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PubMed2000

Rhinolith of the nasal septum.

We report an unusual case of rhinolith in the nasal septum in an 11-year-old girl. The rhinolith was detected on X-radiographs made for the planning of an orthodontic treatment. There were no symptoms like nasal obstruction, chronic infection or epistaxis in the young patient. The histopathologic examination after surgical removal showed hyaline cartilage, local fibrosis and pronounced hemosiderosis, indicating possible prior bleeding. Therefore, an endogenic etiology of the intraseptal rhinolith, e.g. a prior trauma of the nasal septum, is assumed. A review of the literature is included.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1983

Iron overload of spleen, liver and kidney as a consequence of hemolytic anaemia.

Iron overload in spleen, liver and kidney induced by hemolytic anaemia due to a 90-day oral exposure of rats to diuron (N-3,4-dichlorphenyl-N,N-dimethylurea), an urea herbicide, was studied by histochemistry, transmission electronmicroscopy, morphometry and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Increasing dosages of diuron provoked a hemosiderosis in the spleen followed by erythrocytic sequestration and the formation of haemopoietic foci coinciding with Kupffer cell siderosis of the liver. A strong enlargement of the spleen red pulp on the one hand faces an unchanged total white pulp volume as well as no alterations of the white pulp microscopic structure on the other. The electron dense bodies of the endothelial cells did not contain iron whereas hepatocytes possess two types of lysosomes, homogeneous iron containing ones at the sinusoidal site and complex structured ones without detectable iron at the biliary site. The formation of the homogeneous lysosomes is suggested to be due to the hepatocytic reception of hemoglobin-haptoglobin-complexes after intravascular hemolysis. The lysosomes of the biliary site seem to be engaged in hemoglobin degradation. A partial nephrohydrosis due to hemosiderotic events in succession of intravascular hemolysis including hemoglobin reabsorption from the primary urine could be observed. It is assumed that exocytosis might play a major role in hemosiderin removal from kidney tubule cells.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subacute toxicity of several ring-substituted dialkylanilines in the rat.

Aniline, o-toluidine, 2,4-dimethylaniline, 2,6-dimethylaniline, 2,6-diethylaniline, 2,6-methylethylaniline, 2,6-diisopropylaniline, and methylene-bis-2,6-diisopropylaniline were administered to male Fischer 344 rats daily for 5, 10 or 20 days. Histopathologic evaluation of selected tissues revealed splenic congestion, increased hematopoiesis and hemosiderosis, and bone marrow hyperplasia in aniline- and o-toluidine-treated animals. These changes, characteristics consistent with enhanced erythrocytic destruction, were not observed in any of the dialkylaniline-treated animals. Hepatoxicity, characterized by biliary hyperplasia, periacinar vacuolar degeneration, hepatocytic cloudy swelling and periacinar necrosis, was observed in methylene-bis-2,6-diisopropyl-, aniline- and 2,4-dimethylaniline-treated animals. Multifocal discrete areas of necrosis were also observed in livers of animals treated with the latter compound. There were no histopathologic changes which could be attributed to any of the alkylanilines studied in kidney, esophagus, trachea, thyroid, parathyroid or urinary bladder.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1993

Liver disease patterns in hemodialysis patients with antibodies to hepatitis C virus.

The present study correlated histopathology and diagnostic tests in hemodialysis patients with serologic markers for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C virus infection was found in 65 of 163 patients, as assessed by anti-c100-3 (ELISA 1), anti-c22-3, c33C (ELISA 2), and RIBA 2. Several histopathologic patterns were found in 33 liver samples from HCV-positive individuals: cirrhosis (n = 3), chronic active hepatitis (n = 14), chronic persistent hepatitis (n = 2), isolated hemosiderosis (n = 5), reactive hepatitis (n = 6), and others (n = 3). There was a positive correlation between time from the first aminotransferase peak and histologic damage (P = 0.015). However, the severity of liver disease did not correlate with the intensity of RIBA 2 positivity, mean levels or pattern of aminotransferases elevation, or markers of past hepatitis B virus infection. Moreover, aminotransferases were persistently normal in three patients with severe liver disease and were elevated in 10 patients with only mild changes. In 19 biopsied patients, the presence of plasma HCV RNA was examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was positive in 15 of the 19 biopsy specimens. The ability of PCR positivity to predict the histologic severity of the disease was insufficient: four patients with minor liver damage had positive PCR and two patients with significant liver damage had negative PCR. No further correlations of PCR positivity were found with the other biochemical or immunologic markers of HCV infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed2003

[Alveolar hemorrhage associated with intestinal inflammatory disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis].

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is characterized by diffuse bleeding into alveolar spaces. Three histopathological patterns may be seen: 1) pulmonary capillaritis due to immunological aggression to the membrane, 2) diffuse alveolar damage within the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 3) and "bland" DAH without alveolar or capillary damage. In the first two groups, pulmonary damage usually occurs within the context of a systemic disease. In the last, injury is usually found only in the lung, an entity called pulmonary hemosiderosis. We present a case of DAH with neither capillaritis nor diffuse alveolar damage in association with inflammatory bowel disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis. The case is interesting both because the association has not yet been described in the literature and because the presence of alveolar bleeding without evident tissue damage within the context of known autoimmune diseases may extend the field to include a new pathophysiological mechanism of pulmonary hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Presumptive Babesia ovis infection in a spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica).

On December 29 1995, a 13-year old, male Spanish ibex was easily captured by hand, with depression, weakness and severe tick infestation, mainly in the periocular and auricular regions. Blood and serum samples were collected and haematological analysis and serum iron levels were determined. Red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were decreased and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased (macrocytic-hypochromic anemia). Serum iron and transferrin saturation were decreased and total and unbound iron-binding capacity were increased. Piroplasms were observed within parasitized erythrocytes and presumptively identified as Babesia spp. Ticks were identified exclusively as Ripicephalus bursa. The animal was treated with imidocarb but died after 15 days of capture. Histopathological examination revealed congestion of pulmonary capillaries and spleen, glomerulonephritis, hemoglobinuric nephrosis and generalized hemosiderosis. An indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed using a Babesia ovis isolate of ovine origin as antigen and the animal was positive with a titre of 1:640.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Radiologic-pathologic correlation in focal cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly in 18 children.

To describe the radiologic-pathologic correlation in children who underwent epilepsy surgery for medically intractable epilepsy with pathologically confirmed focal cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly, we conducted a retrospective review on the magnetic resonance imaging and pathology of 18 children (10 boys and 8 girls). The preoperative MRIs were reviewed by one neuroradiologist who did not know the radiologic diagnosis and the pathology reports. MRI revealed focal cortical dysplasia (10), hemimegalencephaly (3), hamartomas (2), polymicrogyria (1), pial hemosiderosis (1), and no abnormality (1). Pathologic examination revealed focal cortical dysplasia (9), forme fruste of tuberous sclerosis (5), hemimegalencephaly (3), and focal cortical dysplasia with mesial temporal sclerosis (1). MRI was accurate in making the preoperative diagnosis in 16 out of 18 patients. On MRI, 12 patients had abnormal gyral formation and 12 had abnormal cortical thickness. Eleven patients manifested loss of gray-white differentiation, and 11 patients had abnormal signal on T(2)-weighted image. Pathologically, 15 patients had neuronal heterotopia, 12 had misalignment or disorientation of neurons, 11 had large neurons, and 10 had abnormal cortical lamination. The presence of ectopic and large neurons and abnormal cortical lamination may be responsible for the MRI characteristics.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

[Management of hemoptysis in children].

Hemoptysis in children are infrequent and often self-limiting. They are a manifestation of the broader spectrum of pulmonary haemorrhage. Diffuse pulmonary haemorrhages are often associated with diseases of other organs (cardiopathies, systemic diseases). Focal haemorrhages have multiple aetiologies, dominated by bronchopulmonary infections and cystic fibrosis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy allows one to localise the bleeding, look for local causes and diagnose pulmonary hemosiderosis by BAL. For local lesions and if the medical management fails, bronchial arteriography is indicated to perform the embolisation of the bleeding vessels.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

[Pulmonary gas transfer in pediatrics (carbon monoxide and dioxide)].

UNLABELLED: In pediatrics, measurements of gaseous transfer in steady-state (SS) are easily applied. Nevertheless, interpretation of results is uncertain because predicted values depend on numerous metabolic and ventilatory parameters. In healthy subjects, the only invariant parameter of reference, beside the blood gas, is the CO uptake (VCO) when normalized by the reject of CO2 (VCO2). Theoretically, a deficit of VCO/VCO2 (VCOSpecifique = SpVCO) should not be observed on a young asthmatic in remission. Such a deficit should be due to either a circulatory impairment of the "gas-exchanging organ" or an alveolary ventilation failure. However, the respiratory equivalent for CO2 (V/VCO2) increases in case of hyperventilation. When not observed at rest, hyperventilation can occur at exercise, that can again induce a non specific bronchitic hyperreactivity. AIM: To define links: 1) between the spirometry of the young asthmatic and the value of ERCO2 and CO tests; 2) between a circulatory anomaly and the value of SpVCO. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The asthmatic adolescents aged between 10 and 20 were separated from infants (age < 10) and classified in three degrees of spirometrical alteration according to the maximum expiratory flow when 25% of the forced vital capacity remains in the lung (V25) and the residual volume (RV); 48 adolescents were examined at rest and 17 were exercising on a cyclo-ergometer. Two adolescents with circulatory anomaly, one by idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH), the other by agenesia of the left lung were examined at rest and exercise. RESULTS: In asthmatics at rest the three degrees of spirometric alteration differed from one another in ERCO2 and classical CO tests; SpVCO alone was not altered at rest or during exercise. However the deficit of SpVCO, confirmed during the exercise, was significant in HPI. CONCLUSION: Simple and quick simultaneous measurements of (FICO-FECO) and FECO2 allows one to detect hyperventilation of young asthmatic subjects at rest and during exercise, or can confirm a circulatory anomaly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The time course of responses to intratracheally instilled toxic Stachybotrys chartarum spores in rats.

Stachybotrys chartarum is a fungal species that can produce mycotoxins, specifically trichothecenes. Exposures in the indoor environment have reportedly induced neurogenic symptoms in adults and hemosiderosis in infants. However, little evidence has linked measured exposures to any fungal agent with any health outcome. We present here a study that focuses on quantitatively assessing the health risks from fungal toxin exposure. Male, 10 week old Charles River-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with approximately 9.6 million Stachybotrys chartarum spores in a saline suspension. The lungs were lavaged 0 h (i.e., immediately post-instillation), 6, 24 or 72 h after instillation. Biochemical indicators (albumin, myeloperoxidase, lactic dehydrogenase, hemoglobin) and leukocyte differentials in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and weight change were measured. We have demonstrated that a single, acute pulmonary exposure to a large quantity of Stachybotrys chartarum spores by intratracheal instillation causes severe injury detectable by bronchoalveolar lavage. The primary effect appears to be cytotoxicity and inflammation with hemorrhage. There is a measurable effect as early as 6 h after instillation, which may be attributable to mycotoxins in the fungal spores. The time course of responses supports early release of some toxins, with the most severe effects occurring between 6 and 24 h following exposure. By 72 h, recovery has begun, although macrophage concentrations remained elevated.

Albumins↗
PubMed1994

The transgenic SAD mouse: a model of human sickle cell glomerulopathy.

The transgenic SAD mouse which expresses a modified sickle hemoglobin, Hb SAD, displays in vivo hemoglobin polymerization and erythrocyte sickling. In the presence study functional and morphological renal analyses were performed in SAD mice in order to compare the renal pathology of SAD mice with the human disease. The SAD mice display renal hemosiderosis, microvascular occlusions, vascular thrombosis, cortical infarcts and papillary necrosis. In the medulla, hemoglobin polymers could be observed with infrequent erythrocyte sickling, which may explain the absence of significant renal concentration defect, whereas in humans, the difference in the vascularization network leads to more extensive sickling. Most animals develop glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial sclerosis which increases in frequency and severity with age. The glomerular damage is associated with functional defects, including increased blood urea nitrogen levels and non-selective proteinuria. The glomerular lesions of SAD mice strikingly mimic sickle cell glomerulosclerosis, the most severe renal complication of sickle cell disease in humans. In summary, the SAD mouse is a valuable model of the thrombotic and glomerulosclerotic complications of human sickle cell glomerulopathy and can serve for pathophysiologic studies, and, eventually, for prevention and therapy investigation.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed2000

Subcision: a treatment for cellulite.

BACKGROUND: Cellulite is a common clinical condition, with few proven effective therapeutic options. Subcision is a surgical technique that is useful in treating advanced degree cellulite. This study was designed to determine the usefulness of the treatment of cellulite by subcision. METHODS: From January 1995 to January 1998, 232 female patients, aged 18-52 years, with cellulite on the thighs and buttocks were treated on an outpatient basis by the subcision technique. RESULTS: In the postoperative period, all the patients had pain, bruises, and hemosiderosis. An improvement in the surface depressions was observed and the patients reported a high degree of satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: This outpatient procedure is effective in the correction of surface depressions on the thighs and buttocks, clinically classified as cellulite.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Functional hemispherectomy in children.

Functional hemispherectomy, indicated for the control of pharmacologically refractory seizures, has been used at the Montreal Neurological Hospital since 1974. We have used this technique in 18 children suffering from intractable seizures secondary to conditions such as infantile hemiplegia, chronic encephalitis, head trauma, cerebrovascular accident, brain dysplasia and Sturge-Weber angiomatosis. None has developed superficial cerebral hemosiderosis often seen following the classical anatomical hemispherectomy. Eighty-two per cent (82%) of patients have been seizure-free since hospital discharge while another 11.5% have had at least 80% reduction in their seizure frequency. Most patients have shown an improvement in their intellectual capacity and sociability.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and p-cresidine in the p53 heterozygous mouse model.

The carcinogenic potential of chlorpromazine hydrochloride, a psychotropic agent, was assessed in the p53 heterozygous mouse assay. In a 4-week dose range finding study in p53 wild-type mice, doses of 20,40, 60, and 80 mg/kg were poorly tolerated because of mortality secondary to the severe sedative and hypotensive effects of chlorpromazine. Based on 40% mortality at a dose of 20 mg/kg in the dose-range finding study, a high dose of 10 mg/kg was chosen for the 26-week carcinogenicity study in p53 heterozygous mice. Doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg chlorpromazine hydrochloride were well tolerated in the 26-week study. The administration of chlorpromazine hydrochloride at dose levels up to and including 10 mg/kg to p53 heterozygous and wild-type mice did not result in a dose-related increase in tumor incidence or in the type of tumors seen in comparison to controls. Findings related to the administration of chlorpromazine in the 26-week study were limited to minimal uterine and ovarian atrophy in p53 wild-type mice dosed with 10 mg/kg chlorpromazine hydrochloride. However, p53 heterozygous mice administered 400 mg/kg p-cresidine, a genotoxic carcinogen commonly used as a positive control for this model, developed urinary bladder tumors. Administration of p-cresidine also resulted in a regenerative anemia, splenic and hepatic hemosiderosis, renal findings, and ovarian and uterine atrophy. This study demonstrated that chlorpromazine hydrochloride, at the doses tolerated, was not carcinogenic in the p53 heterozygous mouse assay.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Subacute inhalation toxicity of 2-chloro-4-toluidine in rats.

This article addresses results from a 4-wk inhalation exposure study in Wistar rats with the vapor and/or aerosol atmospheres of 2-chloro-4-toluidine. Groups of 10 rats/sex were nose-only exposed to mean analytical concentrations of 19.1, 115.1, and 702.3 mg/m3 using an exposure regimen of 6 h/day and 20-22 exposures within a time period of 4 wk. These concentrations were selected based on results from a repeated 5 x 6 h/day pilot study using concentrations of 27.1, 104.8, 381.6, and 1283.7 mg/m3. In a single 4-h exposure study at the maximum tested concentration of 7620 mg/m3, 1 of 10 female rats succumbed (no mortality in males), while no mortality occurred at 3293 mg/m3. In the 1- and 4-wk studies mortality occurred at 1283.7 and 702.3 mg/m3, respectively. Rats exposed for 4 wk to 702.3 mg/m3 displayed characteristic signs of toxicity that included cyanosis, respiratory distress, and significantly decreased body weights. Rectal temperatures were significantly decreased at 115.1 mg/m3 and above. Dark and enlarged spleens occurred at 702.3 mg/m3. At this concentration, prominent treatment-related effects included methemoglobinemia, reticulocytosis, red blood cells with Heinz bodies, decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts. Borderline evidence of erythrocytotoxicty was noticed at 115.1 mg/m3 (based on a minimal increase in Heinz bodies). Spleen and liver weights were significantly increased at 702.3 mg/m3, whereas the thymus weight was decreased at 115.1 mg/m3 and above. Microscopic changes were found in the spleen (hemosiderosis) at 702.3 mg/m3. An atrophy of the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavities occurred at 115.1 mg/m3 and above. Clinical pathology revealed changes pathognostic of hepatic effects, although microscopic examinations did not reveal any specific changes. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the 4-wk study was 19.1 mg/m3 and is based on the predominant atrophic changes of the olfactory epithelium and the minimal to borderline erythrocytotoxic effects at 115.1 mg/m3.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2001

Neoplasms involving the heart, their simulators, and adverse consequences of their therapy.

Primary cardiac tumors involving the heart may be either benign or malignant. Most of the benign tumors are myxomas, which are most commonly located in the left atrium. Primary malignant neoplasms usually involve the myocardium and the interior of the cardiac cavities, whereas neoplasms metastatic to the heart most commonly involve pericardium, and pericardial effusion and constriction are the most common consequences. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are becoming the most useful instruments of precision for the diagnosis of cardiac tumors. Pericardial cysts, teratomas, lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum, papillary fibroelastomas, thrombi, and sarcoid are frequently mistaken for cardiac neoplasms. There are a number of cardiac consequences of malignancy, including radiation heart disease, cardiac hemorrhages, cardiac infection, cardiac adiposity or the corticosteroid-treated heart, cardiac hemosiderosis, and toxicity due to anthracycline chemotherapy.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Stachybotrys chartarum: cause of human disease or media darling?

This is a review of the literature of associations of the saprotrophic fungus Stachybotrys chartarum sensu lato with human and animal illnesses. This fungus grows on very wet cellulose-based building materials. S. chartarum has been the subject of considerable media attention because of temporal associations of exposure with unexpected and dramatic outcomes such as infant pulmonary hemosiderosis and neurocognitive damage. It is generally accepted that living or working in mouldy environments is associated with building related asthma, exacerbating asthma in mould-sensitive asthmatics and increased rates of upper respiratory disease. However, such relationships are with building-associated moulds, comprising many species that colonize wet or damp building materials, and are not specific to S. chartarum. There is limited evidence that severe lung damage can occur from building exposure to S. chartarum but possibly only under conditions of exposure that approach those associated with handling contaminated straw. There is no positive evidence in the literature to account for putative neurological damage resulting from exposure to this mould.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathology of lethal fetal growth retardation syndrome with aminoaciduria, iron overload, and lactic acidosis (GRACILE).

Autopsy study of 17 newborn infants with lethal autosomal recessive disease presenting as growth retardation with lactic acidosis, Fanconi aminoaciduria, and hepatic hemosiderosis is reported. The patients succumbed between day 1 and 4 months of life; 9 patients died within the first month. All patients showed severe pathologic changes of liver with cholestasis in all livers. Extensive accumulation of stainable iron of the hepatocytes was present in 9/17 autopsy tissues and in two biopsy specimens. Moderate to abundant iron storage in the Kupffer cells was seen in all liver specimens. The amount of hepatocytic iron was high in livers up to 1 month of age and decreased thereafter. The general features and liver findings of this disorder suggest the name Growth Retardation Aminoaciduria Cholestasis Iron Overload, Lactacidosis and Early Death (GRACILE, OMIM 603358). Calcified concrements were seen in the medulla of 13/16 kidney specimens. Pancreas of 13/14 patients showed interstitial fibrosis and exocrine atrophy. Various pathologic findings such as renal tubular dysgenesis, paucity of hepatic bile ducts and iron storage in the macrophages of spleen and pulmonary alveoli were observed in some cases. Previous extensive clinical genetic and laboratory investigations have revealed that the patients had a previously unrecognized genetic disease. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The gene locus is 2q33-37. The basic defect of the disease remains unknown.

Acidosis, Lactic↗