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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Teaching mentally handicapped adults how to use a cafeteria.

This study taught three moderately to severely mentally handicapped women skills to enable them to make use of cafeterias. While some work has been carried out in this area (e.g. Marholin et al., 1979; Van den Pol et al., 1981; Desai, 1983), it has not established whether hospital-based individuals with this level of handicap and no previous experience of cafeterias can be taught how to use them. A role-playing procedure was used during training with in vivo assessments being carried out before and after training. An in vivo generalization assessment was also conducted. Training was found to be successful with the skills taught transferring to the real life situation and subjects' improved performance, in the majority of the skill areas, generalizing to a 'new' cafeteria which had a completely different system of use.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neuro-developmental study of profoundly mentally handicapped children in hospital care.

Swedish estimates of the need for long-term intensive health care provision for profoundly mentally handicapped children were compared with an Edinburgh survey, and the neurodevelopment and health characteristics of Edinburgh children with profound mental handicap who required prolonged admission are described. The extent of their disabilities indicates the complexity of the task of designing alternatives to their present hospital provision which will adequately meet their health needs.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

Overview of a research programme designed to address key issues in the planning and delivery of services for people with mental handicap.

This paper describes the programme of mental handicap research funded by the UK Department of Health, which addresses issues of policy, planning and service delivery of key interest to all involved professionals. The author is manager of the research programme and the research discussed covers the provision of good community residential care, hospital contraction, costs, other services in the community, supporting children with mental handicaps at home with their families, and the special needs of certain groups.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

The effects of music therapy on a group of profoundly mentally handicapped adults.

An investigation of the effects of music therapy on profoundly mentally handicapped adults is reported. The therapy was directed at achieving specific objectives for individuals and the study compared the efficacy of music therapy and play activities in achieving these objectives. Four subjects out of the 12 included in the therapy groups were studied intensively. All subjects received both treatments in a reversal design with 20 weekly sessions of each treatment. Videotapes of the treatment sessions were analysed using a time-sampling method to record the occurrence of behaviour indicating the achievement of the individual treatment objectives. Staff behaviour in the treatment sessions was also observed to investigate the role of staff attention in mediating the treatment effects. The observations of staff behaviour showed that, overall, there was less individual attention given during music therapy than in play sessions, that there was a much greater role differentiation among the staff present in the music therapy groups and that individual clients in the groups received markedly unequal amounts of staff attention. For all four subjects studied in detail, some differences in behaviour were shown between the treatments and most, but not all, of these differences indicated greater effectiveness of music therapy. For one subject showing higher performance in play sessions than in music therapy, this could be attributed to a higher level of staff attention for this subject. The differences in favour of music therapy could not be accounted for in this way. It is concluded that music therapy is a useful treatment approach with profoundly handicapped people.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Antiepileptic polypharmacy, psychosocial behaviour and locus of control orientation among mentally handicapped adults living in the community.

The relationship between psychosocial behaviour, antiepileptic regime (polytherapy compared to monotherapy) and seizure frequency was explored in a sample of mentally handicapped adults living in the community. Locus of control perceptions were studied in relation to seizure frequency. Antiepileptic polypharmacy was found to have a detrimental effect upon psychosocial functioning independent of seizure frequency, which is itself a risk factor for social disturbance; and external perceptions of locus of control predominated. The distribution of drugs used is reported. These results are discussed in the context of implications for future research in the areas of coping, mental handicap and antiepileptic pharmacotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Incest and mental handicap.

This is probably the first retrospective study of an adult mentally handicapped population of incestuous parentage. Eleven known incestuous unions were identified with 38 offspring, of whom 15 were admitted to the Stoke Park group of hospitals. Incest and its legal definition in different societies are considered. The effects of close inbreeding on mortality, morbidity, mental function and adoption are examined. The study also reaffirms that incest is one of the causes of mental handicap in a high percentage of offspring.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

AIDS: education and adults with a mental handicap.

At present, there is a lot of concern about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Efforts are being made to educate the public about AIDS, so that individuals can take precautions against acquiring or transmitting the disease. Many people with a mental handicap may not benefit from the current education campaign because of limitations in their general understanding and poor or non-existent reading skills. Two cases are presented to illustrate the difficulties encountered in educating people with a mental handicap about AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Staff perceptions of sadness among people with mental handicaps.

This study investigated the use of an informant behaviour checklist to examine carestaff perceptions of sadness among a hospital population of people with mental handicaps. Using Cohen's kappa statistic there were only three checklist items which had acceptable levels of inter-rater agreement (physical aggression, crying and verbal abuse) with no significant variation in the incidence of those behaviours according to the severity of mental handicap. The findings suggest that future research might attend to concepts of sadness among carestaff and their ability to identify sad emotional states in a reliable manner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Development of diurnal bladder control in severely and profoundly mentally handicapped residents.

At two time points, separated by an interval of 7 years, the level of diurnal bladder control of 198 severely and profoundly mentally handicapped individuals was assessed. A slight, but statistically significant increase of bladder control between the two time points was found. Difference scores of level of control were submitted to an ANOVA. Age at admission and duration of institutionalization proved to be related to individuals' level of diurnal bladder control. The results were discussed in relation to the use of toilet training procedures with mentally handicapped individuals.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1992

Violence, death and associated factors on a mental handicap ward.

The characteristics of all the patients admitted to a high-dependency mental handicap ward over a 21-month period were examined. The patients that had been responsible for acts of violence on the ward were compared with those who had not. Violent patients were significantly younger and more likely to have an abnormal electroencephalogram. Meningoencephalitis as the aetiology of mental handicap was over-represented in the violent group. The level of violence was alarmingly high with 620 violent incidents over 21 months (30 per month). Four patients accounted for 74% of the violence and two of these four patients suffered sudden, unexpected deaths. The relationship between violence and sudden death is examined, and the implications of pharmacological intervention with anticonvulsants for violent patients with abnormal electroencephalogram results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Behaviour and psychiatric disorders of people with mental handicaps living in the community.

Psychiatric and behavioural disorders were found to be relatively common in a sample of 318 individuals with a mental handicap living in the community. Many of those referred for psychiatric assessment had other non-psychiatric problems. The presence of these other needs has been recognized, and had led to the emergence of a distinct group of professionals, therapists and support staff with whom psychiatrists need to liaise to devise an adequate and effective care plan. This study also highlights the need for the development of a methodology for assessing psychiatric disorders in people with a mental handicap.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Down's syndrome and other mentally handicapped adults living in the community.

To find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the mentally handicapped, 183 subjects living in the community were studied; 58 of whom had Down's syndrome. It was found that 70.58% of males and 95.83% of females with Down's syndrome, and 49.29% males and 62.96% females from other mentally handicapped subjects, were categorized as overweight and obese, compared with 40% of males and 32% females in that category from normal population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Recurrent neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a man with mild mental handicap.

A case of recurrent neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) occurring in a 29-year-old man with mild mental handicap and a superadded psychotic disorder is described. The case illustrates a number of unusual features such as recurrent episodes and resolution with administration of intravenous Procyclidine. The possibility of NMS occurring in people with mental handicap, who have a high level of neuroleptic drug prescription, must be borne in mind.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A preliminary analysis of environmental variables affecting the observed biobehavioural states of individuals with profound handicaps.

Recently, various researchers have recommended investigation of biobehavioural states as a worthwhile endeavour toward providing a more valid assessment of students with profound handicaps. To date, the research conducted in this area has largely focused on the biobehavioural state variable in isolation. This pilot study was conducted to examine the relationships between environmental variables and biobehavioural state variables. Six students with profound handicaps were selected as subjects and observed during normal daily school routines. The investigators discovered significant relationships between the students' prior state, position, grouping type of staff cue given, the proximity of the staff and type of activity stimulus provided, and the students' biobehavioural states. A discussion of the results and recommendations for future research are provided.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Kallmann's syndrome and mental handicap.

A case of Kallmann's syndrome is reported in a 62-year-old mentally handicapped man with clinical and laboratory characteristics of the syndrome. The literature is reviewed and the possible associations with mental handicap explored.

Aggression↗
PubMed1993

Visual problems in people with severe mental handicap.

The incidence of visual problems in people with mental handicaps is very high. Nine severely mentally handicapped patients were studied. Several objective and subjective optometric tests were performed. The results showed the presence of different kinds of visual problems that were compensated for by optical methods. The subjects showed a general change in their behaviour. It is essential to give optometric care to such people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Medical and psychiatric needs of adults with a mental handicap.

This study describes the assessment of the medical and psychiatric needs of adults with a mental handicap recently resettled in community facilities including 'staffed houses'. No statistically significant differences were found for behaviour problems and psychiatric diagnosis prior to resettlement and one year after. However, increased use of primary care and expert psychiatric service were found following the resettlement. Clinical and service issues in relation to successful maintenance of people with mental handicap in the community are discussed.

Adolescent↗