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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effects of post-training lesions in the hippocampus and the parietal cortex on idiothetic information processing in the rat.

Dead reckoning can be defined as the ability to navigate using idiothetic information based on self-movement cues without using allothetic information such as environmental cues. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hippocampal and parietal cortex lesions on homing behavior using dead reckoning in rats. Experimentally naive Wistar rats were trained with a homing task in which rats were required to take a food pellet from a cup in the arena and to return home with the pellet. After training, rats were divided into a control (CONT) group (n = 16), hippocampal lesioned (HIPP) group (n = 16), and parietal cortex lesioned (PARC) group (n = 16), and rats in the lesioned groups underwent surgery. After surgery, Test 1 (with four cups) and Test 2 (with one cup but the outgoing path was diverted by a barrier) were conducted. The HIPP group showed severe impairment in homing, but the performance of the PARC group did not differ from that of the CONT group. HIPP rats either approached wrong doors or ate the pellet in the arena. Circular statistics showed that homing directions of CONT and PARC rats showed concentration towards home, whereas those of HIPP rats did not. Our results exhibiting HIPP rats' failure in homing agree with many previous studies, but the results obtained from PARC rats were different from previous studies. These results indicate that the intact hippocampus is important for dead reckoning, but the role of the parietal cortex in dead reckoning is still not clear.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Differences in semantic information processing in schizophrenics.

Well-established findings in schizophrenics suggest that they have difficulties in interpreting contextual information. We used electrophysiological means to investigate this hypothesis. The N 400 paradigm was used in 29 acute schizophrenic patients and 28 controls. The main findings were a changed topographical distribution of amplitude in the schizophrenic group; that is, a reduced amplitude at the frontal sites and a pronunciation at the occipital sites. We did not find latency differences. When remitted patients (n = 17) were reinvestigated, a negative correlation of the amplitude to the total amount of neuroleptics used was found. These results are discussed in relation to structural and functional findings supporting the hypofrontality hypothesis in schizophrenia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

A radiologic reporting system for computer-aided diagnosis with associated database. Hokkaido University Diagnostic Information Processing System--HDIPS.

A reporting system which assists radiologists reporting on medical images and calculates alternatives of probable diseases was developed with proven applicability for CT and ultrasonography. The diagnostic information found by radiologists in various types of images is managed as a database in the reporting system and is also transferred to a medical record database, the HIS (Hospital Information System) of Hokkaido University Hospital. The reporting system supports both data conversion and transfer to the host computer of the HIS. The system has processed about 20,000 reports over the last 5 years. Here we present the efficiency of producing reports, the structure of the database, and the hit ratio of calculated diagnoses in this system.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

The effects of haloperidol upon temporal information processing by patients with Tourette's syndrome.

Tourette's syndrome patients treated successfully with haloperidol, untreated patients, and healthy controls were studied with tests of temporal discrimination and measures of transmitted information shown previously to be sensitive to brain dysfunction. Untreated patients showed no impairment of temporal processing while those treated with haloperidol showed significant deficit in amount of transmitted information comparable to prior studies of brain syndromes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Information processing in assembly tasks--a case study.

In a surface wiring task the terminals of electrical components are connected by wires according to a wiring list. This series of experiments examined one such task in a batch assembly environment where production runs are short. The findings show that information theory is a good predictor of performance, that different sources of information within the task are processed in different ways, and that considerable symmetric transfer can be expected between different batches.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

[A method of processing information on cineangiography of the right ventricle].

This paper describes our experience in making a programme for computer processing of biplane right ventricular cineangiography for the measurement of volumes and analysis of wall motion. The volumes were determined by a method of integration to the geometric model of a triangular pyramid i.e. trunco-pyramidal (IM.TP). The classical ellipsoidal integration method i.e. trunco-conal (IM.TC) and biplane and monoplane planimetry based on the model of a triangular pyramid (PM.TP) were used as references. Nineteen post-mortem RV casts were used to validate the programme. The correlations between the true volumes and the angiographic measurements were excellent (r = greater than 0.99) with both methods of integration, very good (r = 0.99) using the biplane PM.TP and very satisfactory (r = 0.91) with the monoplane PM.TP. The line of regression was very close to unity with the IM.TP and 0.9 with the PM.TP; this indicates the excellent adaptation of the triangular pyramid model to the shape of the RV. The IM.TP was used in a group of 20 right ventriculographies of patients without cardiac disease: the following results were obtained: EDV = 70.3 +/- 6.6 cm3/m2; ESV = 31.7 +/- 3.9 m3/m2; systolic index = 38.6 +/- 4.5 cm3/m2; ejection fraction = 0.55 +/- 0.04. The correlation of the values of systolic index by cineangiography and thermodilution (39.9 +/- 5.7 cm3/m2) was good (r = 0.86; p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Volume↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of deaf and hearing subjects in visual nonverbal sensitivity and information processing.

This investigation compared deaf and hearing subjects in the degree of accuracy with which they can perceive visual nonverbal information about people, their short-term recall of visual information and the extent to which they focus on different parts of the body. Subjects were asked to gauge information about relationships between people shown in photographs and later to indicate what they remembered from the photos. Neither group demonstrated a statistically significant advantage in accuracy or recall. When comparing the reasoning processes used by the two groups to arrive at their conclusions it was found that deaf subjects were more than twice as likely as hearing subjects to base their judgments upon hand and arm behavior.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1979

Inverse relationship of the velocities of perceived time and information processing events in the brain: a potential bioassay for neural functions: a hypothesis.

The velocity of elapsing time is not a constant but a relativistic component in the space-time continuum as postulated by Albert Einstein in his general and special relativity theories. The hypothesis presented here is that there is a biological corollary to relativity theory. It is postulated that biological time perception is also not a constant but is related by an inverse relationship between the velocities of neural processing events and perceived elapsing time. A careful analysis of this relationship may potentially offer a sensitive bioassay to determine the integrity of regional brain function under normal conditions and in the presence of specific disease processes. The mechanism for the biological basis of this theorem depends on the presence of a neural circuit developed through evolution which monitors overall brain efficiency and is coordinately linked to neural time perceiving circuits. Several test approaches are presented to validate the hypothesis of biologic time relativity compared to the rate of neural processing.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

From balance regulation to body orientation: two goals for muscle proprioceptive information processing?

This study was based on the assumption that the central processing of proprioceptive inputs that arise from numerous muscles contributes to both awareness and control of body posture. The muscle-spindle inputs form a "proprioceptive chain" which functionally links the eye muscles to the foot muscles. Here, we focused on the specific contribution of two links in the control of human erect posture by investigating how proprioceptive messages arising from ankle and neck muscles may be integrated by the central nervous system. Single or combined mechanical vibrations were applied to different muscle tendons at either one (ankle or neck) or both (ankle plus neck) body levels. The amplitude and the specific direction of the resulting oriented body tilts were analyzed by recording the center of foot pressure (CoP) through a force platform with four strain gauges. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) the vibration-induced whole-body tilts were oriented according to the muscles stimulated; furthermore, the tilts were in opposite directions when neck or ankle muscles on the same side of the body were stimulated; (2) except for the ankle antagonist muscles, co-vibrating adjacent or antagonist muscles at the same body level (ankle or neck) resulted in body sways, whose orientation was a combination of those obtained by stimulating these muscles separately; and (3) likewise, co-vibrating ankle and neck muscles induced whole-body postural responses, whose direction and amplitude were a combination of those obtained by separate vibration. We conclude that the multiple proprioceptive inputs originating from either one or both body levels may be co-processed in terms of vector-addition laws. Moreover, we propose that proprioceptive information from ankle and neck muscles may be used for two tasks: balance control and body orientation, with central integration of both tasks.

Adult↗