Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Goiter”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Chronic iodine overload and apoptosis in cold nodules from endemic multinodular goiters.

As apoptosis and necrosis are known to exist during experimental goiter development and involution, we studied them in ten Tunisian multinodular endemic goiters, five of them having received a chronic excess of iodine during six months. Apoptotic thyrocyte nuclei have been counted on hematoxylin-eosin stained semi-thin sections. Using immunoperoxidase on paraffin sections, bcl-2 and bax immunoreactivities have been evidenced, and CD34 positive microvessels counted; ultra-thin sections have also been observed. After six months of iodine overload, apoptotic thyrocytes were ten times more numerous; CD34 positive endothelial cells were diminished by one half bcl-2 immunoreactivity disappeared in thyrocytes and a bax one appeared in thyroid follicular and endothelial cells. Presence of numerous apoptotic follicular and endothelial cells was confirmed using electron microscopy. Chronic iodine excess induces apoptosis and necrosis of thyroid follicular and endothelial cells, leading to thyroglobulin accumulation in connective tissue.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed2006

[Sporadic C-cell hyperplasia associated with multinodular goiter].

INTRODUCTION: C cell hyperplasia may arise in a familial setting, associated to MEN2 syndromes, or sporadic, associated to other thyroid diseases. Its prevalence in the sporadic form, as well as its biological significance, need to be determined to date. Sporadic C cell hyperplasia may be associated to elevated serum calcitonin levels, and routinary calcitonin screening tests on the search of early medullary carcinomas, have born to an increase of its diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report herein the case of a 47-years old female, submitted to total thyroidectomy for nodular goiter, with slightly increased serum calcitonin levels and positive pentagastrin test. Familial history was negative for endocrinopathies. CASE REPORT: Histological examination revealed in the setting of a multinodular goiter, the occurrence of C cell hyperplasia, demonstrated by means of calcitonin immunoistochemistry, in the absence of foci of medullary carcinoma. Morphological features (no atypia) were consistent with a sporadic physiologic form of C cell hyperplasia, as opposed to neoplastic C cell hyperplasia in the context of MEN2. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of C cell hyperplasia is not well defined, and differently from the familial form, its progression to sporadic medullary carcinoma should still be proven. Therefore its observation in a sporadic form, as in the present case, do not modify the clinical and therapeutic approach in affected patients.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1991

Detection of retTPC/PTC transcripts in thyroid adenomas and adenomatous goiter by an RT-PCR method.

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was adopted for detecting transcripts specific for retTPC/PTC, an activated form of the ret proto-oncogene reported to be found specifically in human papillary thyroid carcinomas. By this sensitive method retTPC/PTC transcript could be detected in about 500 fg of total RNA of TPC-1, a retTPC/PTC transcript-positive cell line. In Japanese patients, one of 11 papillary thyroid carcinomas, four of 19 follicular adenomas and one of two adenomatous goiters were positive for the transcript, indicating that the involvement of retTPC/PTC is not specific to papillary thyroid carcinomas. In several independent RT-PCR experiments using different portions of the same positive carcinoma tissue, retTPC/PTC transcript was always detected. On the other hand, the transcript was not always positive in different RNA samples from benign cases, suggesting that positive carcinomas are probably composed of clonal cell populations all expressing retTPC/PTC, whereas adenomas and adenomatous goiter comprise heterogeneous populations: both positive and negative for retTPC/PTC transcript. Activation of the ret proto-oncogene might therefore be involved in malignant conversion to thyroid carcinomas.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2006

Safety and efficacy of administering 0.2 mg of recombinant human TSH for two consecutive days as an adjuvant to therapy with low radioiodine doses in elderly out-patients with large nontoxic multinodular goiter.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) as an adjuvant to radioiodine therapy for nontoxic multinodular goiter (MNG) in elderly subjects. METHODS: Twelve elderly out-patients with large MNG (group 1) were studied. The effect of adjuvant rhTSH administration (0.2 mg i.m. on 2 consecutive days) before low-dose (131)I was compared with that of radioiodine alone in 8 out-patients matched for age and MNG volume (group 2). The follow-up period was similar in both groups. RESULTS: The number and severity of side-effects during the first month of treatment were similar in both groups. On final examination, the number of patients symptomatic for goiter was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P=0.03). In group 1, TSH levels peaked at 40.3+/-9.5 mU/L on day 3, from the baseline value of 0.5+/-0.1 mU/L (P<0.001). In group 2, baseline TSH was 0.4+/-0.1 mU/L. Although a marked increase in f-T3, f-T4 and Tg (P<0.001) was noted in both groups during the first 2 weeks of treatment, peak values were much higher in group 1 than in group 2. On final examination, a slightly significant increase (P=0.01) in TSH levels from the baseline was noted in both groups (group 1: 1.2+/-0.2 mU/L; group 2: 1.4+/-0.3 mU/L). The percentage of patients who did not need therapies to control TSH secretion at the last examination was higher in group 1 (83%) than in group 2 (38%). Only in group 1, a significant reduction was noted in mean anterior-posterior lobar width (31+/-1.7 mm) from the baseline value (24.5+/-1.7 mm, P=0.04). Thyroid volume was reduced from 78.1+/-11.7 mL to 49.4+/-13.4 mL (P=0.001) in group 1 and from 89.8+/-25.2 mL to 67.1+/-20.5 mL (P=0.04) in group 2. Six months after (131)I therapy, slight changes in thyroid length and tracheal lumen were noted in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This long-term controlled study demonstrates that 0.2 mg of rhTSH on 2 consecutive days increases the efficacy of ambulatory (131)I dosages in treating nontoxic MNG in elderly subjects. Adequate drug preparation generally prevents side-effects due to short-term but marked thyrotoxicosis that is aggravated by rhTSH administration. An increase in thyroid volume reduction seems to be the most important effect of rhTSH administered before (131)I.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Hormonal and biochemical patterns in subjects from a new endemic goiter area in the Central African Republic.

Hormonal serum patterns of 268 subjects, living in rural villages and in the chief town of the Ouham province (Bocaranga), were studied to accomplish a survey in this endemic goiter area of the Central African Republic (CAR). Circulating TSH, TT3, TT4, FT4, rT3 and TG were determined in an accurately randomized population sample. Urinary excretion of iodine and thiocyanate (SCN) was also measured. The comparison of the mean values of such parameters with control values showed statistically significant differences (P < or = 0.05 divided by 0.001) in all the parameters studied, excepting TT3. The urinary iodine excretion was lower than 35 micrograms/l in the chief town and of 25 micrograms/l in the rural villages. The thiocyanate excretion was constantly greater than 8 mg/l; the I/SCN ratio = 3.7 was clearly lower than in controls. In a sample of 41 subjects, whose hormonal patterns were in the physiological range, significant differences were found between their TT3, TT4, FT4, TSH and TG serum concentrations and the respective control values. The severe iodine deficiency and the high consumption of manioc as a staple food are the prominent etiopathogenic factors of the hyper endemic goiter in this region. The authors believe that extensive iodoprophylactic action is urgently needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Measurement of serum TSH level by ultrasensitive method in inhabitants of endemic goiter area supplied with iodized salt for 25 years.

Recently, we surveyed thyroid function and TSH concentration of villagers in an endemic goiter area where iodized salt had been supplied for 25 years; it was found that the serum FT3 and TSH levels determined with immunoradiometric analysis (IRMA) were higher and the FT4 level was lower than that of the controls. It was shown that the inhabitants of the endemic goiter area had subclinical hypothyroidism based on the "ultrasensitive" method for TSH assay. We suggest that the best biochemical techniques for monitoring the iodized salt prophylaxis program and the physiological response of the villagers to iodine should be the periodical measurement of serum TSH level using ultrasensitive assay and determination of FT4 level.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

[Immunoradiometric measurement of serum thyrotropin levels in inhabitants who used iodized salt for 25 years in an endemic goiter area].

Recently we surveyed the thyroid function and TSH concentration of villagers in an endemic goiter area where iodized salt had been supplied for 25 years. We found that the serum FT3 and TSH (IRMA) level of villagers were higher and the FT4 level was lower than those of the controls, comparing with the RIA, which suggested that the inhabitants of the endemic goiter area had subclinical hypothyroidism based on the IRMA method for TSH assay. Therefore, we suggest that the best biochemical technique for monitoring the iodized salt prophylaxis program and the physiological response of villagers to iodine is measurement of serum TSH level with the ultrasensitive assay and FT4 level periodically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Evolution of endemic goiter in Malian women and children after a year of enrichment of drinking water with iodine using diffusers made of silicone].

A new method for iodine deficiency disorders prevention is tested during one year in a rural area of Mali. Silicone and sodium iodide made diffusers are set up inside 2 villages' drillings. Their efficiency is compared with a placebo. Supervision criteria are evolution of goiter, rates of iodine in water and ioduria of the population, specially women and children. In the treated villages a decrease of goiters' size of the younger people is observed. Iodine rates in treated drillings water stay during 12 months between 150 and 300 micrograms/l with a minimum intake of 150 micrograms/day/person. The means of ioduria rates from less than 25 micrograms/l before treatment (severe deficiency) increase to more than 100 micrograms/l after six months of treatment (no deficiency).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Needle aspiration cytology in euthyroid uninodular goiter].

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been shown to be second only to surgical biopsy for demonstration of malignancy in thyroid nodules. A prospective study of FNAC for euthyroid uninodular goiter (EUG) was conducted between January 1987 and June 1990, totaling 87 patients of which 61 were submitted to surgical biopsy. FNAC in the latter were interpreted as benign in 41 cases, suspected malignancy in 8, and definitely malignant in 7. The remaining 5 smears were considered technically inadequate for diagnosis. In 39 of the 41 patients with a benign (negative) cytology result, the histopathological diagnosis confirmed the absence of a neoplastic process (2 false negatives). In 12 of the 15 patients with a suspected malignant (positive) cytology result, a subsequent histopathological report confirmed a neoplastic process (3 false positives). Thus FNAC had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 93%. We conclude that FNAC is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of erythroid goiter and could help reduce significantly the number of patients who need to be surgically intervened.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Thyroid nodules and non-functional goiters. Diagnostic contribution of nuclear resonance imaging].

The finding of a "cold" thyroid nodular or goiter raises the problem of its potential malignancy, usually resulting in systematic surgery. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography provide accurate information concerning the size, structure and connections of these abnormalities, but they have very little to say about their histological nature. We evaluated the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the histological diagnosis by attempting tissue characterization before surgery in 97 patients with nonfunctional thyroid nodule or goiter. Comparisons with the pathological study of operative specimens showed a very small percentage (1.05 percent) of false negative results in terms of malignancy, and this was due to reliable arguments for benignity which we were able to collect from MRI signal intensity and structural analysis. Without these criteria, a decisive answer would have been very difficult, as shown by the significant rate of false positive results (14.73 percent) and a specificity of only 81.8 percent if every lesion interpreted as doubtful is considered malignant. Attention is drawn to the difficulties encountered in characterizing lesion with intracystic vegetations and in distinguishing between thyroiditis and lymphoma. The possibility of obtaining frontal and sagittal sections increases the usefulness of MRI. The operator's experience is essential in interpreting the signals and deciding on the therapeutic approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Ecology and health status of children in rural areas endemic for goiter].

After the first examinations made in 1960-1972 the endemic area of the Saratov region was re-examined in order to study over time the children's health status, to estimate the tension of goiter endemic and the biogeochemical characteristics of the area. Relative iodine deficiency and unbalance of trace elements in the environment were ascertained. Considerable prevalence of thyroid hyperplasia, stages I-II, II (50.7%) was established among the child population with practically equal distributions among girls (5376%) and boys (46.4%). During the 20-year period, the number of children with the enlarged thyroid was found to be 1.5-fold as increased. According to the data on the hormonal profile, 23.3% of the children manifested the dissociation of the content of T3 and T4 in the blood serum, whereas 88% of the children had a high level of TSH. In addition to the thyroid pathology, carious disease, chronic diseases of the nasopharynx, anemias and posture impairment occurred most often. Only 10.7% of the children can be regarded as practically healthy. The significance of the familial and hereditary preparedness for the onset of endemic goiter has been confirmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytofluorometric analysis of nuclear DNA in nodular goiter].

The purpose of this study was to measure the nuclear DNA content of cells in three different areas of multinodular goiter from 15 patients. Diploid DNA was found in the cell samples from 12 patients; the biopsies from one patient contained a clear ipodiploid peak (61%, D.I. 0.75) and those from the remaining 2 had dubious ploidy. The calculation of the mitotic index, including cells in S + G2M phases, evidentiated a large variability between different samples from the same goiter, thus correlating with the cellular heterogeneous composition of the thyroid.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Autonomous thyroid nodule: relations between clinical symptomatology and goiter endemia].

Sixty-three patients with autonomous thyroid nodule were studied, thirty-five from an endemic goiter area (EA) and twenty-eight from a non-endemic goiter area (NEA). Clinical history, physical examination, ultrasonography, thyroid hormone levels, and fine needle aspiration (FNA), were utilized to investigate whether or not iodine deficiency determined differences in the latency of progression to toxicity, the seriousness of illness and thyroid hormone levels. No significant difference was observed in the age of onset of nodularity, while the latency of progression to toxicity was significantly decreased in the EA (p less than 0.001). The ultrasonographic pattern did not show significant volume variations between the EA and NEA, but there was a slight prevalence of multinodular lesions in EA. No significant difference in serum thyroid hormone levels was found between the two areas in non toxic patients, while at the onset of hyperthyroidism higher levels of FT were observed in the EA than in the NEA. FNA showed a prevalence of colloid lesions in EA, while hyperplastic lesions prevail in the NEA. Forty-two patients underwent surgery: the extent of surgery was greater in patients from the EA. In conclusion, in iodine deficient areas earlier clinical thyrotoxicosis and a higher prevalence of hypoactive thyroid nodules were observed. Furthermore, in EA, the autonomous nodule in non toxic phase is more frequently associated with colloid lesions than hyperplastic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psammoma bodies in fine needle aspirates from thyroids containing nontoxic hyperplastic nodular goiters.

Psammoma bodies present in fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears with typical cytologic features of colloid goiter from five patients raised the possibility of coexistent papillary carcinoma. However, subsequent careful histologic examination of the entire thyroidectomy specimens did not show occult carcinoma in any of the cases. The psammoma bodies were identified in the stroma next to the foci of papillary hyperplasia in each case. They were small, often equal in size to or slightly larger than the follicular epithelial cell nuclei, and could be misinterpreted as epithelial cell nuclei. These findings suggest that the presence of psammoma bodies in an FNA smear cytologically consistent with a colloid goiter should raise the possibility of coexistent papillary hyperplasia or neoplasia. However, because of the strong statistical association of psammoma bodies with malignant thyroid neoplasms, histologic confirmation is mandatory in such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Thyroid growth promoting serum-IgG in endemic goiter.

In this study a strain of differentiated rat thyroid cells in continuous culture was used to detect the presence of thyroid growth promoting immunoglobulins (TGI) in IgG preparations of serum of patients with endemic and sporadic euthyroid goiters. TGI was detected when FRTL5 cells were used in a mitotic arrest assay by costimulating the cells with IgG and a suboptimal dose of TSH. TGI was present in 65 of 71 endemic goter cases and in 9 of 14 sporadic goiter cases.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1991

[Tracheal injury caused by intubation for compressive endothoracic goiter].

The tube cannot pass along the marked curve of the trachea, which is displaced by a large goiter extending into the posterior mediastinum. The trachea is perforated in a low thoracic location. Tracheal suture and exeresis of the goiter are performed through sternotomia. This serious accident seems to be exceptional. Can it be predicted?

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Study of the pathogenesis of high iodine-induced goiter].

We used Leghorn chickens to establish iodine-induced goiter. The pathologic changes were observed. The levels of MIT, DIT, T3 and T4 in the thyroid, and T3, T4 and TSH in serum, and the amount of iodine transport and synthesis of organic iodine in thyroid were determined. The results showed that high iodine intake strengthened the thyroid function and enhanced the synthesis of organic iodine. The rate of organic iodine synthesis exceeded T3,T4 secretion and the accumulation of organic iodine in the follicules exerted pressure inhibition on follicular epithelium, and then the levels of serum T3 and T4 dropped down. The negative feedback effect on the pituitary became weak. The secretion of thyrotropin rose and the hyperplasia of thyroid epithelium appeared. Therefore, we propose that the follicular distension resulting from the accumulation of organic iodine and the epithelial hyperplasia induced by rise of TSH are two different stages of the pathogenesis of iodine-induced goiter.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The surgical therapy of normally functioning multinodular goiter: our experience].

Surgical treatment of multinodular goiter is still now discussed: total versus subtotal thyroidectomy. Advantages of partial thyroidectomy are the low incidence of laryngeal nerve injury and the low risk of hypoparathyroidism. Disadvantages are the increased recurrent disease, the risk of carcinoma, the elevated possibility of laryngeal nerve lesions and permanent hypoparathyroidism after reoperations. Own experience regarding 401 thyroid operations is reported; 60 patients were operated for multinodular goiter; 48 subtotal and 12 total thyroidectomy were performed. Among those 1 (1.65%) inferior laryngeal lesion and 1 (1.65%) permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred. Anatomic knowledge and correct surgical procedure give a reduction in the mobility of total thyroidectomy which in selective case can be considered the treatment of choice.

Adenoma↗