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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effects of pentaerythrityl-tetranitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate in experimental atherosclerosis.

This study was performed to determine whether long-term treatment with organic nitrovasodilators exhibit pharmacological effects on the development of atherosclerotic lesions and endothelial dysfunction in the cholesterol fed rabbit. The major finding of this study is that PETN, but not ISMN, decreases the extent of aortic intimal lesions and the development of endothelial dysfunction. In addition, 15 weeks of feeding a diet enriched with either PETN or ISMN did not induce a measurable extent of vascular in-vitro tolerance to the vasodilator activity of these drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Identification of asynergic but viable myocardium in patients with chronic coronary artery disease by gated blood pool scintigraphy during isosorbide dinitrate and low-dose dobutamine infusion: comparison with thallium-201 scintigraphy with reinjection.

To evaluate the ability of low-dose dobutamine and isosorbite dinitrate (ISDN) gated blood pool scintigraphy (GBPS) and thallium SPECT with reinjection to identify viability in asynergic myocardium, both procedures were performed in 38 consecutive patients with chronic coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Twenty-two of the 38 patients with successful revascularization were analyzed. GBPS was performed at the baseline and during continuous infusion of low dose dobutamine (5 micrograms/kg/min) and ISDN (2 micrograms/kg/min). Cine mode GBPS wall motion was scored from normal (0) to dyskinesis (4) semiquantitatively. Forty-seven of 110 segments with severe asynergy at the baseline were analyzed. Viability determined by GBPS was defined as wall motion score improvement by more than 1 grade. Thallium viability was defined as the segment with redistribution or fill in with severe initial perfusion defect. GBPS was 76.7% sensitive and 70.6% specific for predicting post vascularization wall motion improvement (p < 0.005). Of 47 segments with severe asynergy, concordance of judgement was obtained in 40 segments (85.1%), and reversibility was correctly diagnosed in 34 of 40 patients (85.0%), but thallium with reinjection correctly identified tissue viability in 6 of 7 segments with discordance between 2 studies. These data suggest that most cases of reversible asynergy (hibernating myocardium) respond to ISDN and dobutamine, suggesting the possibility of predicting improvement by revascularization, although some underestimation of tissue viability remained to be resolved. Thallium with reinjection is superior to low-dose dobutamine + ISDN GBPS for the assessment of myocardial viability.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Randomized controlled trial of vaginal misoprostol versus vaginal misoprostol and isosorbide dinitrate for termination of pregnancy at 13-29 weeks.

When compared to the use of 12 hourly 200 microg vaginal misoprostol on its own, the addition of a single dose of 5 mg did not significantly increase the abortion or delivery rate in pregnancy termination at 13-29 weeks gestation. All patients were given intravenous syntocinon at 30 mU/min from the first dose of misoprostol onwards.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) versus propanolol plus isosorbide mononitrate/nadolol (ISMN) in the prevention of variceal rebleeding: comparison of cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients.

Both EVL and drug therapy are effective in the prevention of variceal rebleeding. Comparisons between the two modalities are few, and only in cirrhotics. This prospective randomized controlled trial compared EVL with drug therapy (propranolol + ISMN) in the prevention of rebleeds from esophageal varices in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) patients. One hundred thirty-seven variceal bleeders were randomized to EVL (Group I; n = 71) or drug therapy (Group II; n = 66). In Group I, EVL was done every 2 weeks till obliteration of varices. In Group II, propranolol (dose sufficient to reduce heart rate to 55 bpm/maximum tolerated dose) and ISMN (incremental dose up to 20 mg BD) were administered. Group I and II patients had comparable baseline characteristics, follow-up (12.4 vs. 11.1 months), cirrhotics and noncirrhotics [50(70.4%) and 21(29.6%) vs. 51(77.3%) and 15(22.7%)] and frequency of Child's A (35 vs. 27), B (26 vs. 28), and C (9 vs. 11). The mean daily dose was 109 +/- 46 mg propranolol and 34 +/- 11 mg ISMN and was comparable in cirrhotic and NCPH patients. Upper GI bleeds occurred in 10 patients in Group I (5 from esophageal varices) and in 18 patients in Group II (15 from esophageal varices) (P = 0.06). The actuarial probability of rebleeding from esophageal varices at 24 months was 22% in Group I and 37% in Group II (P = 0.02). The probability of bleed was significantly higher in Child's C compared to Child's A/B cirrhotics (P = 0.02). On subgroup analysis, in NCPH patients, the actuarial probability of bleed at 24 months was significantly lower in Group I compared to Group II (25% vs 37%; P = 0.01). In cirrhotics, there was no difference in the probability of rebleeding between patients in Group I and those in Group II (P = 0.74). In Group II, 25.7% patients had adverse effects of drug therapy and 9% patients had to stop propranolol due to serious adverse effects, none required stopping ISMN. There were 10 deaths, 6 in Group I (bleed related, 1) and 4 in Group II (bleed related, 1); the actuarial probability of survival was comparable (P = 0.39). EVL and combination therapy are equally effective in the prevention of variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients. EVL is more effective than drug therapy in the prevention of rebleeds in patients with NCPH and, hence, recommended. However, in view of the small number of NCPH patients, further studies are needed before this can be stated conclusively.

Adult↗