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PubMed1976

Fibrinogen-related antigen concentrations of blood serum of normal cows, as measured by the tanned erythrocyte hemagglutination-inhibition immunoassay.

Serum fibrinogen-related antigen concentration values were determined in normal cows, using a tanned erythrocyte hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay. The geometric mean value for serum fibrinogen-related antigen was 6.60 mug/ml. The upper and lower 95% prediction limits for the 38 cows tested were 12.76 and 3.42 mug/ml, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Detection of antigens with the aid of the aggregate-hemagglutination reaction of different serotypes of Ureaplasma urealyticum in the blood serum of patients with inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract and disorders of reproductive function].

A total of 110 samples of the blood serum, obtained from persons with inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract and with disorders of the reproductive function were examined by the aggregate-hemagglutination reaction for antigens of the 3d and 8th serotypes, U.u., belonging, respectively, to biovars Parvo and T-960. Antigens U.u. of the 3d, 8th or of both serotypes were detected in 75 (68.18%) of the studies samples. There were no antigens U.u. of the 3d or 8th serotypes in 35 (31.82%) samples. Antigens of biovars Parvo and T-960 were detected at an approximately identical frequency rate. Besides, the mentioned antigens were found in almost one half of blood sera positive to the U.u. samples (48%). No significant differences between the concentrations of antigens Parvo and T-960 were detected in the blood serum samples in case both of them were found in one sample or only one ureaplasma serovar was found in a sample.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Direct use of ion-exchange papers in hemagglutination-inhibition tests for drug abuse.

I modified a procedure for screening urine specimens for evidence of drug abuse, to permit direct use of commercially available ion-exchange papers in hemagglutination-inhibition assay for drug detection. Small circles punched out of the papers, which previously had been impregnated with drug-containing urine, were used in the detection step, leaving the remainder of the specimens on paper available for confirmatory analyses. The procedure is useful in screening for the presence of opiates, methadone, and (or) barbiturates.

Aspirin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The isolation of measles virus strains and the study of their hemagglutinating activity].

Three measles strains Gag, Il, and Buk, were isolated from a suspension of mononuclear cells derived from measles patients in the active stage of the disease. Continuous Vero cell cultures were used for virus isolation. In the infected cell culture, all the isolates produced symplasts of different sizes and star-shaped or spindle-shaped multinuclear cells. The specificity of the cytopathic effect was proved by the adsorption of monkey erythrocytes on the surface of virus-affected cells. The isolates were identified in neutralization and HI tests with different immune preparations: measles gamma-globulin (national standard), hyperimmune rabbit sera to measles (Edmonston strain), rubella, and mumps viruses, S. sonnei and S. flexneri, as well as with sera from measles patients and subjects vaccinated with live measles vaccine L-16. The results of identification attest to isolation of 3 measles virus strains, one of which (Buk) possesses particularly high hemagglutinating activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Rapid detection of anti-HAV IgM by solid-phase immunosorbent hemagglutination inhibition test].

A solid-phase immunosorbent hemagglutination inhibition test (SPISHAI) was developed for hepatitis A virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody. Three hundred thirty and six sera were comparatively detected with both SPISHAI and ELISA. Among them 97 sera were positive and 237 were negative with both method. The crude agreement rate was 99.4%. With SPISHAI the titers of anti-HAV IgM ranged from 1:20 to 1:327,680 among tested sera from infected individuals by HAV. The specificity of SPISHAI was confirmed by 2-ME treatment method and blocking test. The patients with non-A hepatitis all got negative results. The SPISHAI does not require conjugated antibody and sophisticated equipment, and is not interfered with rheumatoid factor in sera. Furthermore, the result of the test can be got within 3 hours. Therefore, the SPISHAI is a cheap and simple, and could be applied for early diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of hepatitis A in the community and in primary health care.

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests↗
PubMed1992

Vegetable gums modify lectin hemagglutinability.

Arabic gum enhances lectin hemagglutinability. The more glycosylated the lectin, the greater the stimulatory effect of the gum. Evidence presented suggests that the interaction between gum and lectin is of a carbohydrate-carbohydrate nature.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1992

Effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin on hemagglutination of Escherichia coli.

The hemagglutination (HA) activity of Escherichia coli was enhanced by subminimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of ampicillin. One half of the MIC of ampicillin caused a bacterial filamentation and diminished bacterial piliation (as observed by light and electron microscopies) as well as an increase of HA activity. HA activity, however, decreased after separation of ampicillin-treated bacteria. These results indicate that the increase in HA activity by ampicillin is mainly due to filament formation.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1992

[Mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA), type 1 fimbriae and hemolysin production of urinary and fecal Escherichia coli strains].

The prevalence E.coli bearing Mannose-Resistant Hemagglutinating (MRHA) adhesin, Type 1 fimbriae and hemolytic activity was assessed in 103 E.coli strains isolated from 43 male and 60 female adult patients with urinary tract infection. For comparison 83 faecal E.coli strains were also examined for the same properties. MRHA adhesins were present in 58% (60/103) of the urinary strains, and 31% (26/83) of the faecal strains of E.coli. All faecal and 95% (98/103) of the urinary strains of E.coli expressed Type 1 fimbriae. Hemolytic activity was more frequent among urinary strains than among faecal strains (21%, 12%, respectively). The presence of MRHA adhesin and hemolytic activity was found correlated in 13.5% (14/103) of urinary strains whereas only one (1.2%) strain showed these properties together among the faecal isolates.

Adhesins, Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1992

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for leptospirosis immunoglobulin M specific antibody using surface antigen from a pathogenic Leptospira: a comparison with indirect hemagglutination and microagglutination tests.

A search for a sensitive and specific test for human leptospirosis was made by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin M specific antibody (IgM ELISA) using a surface antigen from L.interrogans serovar bataviae, L. interrogans serovar pyrogenes and L.interogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. The IgM ELISA tests using each of the three antigens were evaluated in 103 sera primarily positive by microagglutination test (MA). Optical density of these IgM ELISA tests showed good correlation. The IgM ELISA using antigen from serovar bataviae was compared with MA and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) in 20 sera primarily positive by IHA, and 103 sera primarily positive by MA. IgM ELISA and IHA using antigen prepared from serovar bataviae in 103 sera positive for MA had a sensitivity of 98.06 and 92.23 per cent respectively. In 20 sera primarily positive by IHA, IgM ELISA and MA showed sensitivity of 80 and 45 per cent respectively. The surface antigen used in IgM ELISA is broadly specific making IgM ELISA a sensitive and specific test for human leptospirosis. IHA agreed more with IgM ELISA in comparison to MA. As MA is not sensitive for early infection, IHA and IgM ELISA should be in routine use in general laboratories.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2004

[Application of in-house enzyme immunoassay and indirect hemagglutination methods for the serologic diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis].

It is necessary to use methods that are not only fast and easily applicable, but also safe in the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and monitoring the treatment. In the present study, we investigated the presence of specific Echinococcus granulosus antibodies by in-house enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests in the sera of 64 patients who were surgically confirmed to have CE, 10 patients with various lung and liver malignancies and 20 patients with Hymenolepis nana infections. Of the 64 CE patients, 52 (81.2%) were found to be positive with IHA and 49 (76.5%) were found to be positive with ELISA (in both of the tests, > or =1/64 titers were accepted as positive), while none of the other patient groups yielded positive results. As a result, the sensitivities of in-house IHA and ELISA methods were determined to be 81.2% and 76.5%, respectively, whereas the specificities were 100% for both of the tests. There was no statistically significant difference between the methods for the detection of E. granulosus antibodies (p>0.05). It can be concluded that, the agreement between the methods could make a considerable contribution in the diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of the CE patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect hemagglutination assay for detection of leptospiral antibody by using three different antigens.

Evaluation of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for detection of leptospiral antibody were performed using three different soluble antigens extracted from Leptospira interrogans serovar Bataviae including heat extracted antigen (HEA), sonicated antigen (SA) and deoxycholate extracted antigen (DEA). One hundred seventy-eight sera from 85 confirmed leptospirosis cases and 202 non-leptospirosis cases were examined SA-IHA showed the highest sensitivity of 98.8% followed by SA-ELISA-IgM and DEA-ELISA-IgM which showed an equal sensitivity of 97.6%. SA-ELISA-IgM was the most specific (96.5%) test followed by DEA-ELISA-IgM and SA-IHA which gave an equal specificity of 94.1%. The IgG-ELISA tests were less sensitive and specific than the others. These data indicated that the IgG-ELISA tests were not suitable as diagnostic tests for acute leptospirosis in humans. Using acute phase sera the sensitivity of DEA-ELISA-IgM, SA-ELISA-IgM and HEA-ELISA-IgM were 22.4%, 20.0% and 20.0% respectively, while those of the IgG ELISA tests were 32.9%, 17.6% and 10.6% respectively, the sensitivity of SA-IHA and DEA-IHA were 22.4% and 10.6% respectively. In conclusion, both the IgM-ELISA tests using SA and DEA and the IHA using SA are not different in diagnosis of human leptospirosis. SA is the most suitable antigen for detection of leptospiral antibody by IgM ELISA and IHA.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Effect of electric charged molecules on Sindbis virus hemagglutination and hemolysis.

The role of electrostatic interactions in the attachment and fusion at acidic pH of Sindbis virus (SNV) with goose erythrocytes was studied, investigating the effect of several anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes on SNV hemagglutination and hemolysis. In order to establish the target of active drugs, the compounds were incubated either with the virus particles or with the erythrocytes. Dextran sulfate was the only compound able to inhibit the attachment of SNV to the erythrocytes. Fusion of virus with red cells was reduced dose-dependently by the polyanions dextran sulfate, mucin and polygalacturonic acid. On the contrary two polycations, polylysine and polybrene, enhanced viral hemolytic activity. However the effect of polyions is not exclusively related to the electric charge since ineffective molecules were found in both classes of compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of hemagglutination inhibition test and ELISA in quantification of antibodies to egg drop syndrome virus.

A single-serum dilution ELISA for egg drop syndrome (EDS) virus-specific antibodies was developed. In testing 425 chicken sera it was found to have a 93.6% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity relative to a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The correlation coefficient for ELISA and HI titers was 0.793. The ELISA was efficacious in quantification of both vaccinal and infection antibodies and could routinely be used for screening large numbers of field sera.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preparation of a dry red blood cell Trichinella antigenic diagnosticum for indirect hemagglutination test and evaluation of its efficiency].

The present paper presents the stages of a process for manufacturing a dry red blood cell Trichinella antigenic diagnosticum for indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) and the evaluation of its diagnostic efficiency. The diagnosticum is shown to be a 3% suspension lyophilized from formalinized and tanned sheep red blood cells on which an excretory-secretory antigen of invasion Trichinella larvae was absorbed in a dose of 100 mg/ml. The rather high sensitivity (98.7%) and specificity (97.3%) of IHAT using the Trichinella diagnosticum based on the excretory-secretory antigen allow it to be considered an effective method for diagnosis of human trichinosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Indirect hemagglutination assay in patients with melioidosis in northern Australia.

Melioidosis is caused by the saprophytic organism Burkholderia pseudomallei. The use of the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) has found widespread use in areas endemic for this disease. Using this assay, we explored the serologic profile of 275 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis in the Northern Territory of Australia. Based on a threshold titer of 1:40, the sensitivity of the IHA on admission was 56%. Female patients, those with positive blood cultures, and those with pneumonia independently predicted a negative IHA result. Most patients (68%) with negative admission IHA titers subsequently seroconverted. Most patients (92%) with positive admission IHA titers had persistently positive IHA titers. Relapses were not observed in 36 patients who had a negative IHA at least 1 month after admission, irrespective of initial admission IHA. The IHA has limited utility as a diagnostic test for acute disease, and most patients subsequently have persistently positive titers after recovery from illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[New human polyomavirus; BK virus antibody levels in different age groups using the hemagglutination inhibition test].

In this study, 1123 human sera samples obtained from healthy persons belonging to various age groups were tested in order to detect the distribution of antibody levels against the new human polyomavirus, BK. All sera samples were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and 881 (78.5%) of those were found to be positive and 242 (21.5%) were negative. The percentage of positivity was 65.3% between the ages of 1 to 5 years, and over 80% in the group aged 6 years or older. Furthermore, between 1 to 10 years of ages HI antibody titers were higher than the older age groups. Our results indicate that antibody to BK virus infections are remarkably frequent in our population and acquisition of BK virus appeared to be common in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[New human polyomavirus: comparison of hemagglutination inhibition, ELISA and complement fixation tests for BK virus serology].

In this study, 110 sera samples taken from healthy persons were tested for BK virus antibodies by using hemagglutination inhibition (HI), ELISA and complement fixation (CF) tests to detect the sensitivity, specificity and agreement of these tests. The results of each individual test was compared with others for sensitivity and specificity. Specificity found to be 96% when HI and CF tests were compared. Sensitivity also found to be 92.7% when CF and ELISA tests were compared. Agreement of HI and ELISA tests were 88%.

Antibodies, Viral↗