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PubMed2005

Aortic dissection with extension to a patent ductus arteriosus.

An 81-year-old woman presented with shortness of breath and fever of 3 days duration. An enhanced CT of the chest revealed a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) communicating with the true lumen of an aortic arch dissection. Neither the aortic dissection nor the PDA was suspected. The patient had no history of a connective tissue abnormality or other condition which would predispose to dissection other than systemic hypertension. It is likely that propagation of the aortic dissection partially re-opened the ductus arteriosus.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed1987

Neutron activation analysis of trace elements in human hair: effect of dietary and environmental factors.

Effect of environment and dietary habits on trace element contents in human scalp hair has been investigated in the present work. Trace elements were detected with neutron activation technique. It was found that diet and environment contribute largely towards the trace elements in human body. Further trace elements Te, Lu, Ba, Cs, Yb, Re, Hf, In and Ir were detected for the first time in human scalp hair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Subarachnoid haemorrhage due to a dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery: a case report.

Dissecting aneurysms of the intracranial carotid circulation are becoming increasingly recognised as a cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage. We present a case where SAH caused by anterior cerebral artery dissection was diagnosed on a repeat angiogram and successfully treated by surgical trapping. Diagnosis may be difficult as angiographic signs may be subtle and variable. Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment is important, as the re-bleed rate is high.

Adult↗
PubMed1966

Inhibition of coliphage reproduction after superinfection of induced lysogens.

Brenner, Don J. (University of Washington, Seattle), and Neal B. Groman. Inhibition of coliphage reproduction after superinfection of induced lysogens. J. Bacteriol. 92:1727-1734. 1966.-Purified preparations of phages lambda and lambda112 inhibited lysis, phage reproduction, and endolysin synthesis by ultraviolet-induced strains of K-12 (lambda) and K-12 (lambda112). Structural and partial functional integrity of phage was required for inhibition, and the role of phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in inhibition was demonstrated. Both ultraviolet-irradiated and host-modified lysates of lambda were inhibitory, suggesting that replication of superinfecting phage DNA was not essential for inhibition. Using various combinations of superinfecting and resident phage, including lambda, 434, 434hy, and C-mutant derivatives, we observed that all three C region cistrons played some role in inhibition. Of the three, the C(1) cistron was the most critical. With certain phage combinations, inhibition was observed even though the resident and superinfecting phage differed in immune specificity. Both the medium and the method of superinfection determined whether lysis or lysis inhibition would occur. These and other observations with K-12(lambda)thy(-) indicated that many factors influence the outcome of superinfection. The data are compatible with the view that superinfection inhibition is due to the establishment or re-establishment of phage repressor activity, with the result that replication of both superinfecting and resident phage is blocked.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1982

Effects of interferon on growth rate and radiation sensitivity of cultured, human glioma cells.

The influence of interferon (IFN) on the growth rate and on the radiation sensitivity of 2 human tumour cell lines was investigated. The 2 glioma cell lines (U-118 MG and U-251 MG) were continuously exposed to IFN (100 U/ml) in the culture medium. Irradiation (3 Gy) was performed either on the first day of IF treatment or on day 14 of IFN treatment. The growth delay induced by the treatments was analysed. The results indicated that IFN had an anti-proliferative effect on the 2 cell lines. However, this effect declined during the treatment and after 2 to 3 weeks of continuous IFN treatment, both cell lines had re-established their original growth rate. IFN did not seem to affect the sensitivity of the cells to radiation. Only an additive effect could be observed.

Cell Line↗
PubMed2002

[A case of multicentric Castleman's disease with multiple pulmonary nodules].

A 55-year-old woman visited our hospital for further examination of abnormal shadows on chest radiographs. Her routine chest radiograph showed two nodular shadows in the right lower lung field. A chest CT scan revealed other nodules, small patchy shadows in both lung fields, and enlargement of the mediastinal lymphnodes (#2, 3). Laboratory data showed polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia. This case was initially considered on the basis of a transbronchial lung biopsy to be a plasma cell granuloma. However, serum gammaglobulin levels gradually increased, and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed to aid in making a definite diagnosis. Biopsy specimens revealed lymphoid follicles with plasma cells which were stained with both anti-kappa chain and anti-lambda chain antibodies. The patient was treated with prednisolone (50 mg/day), and the serum gammaglobulin level and the shadows on the chest CT were temporarily slightly improved. During the clinical course, her laboratory data and histological specimens were re-examined, and the final diagnosis was multicentric Castleman's disease.

Castleman Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Computed tomography in injuries to the respiratory system in children. The correlation with adults].

INTRODUCTION: Diagnostic imaging in emergency rooms may be inadequate and delayed, which makes chest traumas in children more severe and difficult to treat. We carried out a retrospective study on adults and children who had survived major chest traumas involving the respiratory tract to assess the differences between the two age groups and the role of emergency CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our series consisted of fourteen children admitted to the emergency department for various accidents. Home accidents prevailed (9/14 = 64.3%). On admission, chest radiography was performed in most cases (11/14 = 78.6%); CT was carried out in 21.4% (3/14 patients). RESULTS: Trauma involved more organs in pediatric patients (11/14 = 78.6%) and lung involvement was always associated with other types of injury, namely contusion (14/14 = 100%), pneumothorax (11/14 = 78.6%), hemothorax (10/14 = 71.4%), tear (4/14 = 28.6%). CT corrected or integrated the radiographic findings of contusion focus in 67% (8/14) and that of pneumothorax in 63.6%; both patterns cannot be demonstrated otherwise. DISCUSSION: Mixed and multiple posterior parenchymal injuries with no rib fractures prevail in young subjects because their bones and ligaments are more elastic, which may lead to trauma underestimation. Tracheobronchial ruptures and pneumomediastinum are much more severe in children than in adults. Chest plain film is often the only diagnostic tool used, despite its major technical and interpretative limitations, also because skull and abdomen are the most investigated regions. Executive limitations are stronger in childhood, increasing the margin of error and the risk of delayed treatment. CT is as cost-effective as radiography and shows even the injuries missed or poorly depicted on conventional images; CT also gives accurate information on damage severity and nature. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic injuries are more severe in pediatric patients due to their build and to biomechanical, clinical and management factors. Spiral CT should be considered the examination of choice to be performed in the emergency department equipped also for pediatric re-animation.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1997

A Triad of Variable-Valent Rhenium Aldimine and Amide Systems Interrelated by Successive Oxygen Atom Transfer.

The title systems are Re(V)OCl(3)(RA), 1, Re(III)(OPPh(3))Cl(3)(RA), 2, and Re(IV)(OPPh(3))Cl(3)(RB), 3, where RA is a 2-pyridinecarboxaldimine, p-RC(6)H(4)N=CHC(5)H(4)N, and RB(-) is the corresponding 2-picolinamide, p-RC(6)H(4)NC(=O)C(5)H(4)N(-) (R = H, Me, OMe, Cl). Controlled reaction of ReOCl(3)(PPh(3))(2) with RA affords 1, which is converted to 2 upon reaction with PPh(3). The oxidation of 2 in aqueous media by Ce(4+) or H(2)O(2) furnishes 3. The X-ray structure of 1 (R = Me) has revealed meridional ReCl(3) geometry, the oxo atom lying trans to the pyridine nitrogen of chelated MeA. The metal atom is displaced by 0.35 Å toward the oxo atom from the ReCl(3)N(aldimine) plane. The couples 2(+)/2 (E(1/2) approximately 0.3 V vs SCE), 3(+)/3 (E(1/2) approximately 1.3 V), and 3/3(-) (E(1/2) approximately -0.5 V) are observable electrochemically. The conversion 1--> 2 follows a second-order rate law with a large and negative entropy of activation ( approximately -40 eu). The reaction is proposed to proceed via nucleophilic attack by the phosphine on Re=O; the observed effects of R and phosphine variation on the rate are consistent with this. In the conversion of 2 to 3, the active species is 2(+), the stoichiometry of the reaction being 32(+) + H(2)O --> 22 + 3 + 3H(+). The amide oxygen in 3 originates from the water molecule. The reaction follows a second-order law, and the entropy of activation is large and negative, approximately -30 eu. The rate-determining addition of water to the aldimine function is believed to afford an alpha-hydroxy amine intermediate which undergoes induced electron transfer and associated changes, affording 3. Crystal data for ReOCl(3)(MeA) are as follows: empirical formula C(13)H(12)Cl(3)N(2)ORe; crystal system triclinic; space group P&onemacr;; a = 7.136(4) Å, b = 8.329(5) Å, c = 14.104(9) Å, alpha = 73.88(5) degrees, beta = 76.35(5) degrees, gamma = 85.64(5) degrees; V = 782.5(8) Å(3); Z = 2.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

3-Fluoropiperidines and N-methyl-3-fluoropiperidinium salts: the persistence of axial fluorine.

It has previously been shown that the fluorine atom in N-protonated 3-fluoropiperidine salts in water strongly prefers the axial orientation in the six-membered ring chairs. In the present work we examine the proposition that the N-methyl salts are equally disposed to present axial fluorine. Initially, we explored this point by comparing the structures of the corresponding NH2+, NHMe+, and NMe2+ salts by means of density functional theory (DFT), ab initio, and MMFF force field calculations with and without aqueous solvation models. The predictions unambiguously pointed to axial fluorine for all salts investigated, including those with simultaneous axial F and (N)Me. The calculations were followed by synthesis of the corresponding series of 4,4-diphenylpiperidinium salts. These were evaluated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy in [D6]DMSO to fully corroborate the axial disposition of the fluorine in each of the compounds. X-ray crystal structure determinations were likewise performed for the diphenyl-3-fluoro NH2+ and NMe2+ systems to substantiate axial-F. Comparison of the X-ray structures of the fluorinated and unfluorinated NMe2+ salts reveals that the fluorine resides axial in spite of substantial steric compression. While the charge-dipole phenomenon responsible for the axial-F conformation in the parent protonated fluoropiperidinium compounds carries over to doubly alkylated salts, we show that it extends to molecular orientation in the packing of the unit cells in the solid state as well. Finally, using the computational methods that successfully motivated our synthesis and structural work, we have made predictions for a number of new structures and re-examined some parallel results reported by the Eliel group in the early 1970s. Although C-F...H-N hydrogen bonds are reported to be weak and few in number, the CF...HN charge-dipole orienting effect is a powerful directing force that matches the hydrogen-bond in both its energetic contribution and conformational consequences.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed2003

RefDB: a database of uniformly referenced protein chemical shifts.

RefDB is a secondary database of reference-corrected protein chemical shifts derived from the BioMagResBank (BMRB). The database was assembled by using a recently developed program (SHIFTX) to predict protein (1)H, (13)C and (15)N chemical shifts from X-ray or NMR coordinate data of previously assigned proteins. The predicted shifts were then compared with the corresponding observed shifts and a variety of statistical evaluations performed. In this way, potential mis-assignments, typographical errors and chemical referencing errors could be identified and, in many cases, corrected. This approach allows for an unbiased, instrument-independent solution to the problem of retrospectively re-referencing published protein chemical shifts. Results from this study indicate that nearly 25% of BMRB entries with (13)C protein assignments and 27% of BMRB entries with (15)N protein assignments required significant chemical shift reference readjustments. Additionally, nearly 40% of protein entries deposited in the BioMagResBank appear to have at least one assignment error. From this study it evident that protein NMR spectroscopists are increasingly adhering to recommended IUPAC (13)C and (15)N chemical shift referencing conventions, however, approximately 20% of newly deposited protein entries in the BMRB are still being incorrectly referenced. This is cause for some concern. However, the utilization of RefDB and its companion programs may help mitigate this ongoing problem. RefDB is updated weekly and the database, along with its associated software, is freely available at http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca and the BMRB website.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Clinical and tomographic findings in vascular dementia.

Vascular dementia (VD) may arise as a sequel to any form of cerebrovascular disease. Since only some patients with cerebrovascular disease will eventually develop dementia, we studied the morphological and clinical findings associated with dementia in cerebrovascular patients. The relationship between these factors and the dementia syndrome was evaluated in 25 patients with VD, and 68 non demented subjects with a history of cerebral ischemic attacks. We found that VD was significantly associated with white matter lesions and atrophy on CT-scan, and a high prevalence of frontal lobe symptoms and signs.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Structure of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli: comparison of the Mn(2+)*2-phosphoglycolate and the Pb(2+)*2-phosphoenolpyruvate complexes and implications for catalysis.

The crystal structure of the phenylalanine-regulated 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) from Escherichia coli in complex with Mn(2+) and the substrate analog, 2-phosphoglycolate (PGL), was determined by molecular replacement using X-ray diffraction data to 2.0 A resolution. DAHPS*Mn*PGL crystallizes in space group C2 (a=210.4 A, b=53.2 A, c=149.4 A, beta=116.1 degrees ) with its four (beta/alpha)(8) barrel subunits related by non-crystallographic 222 symmetry. The refinement was carried out without non-crystallographic symmetry restraints and yielded agreement factors of R=20.9 % and R(free)=23.9 %. Mn(2+), the most efficient metal activator, is coordinated by the same four side-chains (Cys61, His268, Glu302 and Asp326) as is the poorly activating Pb(2+). A fifth ligand is a well-defined water molecule, which is within hydrogen bonding distance to an essential lysine residue (Lys97). The distorted octahedral coordination sphere of the metal is completed by PGL, which replaces the substrate, 2-phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), in the active site. However, unlike PEP in the Pb*PEP complex, PGL binds the Mn(2+) via one of its carboxylate oxygen atoms. A model of the active site is discussed in which PEP binds in the same orientation as does PGL in the DAHPS*Mn*PGL structure and the phosphate of E4P is tethered at the site of a bound sulfate anion. The re face of E4P can be positioned to interact with the si face of PEP with only small movement of the protein.

3-Deoxy-7-Phosphoheptulonate Synthase↗
PubMed2002

Crystine: fibrous biomolecular material from protein crystals cross-linked in a specific geometry.

Cysteine substitutions were engineered on the surface of maltose binding protein to produce crystine fibers, linear polymers of folded protein formed within a crystal. Disulfide bond formation between adjacent protein molecules within the lattice was monitored by X-ray crystallography. The cross-linked crystals were resistant to dissolution in water or neutral buffer solutions, even though the cross-linking was one-dimensional. However, crystine fibers were observed by transmission electron microscopy to dissociate from the crystals in acidic solutions. Some fibers remained associated as two-dimensional bundles or sheets, with a repeat unit along the fibers consistent with the packing of the individual protein molecules in the crystal. Neutralization of the acidic solutions caused the fibers to re-associate as a solid. Crystine threads were drawn out of this solution. In scanning electron microscopy images, many individual fibers could be seen unwinding from the ends of some threads. Crystine fibers are a new type of biomolecular material with potential applications wherever the use of proteins in a fibrous form is desirable, for example, the incorporation of enzymes into cloth or filtration material.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed2004

Crystal structure of the L intermediate of bacteriorhodopsin: evidence for vertical translocation of a water molecule during the proton pumping cycle.

For structural investigation of the L intermediate of bacteriorhodopsin, a 3D crystal belonging to the space group P622 was illuminated with green light at 160 K and subsequently with red light at 100 K. This yielded a approximately 1:4 mixture of the L intermediate and the ground-state. Diffraction data from such crystals were collected using a low flux of X-rays ( approximately 2 x 10(15) photons/mm2 per crystal), and their merged data were compared with those from unphotolyzed crystals. These structural data, together with our previous data, indicate that the retinal chromophore, which is largely twisted in the K-intermediate, takes a more planar 13-cis, 15-anti configuration in the L intermediate. This configurational change, which is accompanied by re-orientation of the Schiff base N-H bond towards the intracellular side, is coupled with a large rotation of the side-chain of an amino acid residue (Leu93) making contact with the C13 methyl group of retinal. Following these motions, a water molecule, at first hydrogen-bonded to the Schiff base and Asp85, is dragged to a space that is originally occupied by Leu93. Diffraction data from a crystal containing the M intermediate showed that this water molecule moves further towards the intracellular side in the L-to-M transition. It is very likely that detachment of this water molecule from the protonated Schiff base causes a significant decrease in the pKa of the Schiff base, thereby facilitating the proton transfer to Asp85. On the basis of these observations, we argue that the vertical movement of a water molecule in the K-to-L transition is a key event determining the directionality of proton translocation in the protein.

Bacteriorhodopsins↗
PubMed1975

Damage-repair studies of the DNA from X-irradiated Chinese hamster cells.

Sedimentation studies of the DNA-containing material released from Chinese hamster cells lysed on top of an alkaline sucrose gradient have shown these principal points: (1) After short lysis periods (e.g. approximately 60 min, approximately 25 degrees C), the DNA label from unirradiated cells sediments as a two-peaked pattern. The relative positions of these peaks are strongly dependent on centrifugal force. (2) With increasing lysis time, DNA lost from one peak (the "complex", the peak containing lipid) appears in the other (the "main peak"). (3) The same transition is effected, for a given lysis time, if prior to lysis cells are X-irradiated with small doses (from 100 to 700 rads). Since such doses are in the high survival range (approximately 80% to approximately 3%, respectively), an association between damage to the complex and survival is suggested. And (4) the cosedimentation of lipid and DNA in the complex is lost after doses that resolve the complex into main-peak DNA, while postirradiation incubation for repair results in a re-formation of the complex plus cosedimentation of lipid and DNA once again.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1994

Arthrodesis of the trapeziometacarpal joint.

Over a 10-year period, 32 trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint fusions were performed in 29 patients, and reviewed. Pin fixation with tension band wiring was used in 14 cases, screws in eight cases, a plate in six cases, K-wires in three cases and staple fixation in one case. None was bone grafted. Splinting was applied for 4 to 5 weeks. There were four cases of delayed union (more than 2 months) and four cases of non-union requiring re-operation (12.5%). The average follow-up was 6 years and 7 months. Grip (26.5 kg) and pinch (4.9 kg) strength were respectively 7% and 18% less than the normal contralateral side. In bilateral osteoarthritis, grip and pinch were stronger than the contralateral side. Joint angulations measured on X-ray films showed for the peritrapezial joint an 18 degrees arc in flexion-extension (a reduction of 64% compared to the contralateral side) and 11 degrees of arc in abduction-adduction (a reduction of 72%). MP joint mobility increased in extension (160%), in flexion (23%), in abduction (120%), in adduction (157%). Despite the marked decrease in motion, subjective functional complaints were minimal. 78.1% of the patients were fully satisfied, 15.6% partly satisfied, and 6.3% dissatisfied. Pain was absent in 50% of the cases and very mild in 40.7%. Three patients complained of discomfort. Eight patients were noted to have osteoarthritic changes in the scaphotrapezial joint.

Adult↗