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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Disposition of the plant phenol ellagic acid in the mouse following oral administration by gavage.

1. The absorption, distribution and elimination of 3H-ellagic acid, a putative antimutagen and anticarcinogen, was studied in male Swiss-Webster mice following oral administration. 2. Levels of 3H-ellagic acid were highest in blood 30 min after administration, in urine and bile 120 min post-administration, and in liver, lung and kidney 15 min after administration [corrected]. 3. Free ellagic acid and its conjugates were present in urine, bile and blood. H.p.l.c. analysis of the organic solvent extracts of urine, bile and blood indicated the presence of four metabolites in urine, two in blood and one in bile. 4. Sulphate ester, glucuronide and glutathione conjugates of ellagic acid were present in urine, bile and blood. H.p.l.c. analysis of organic solvent extracts after aryl sulphatase or beta-glucuronidase treatment showed that ellagic acid was the major component present. 5. Absorption of 3H-ellagic acid occurred mostly within two hours after oral administration. Levels in blood, bile and tissues were low and almost all of the absorbed dose was excreted in urine. 6. More than 53% of the orally administered 3H-ellagic acid remained in the gastrointestinal tract at 24 h. Approximately 19% was excreted in faeces and 22% in urine at 24 h. 7. Of the 24 h faecal radioactivity 93% was extractable into organic solvents and more than 80% of this fraction was free ellagic acid. Only one metabolite was found in faeces.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and efficacy of a new pediatric enteral product in the young child.

Children who are unable to maintain an intake of energy and nutrients adequate to meet their needs for growth and maintenance of nutritional status require modifications in feeding. A new pediatric enteral product (PediaSure) was formulated to meet the nutrient needs of children 1 to 6 years of age in a volume that can be tolerated. We designed a noncontrolled, nonrandomized study to evaluate the suitability of this product in young children with respect to growth, protein status, metabolic responses, and gastrointestinal tolerance. Fourteen chronically disabled children were fed the study formula for 12 weeks, receiving daily at least 90% of their estimated energy requirements. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were obtained throughout the study period. Weight, weight for age, length, weight index, triceps skin fold thickness, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference, and mid-arm muscle area all increased over the study period. Gastrointestinal tolerance and acceptance of the study formula were excellent; there were no clinically significant changes in the biochemical measurements. This study demonstrates that PediaSure is both safe and efficacious in the maintenance of the nutritional status and the promotion of growth in chronically disabled children who require specialized nutritional support.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2005

[A case of acute gastric volvulus in a child].

Gastric volvulus is an abnormal rotation of the stomach around its axis. The acute form is a surgical emergency, which doesn't tolerate any therapeutic delay. We report on a case in a young girl, revealed by painful epigastric mass and distended gastric bubble on abdominal X-ray. This case was been successfully treated by detorsion and gastropexy. The clinical picture of gastric volvulus is characterised by the Borchardt triad of symptoms: upper abdominal pain, vomiting and difficulty to pass a nasogastric tube. The gastrointestinal barium series and CT-scan help to confirm the diagnosis. As was demonstrated in this case, the treatment is surgical by reducing the volvulus and fixing the stomach to prevent recurrence.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2004

Pharmacokinetics of DA-7867, a new oxazolidinone, after intravenous or oral administration to rats: intestinal first-pass effect.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of DA-7867 were dose independent after both intravenous administration and oral administration (at doses of 1 to 20 mg/kg of body weight) to rats. After oral administration of DA-7867 to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg, approximately 8.27% of oral dose was not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, F was 70.8%, and approximately 21.8% of the oral dose was eliminated by the intestine (intestinal first-pass effect).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A gastroduodenal probe].

The methods to examine several gastrointestinal organs have been developed using a new probe. The probe is useful in analyzing the basal and stimulated gastric juice, duodenal contents of A and B groups according to the first method, secretion of the pancreas in order to detect pancreatic enzymes (trypsin, amylase, lipase), and gastric juice (basal and stimulated secretion) following the second method.

Duodenum↗
PubMed1989

Enteral nutrition. Indications, formulas, and delivery techniques.

Enteral nutrition has proved to be the route of choice for delivery of dietary needs to patients with functioning gastrointestinal tracts. Because of the wide variety of available formulas, it is essential for nurses to be aware of the specific indications for each. In addition, the route of delivery and the type of tube selected can significantly affect the success of nutritional support. Nurses can and should play important roles in the design and implementation of successful enteral nutritional support.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoroscopically guided feeding tube insertion for relief of postoperative gastrointestinal anastomotic obstruction and leakage.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of feeding tube insertion and enteral feeding for the treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal anastomotic obstruction and leakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 1999 to June 2002, thirty-four cases of postoperative gastrointestinal anastomotic obstruction and leakage after surgery for gastric carcinoma were treated by insertion of a feeding tube under fluoroscopic guidance. Twenty-one patients were male and 13 were female. The patients' ages ranged from 39 to 74 years (mean age: 61 years). All the patients experienced vomiting, and 15 patients had anastomotic site or duodenal stump leakage. We evaluated the feasibility of feeding tube insertion for enteral feeding to improve the obstruction and facilitate leakage site closure, and the patients' nutritional benefit was also evaluated by checking the serum albumin level between pre- and post-enteral feeding via the feeding tube. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (94%) were successfully managed by feeding tube insertion, but the remaining two were not managed, and this was due to severe angulations at the anastomotic site. The procedure times for feeding tube insertion ranged from 15 to 60 minutes (mean time: 45 minutes). Twenty-eight patients experienced symptomatic relief of gastrointestinal obstruction, and they were able to resume a normal regular diet after feeding tube removal. Three patients underwent stent insertion due to recurrent symptoms, and one patient underwent jejunostomy feeding due to the presence of a persistent leakage site. Eleven patients achieved leakage site closure after enteral feeding via a feeding tube. The serum albumin level was significant, increased from pre-enteral feeding (2.65 +/- 0.37 g/dL) to the post-enteral feeding (3.64 +/- 0.58 g/dL) via the feeding tube (p < 0.001). The duration of follow-up ranged from one to 53 months (mean: 23 months). CONCLUSION: The insertion of a feeding tube for enteral feeding under fluoroscopic guidance is safe, and it provides effective relief from gastrointestinal anastomotic site obstruction and leakage after gastric surgery. Moreover, our findings indicate that feeding tube insertion for enteral feeding may be used as the primary procedure to treat postoperative anastomotic obstruction and leakage.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of gastrostomy tube replacement verification using air insufflation versus gastrograffin.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety of air insufflation as a contrast medium for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube replacement verification with that of the more traditional method using positive contrast material (gastrograffin) under fluoroscopic guidance. DESIGN: Retrospective case series comparing 2 radiographic procedures used for PEG tube verification at a rehabilitation hospital. The first series reviewed studies of patients over 1 year, during which the method of choice for PEG tube replacement verification was with air insufflation. The second series reviewed studies of patients over the subsequent year, during which the method of choice for PEG tube replacement verification was with gastrograffin. SETTING: An inpatient rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen patients and 29 PEG tube replacements were identified that used air insufflation and 17 patients and 19 PEG tube replacements were identified that used gastrograffin. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical complications in a 2-week follow-up period as a result of the verification procedures. RESULTS: There were no cases in either of the replacement procedures in which the PEG tube was found to not be in the gastrointestinal system. There was also no evidence at 2-week follow-up that any of the patients' complications were the result of either procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The air contrast procedure appears to be a relatively safe alternative procedure for PEG tube replacement verification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Postgastrostomy tube deformity on upper GI series.

Three cases are presented in which a focal concave deformity occurred along the greater curvature of the stomach on upper gastrointestinal (GI) series. These patients all had recent removal of a surgically placed gastrostomy tube from a similar location. This deformity appears to be related, at least in part, to invaginated gastric mucosa intentionally produced during surgical gastrostomy tube placement. This association and appearance should be noted as it may mimic other lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Enhanced absorption of calcium after oral administration of maltitol in the rat intestine.

The enhancing effects of maltitol (alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-sorbitol) on absorption of calcium by the rat intestine have been studied by use of [45Ca]CaCl2 in-vivo. After intragastric administration of [45Ca]CaCl2 solution with maltitol, plasma 45Ca concentration remained at the maximum level for more than 80 min, whereas for animals given [45Ca]CaCl2 solution without maltitol, plasma 45Ca concentration declined sharply after the peak. Determination of 45Ca radioactivity remaining in the various segments of the gastrointestinal tract revealed that administration of maltitol elicited slower gastric emptying and slower intestinal transit, resulting in extensive 45Ca distribution along the small intestine throughout the experimental period. The luminal contents of the small intestine were significantly higher in rats given maltitol than in the control group. These results suggest that the enhancing action of maltitol on intestinal calcium absorption could be attributed to reduced gastrointestinal calcium transit and increased luminal fluid content, presumably because of the osmotic activity of maltitol; this would not only accelerate the dissolution of calcium into the increased luminal contents, but also enable a larger area of the small intestine to absorb calcium for a longer period of time.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

[Application of percutaneous trans esophageal gastro-tubing (PTEG) in to home care for a patient with terminal stage of gastric cancer].

PURPOSE: Since 1994, we devised and have continued to develop a percutaneous trans esophageal gastro-tubing (PTEG) as an effective technique to drain gastrointestinal contents of critical patients suffering from gastric carcinoma. Here we report our satisfactory experience with a critical gastric cancer patient for whom we improved QOL by the application of the PTEG technique. The patient suffered from severe stenosis or obstruction of the digestive tract. This method was found to be effective enough to enable the patient to receive further medical care at home. CASE: The patient was a 36-year-old female who had far-advanced, inoperable gastric carcinoma. It was therefore decided to use the PTEG method. METHOD: The PTEG method was performed using a rupture-free balloon (RFB) catheter to drain the gastrointestinal contents. A reservoir-port for IVH use was embedded to control the patient's nutrition. A morphine hydrochloride suppository was then given for the pain. REMARK: PTEG was found to be effective, safe and simple; moreover, it is a less-invasive, intestine-maintaining method, which enabled the patient to continue receiving further medical treatment at home.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Studies of the enterohepatic circulation of morphine in the rat.

The disposition of 14C-morphine was studied after gastrointestinal and subcutaneous administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats. Morphine was found to be rapidly and nearly completely absorbed from the small intestine. After s.c. administration, approximately half the 5 mg/kg dose of morphine was excreted via the bile into the intestinal tract, largely as morphine glucuronide. Unlike morphine, the glucuronide conjugate in bile was poorly absorbed from the small intestine where its hydrolysis occurred slowly. After administration into the cecum, however, hydrolysis of the conjugate was rapid, and the rate of absorption of radioactive material was similar to that of free morphine. Treatment of rats with lincomycin (500 mg/1 in drinking water and 25 mg twice a day by gastric intubation for 4 days) significantly decreased cecal hydrolysis of the conjugate and the cecal absorption of radioactive material. Lincomycin treatment also increased fecal excretion of the conjugate in rats given morphine s.c. (5 mg/kg). These findings indicated that hydrolysis of morphine glucuronide is dependent upon the status of enteric bacteria and is a prerequisite to the enterohepatic circulation of morphine. In addition, after lincomycin treatment, a greater percentage of radioactivity excreted in the urine was associated with free morphine. This finding could be expained by the demonstration of pH dependence of renal excretion of morphine and a first-pass effect for this drug.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1987

Acute gastric dilatation after trauma.

During a 2-year period, 248 consecutive patients were admitted with multiple trauma. Acute gastric dilatation was documented in 67 (27%) patients by review of all admission roentgenograms. There were 51 (76%) males and 16 females. Ages ranged from 2 to 80 years (mean, 29.2 years). The incidence of acute gastric dilatation in children was 44% vs. 25% for adults (p less than 0.05). The mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident in 45 (67%), agricultural accident in 8 (12%), fall in four (6%), bicycle accident in four (6%), and miscellaneous in six (9%). There were 38 orthopedic, 35 craniocerebral, 34 abdominal, 31 thoracic, 27 maxillofacial, and 14 spinal injuries. Injury Severity Scores ranged from 4 to 66 (mean, 23.5). Thirteen (19%) patients presented in shock and there were four (6%) hospital deaths. No death was attributable to gastric dilatation. Nasogastric tubes were placed in 41 (61%) patients and 26 were managed without tube placement. Complications associated with acute gastric dilatation included pulmonary aspiration in three (4%) patients, gastric hemorrhage in three (4%), gastrointestinal perforation in one (1%), and prolonged ileus in 12 (18%). In addition, gastric dilatation rendered abdominal examination difficult and delayed peritoneal lavage. Acute gastric dilatation after trauma is frequent in our rural trauma center. Early placement of a nasogastric tube in the absence of a clear contraindication is strongly supported in the management of multiply injured patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Percutaneous sonographic gastrostomy: method, indications, and problems.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the application of ultrasound (US) guidance in the percutaneous placement of gastric feeding tubes in patients in whom endoscopic placement of a nutrition tube is not possible. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with upper gastrointestinal obstruction were entered in a prospective study with US-guided nutrition tube application. Feasibility of placement, side effects, and nutritional states were monitored for a mean follow-up of 4 months. RESULTS: Ultrasound allowed rapid puncture after filling of the stomach with water through a nasal tube in 34/38 cases. In four cases a total upper gastrointestinal obstruction required an initial stomach insufflation through a direct puncture. Puncture-related major complications were not observed. Minor complications during the observation time were one late dislocation, five cases with broken material after about 6 months (four could be changed by using the Seldinger technique), and two minor local infections. The nutrition through feeding tubes stabilized body weight and body composition parameters. CONCLUSION: The percutaneous sonographic gastrostomy (PSG) is a safe and minimally invasive procedure for enteral nutrition in all cases with upper gastrointestinal obstruction when endoscopic placement of a feeding tube is not possible. Percutaneous sonographic gastrostomy may help to stabilize the nutritional parameters and general condition in patients with malignant diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Extended indications for enteral nutritional support.

With the availability of an organized nutrition support team (NST), the use of enteral nutrition (EN) can be extended to patients who would have otherwise received parenteral nutrition (PN). Although the formulation and accuracy of nutrient intake seems easier with PN, it is accepted that EN is cost effective and advantageous and should be used whenever possible. We discuss three cases in which the NST was initially consulted to provide PN. After evaluation by the dietitian, gastrointestinal access was obtained by the NST physician and EN could be initiated. The case studies show that an organized NST consisting of knowledgeable members can extend the use of EN to patients who would have otherwise received PN. The cost saving of such an approach and its efficacy in clinical practice are obvious.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Gastrointestinal absorption of pravastatin in healthy subjects.

The bioavailability of pravastatin, a hypocholesterolmic agent, may be enhanced by decreasing its exposure to stomach contents, where it may be converted nonenzymatically to a relatively inactive metabolite. The pharmacokinetics of pravastatin and its metabolite were determined after infusion of pravastatin directly into the stomach (locus for greatest bioavailability for the metabolite), duodenum (greatest bioavailability for pravastatin), jejunum, or ileum. An enterically coated formulation of pravastatin may increase its bioavailability.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anastomosis of intracolonic bypass tube by the use of EEA stapler. An experimental study.

The intracolonic bypass is a procedure that prevents the gastrointestinal secretions and fecal contents from coming in contact with an anastomotic closure site without interrupting the intraluminal continuity of the fecal flow from proximal to distal colon. Experimental and clinical data have indicated that the intracolonic bypass can protect such an intestinal anastomosis in the presence of a maximal colonic loading, dehiscences and fecal peritonitis. An experimental technique of implanting an intracolonic bypass tube with the EEA stapler in the colon is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Is nasogastric tube decompression necessary after major abdominal surgery in children?

Nasogastric (NG) decompression has traditionally been used after major abdominal surgery in pediatric patients. This study was designed to determine if NG tubes could be routinely omitted in pediatric patients undergoing major abdominal procedures. Between January 1993 and December 1995, 83 patients had follow-up prospectively without NG decompression after a variety of major abdominal surgeries. NG tubes were inserted for persistent vomiting or abdominal distension. Exclusion criteria included bowel obstruction, intestinal atresia, and perforation of the stomach or duodenum. Ages ranged from 13 days to 22 years. Seventy-four patients (89%) were treated successfully without postoperative NG decompression. There were no cases of pneumonia, wound dehiscence, anastomotic leak, or delay in return of gastrointestinal function. Nine patients required NG tubes for persistent vomiting or abdominal distension. An anastomotic leak developed in one patient after endorectal pull-through. NG decompression is unnecessary after most major abdominal operations in pediatric patients. The endorectal pull-through may represent a group of patients that benefit from routine decompression.

Adolescent↗