adults with difficult venous access.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Human T-lymphocyte subset production of immune (gamma) interferon.

Human T micron, T gamma, and T PHI lymphocyte subpopulations have the capacity to respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro with proliferation and the production of a pH 2 and heat-labile gamma interferon. This occurs both when the subsets are isolated by direct rosetting techniques or by negative selection. Macrophages enhance the production of the gamma interferon by each lymphocyte subset and do not themselves produce gamma interferon in response to products of PHA-activated lymphocyte subsets. Thus our studies indicate that subpopulations of T lymphocytes known to differ with regard to morphology, surface receptors, RNA content, response to corticosteroids and X-irradiation, and other functional capabilities do not differ with regard to their capacity to produce gamma interferon.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Quantification and distribution of lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells in normal human oral mucosa and skin.

Normal human oral (check) mucosa was studied to discover whether the oral cavity resembles the Mucosal Immune System (MIS) or the Skin Immune System (SIS). Immunophenotypes of lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells (LC) with their exact locations in the epithelium and papillary layer of the normal buccal mucosa were determined and compared with data of normal human skin. In a double staining procedure, the distribution of T-lymphocytes in relation to blood and lymph vessels was determined. Immunophenotyping of LC was done with a CD1a monoclonal antibody. In contrast to the skin, T-lymphocytes in buccal mucosa are not primarily perivascular in location. They are more or less randomly distributed on both sides of the basement membrane. The epithelium of the buccal mucosa contains about 37 times as many T-lymphocytes as the epidermis of normal skin. T-cell numbers in the papillary layer are more or less comparable. The CD4/CD8 ratios of about 1/2 in the epithelium of buccal mucosa and 1/4 in the skin indicates preferential presence of the CD8 subset in both sites, but the helper/inducer T-lymphocytes play a much greater role in the epithelium of the buccal mucosa when compared with skin. B-lymphocytes were not found in the epithelium and papillary layer of the buccal mucosa. Thus, immune response associated cells in buccal mucosa do not show the MIS pattern since B cells are absent. It has more in common with SIS but differences are also apparent. In the epithelium of the buccal mucosa the density of LC does not differ significantly from that of the skin, but the papillary layer of the buccal mucosa contains significantly fewer LC than the skin. As in the skin most of the LC of the buccal mucosa are found in the epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The relationship between human T-lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies and by avidity differences to sheep erythrocytes.

By E-rosette sedimentation procedures and fluorescence activated cell sorting of monoclonal antibody-coated T lymphocytes, we have investigated the relationship between the human T lymphocyte subsets defined by the monoclonal antibodies against the T4 and T8 antigens and those defined by avidity differences to sheep erythrocytes. Through a correlation was demonstrated between the T4+ (inducer) cells and the high avidity ("active") T cells and between the T8+ (suppressor) cells and low avidity T cells, these subsets were far from identical, and it is concluded that the application of monoclonal antibodies represents another valuable and standardized approach for estimating T cell subsets.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lymphocyte subsets in HLA-DR2-positive narcoleptic patients.

On the basis of our recent finding that all narcoleptic patients were HLA-DR2 positive, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were examined in 30 HLA-DR2 positive narcoleptic patients by using monoclonal antibodies and a flow cytometry. The percentages of OKIa1+ cells and OKM1+ cells increased significantly, while no quantitative changes were observed in the T cell subsets examined in the present study. No major immunological abnormalities which altered the T cell subpopulations quantitatively were apparent in narcolepsy.

Adult↗