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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Gastric mucosa heterotopias in the upper gastrointestinal tract].

Heterotopic gastric mucosa does occur in the upper gastrointestinal tract more often than has been thought up to now. Such heterotopic gastric mucosa was systematically looked for in inpatients and outpatients. Islets of heterotopic gastric mucosa were found in 125 patients in the cervical esophagus, in most cases a few centimeters below the esophageal entrance, and in 135 patients such islets of polypoid morphology were found in the duodenal bulbus. Histological analysis done in biopsy specimens taken from the cervical esophagus showed mucosa typical for the gastric corpus in 62 cases, a mixture of glandular tissue from the fundus and mucoid glands in 32 patients, and exclusively mucoid glands in 3 cases. Just superficial mucosa tissue (pits, epithelium) were found in 10 cases, in 14 patients the islets of gastric mucosa were not hit during the biopsy procedure, in 4 cases no biopsy was done. Heterotopic gastric mucosa tissue in the bulbus usually had a diameter of a few millimeters and polypoid morphology; these lesions were located postpylorically in the bulbus and measured more than 5 mm in diameter only in 10 cases. Whereas duodenal heterotopic gastric mucosa probably has no clinical relevance hydrochloric acid producing islets of gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus may give rise to peptic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tracts of 3 teleostean species.

Endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tracts of 3 teleostean species (Lepomis gibbosus, Morone americana and Notemigonus crysoleucas) were studied using several staining techniques: Masson-Hamperl argentaffin reaction, Singh's argyrophil reaction, Schmorl's ferricyanide test and MacConnail's lead hematoxylin; only the argyrophil method showed a positive reaction. In L. gibbosus and M. americana, endocrine cells of proximal (corporic) stomach were seen singly among the surface epithelial cells while those of distal (pyloric) stomach were more numerous and located in irregular patches. A small number of positive cells were found in the gastric glands of corporic stomach. A few argyrophil cells were seen among the surface intestinal epithelial cells of N. crysoleucas but none were seen in the intestines of L. gibbosus and M. americana.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Plasma protein loss via the gastrointestinal tract in nephrotic syndrome patients].

Plasma protein loss via gastrointestinal tract was determined in 24 patients with clinical and laboratory data for manifested nephrosis syndrome, 21 of them being with various histological forms of chronic glomerulonephritis, 2--with disseminated lupus erythematosus and 1--with renal amyloidosis. Isotope labelled chromium trichloride was intravenously applied, marking the albumin pool in a dose of 0.5 micro curie (20 KBq/kg body weight). In four patients an increased fecal radio-activity was established amounting to 1.00 to 2.63 per cent of the injected dose for 96 hours. The possible causes for that phenomenon are discussed as well as its significance in the advancement of nephrosis syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of cryptosporidia within the gastrointestinal tract of young calves.

Natural cryptosporidial infection of the gastrointestinal tract was recognised in four young calves by light microscopy and correlated with scanning and transmission electron microscopy in two of the calves. Seven to 10 sites of the small intestine were examined in each calf and cryptosporidia were most numerous in the posterior 50 per cent. None were found in the anterior 20 per cent of the small intestine, the abomasum or the colon, but they were present in the mucosa of the caecum of three calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Surgery of atresia of the gastrointestinal tract].

The most common sites of atresia in the gastrointestinal tract are the oesophagus, the duodenum and the anorectum. Surgical intervention is always necessary. Because of the rapid progress in surgical techniques and peri- and postoperative intensive care management, lethality has been minimized, even when treating very small premature infants. In the meantime, the surgical intervention itself is no longer the great risk it was; associated congenital malformations such as complex cardial defects are now much greater risks.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Smooth muscle tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Expression of ras P21 oncogene product and the association with clinicopathology.

Quantitative analysis of ras oncogene product P21 was performed on paraffin blocks from 55 smooth muscle tumors of the gastrointestinal tract by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. No positive evidence for P21 was found in 5 cases of normal smooth muscle tissues. Eight of 14 leiomyomas were P21 positive (57%) but all of them were lower expressed with fluorescence index (FI) < 1.25, whereas a total of 29 leiomyosarcomas and 12 potential malignant smooth muscle tumors were found to be P21 positive (100%), and the majority were overexpressed with FI > 1.25 (P < 0.005). ras P21 was overexpressed significantly in the tumors with mitotic counts of more than 1/10 high power field (P < 0.005). It was also overexpressed significantly as soon as the mild cytologic atypia of the tumor was found (P < 0.005). Five-year survival rate was significantly higher in the patients with lower-expression of ras P21 than those with overexpression (P < 0.005). It was suggested that the expression of ras oncogene product P21 could be used as an objective parameter in distinguishing malignants from benigns and predicting the prognosis of the patients with smooth muscle tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Gastrointestinal tract involvement by prosthetic graft infection. The significance of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

To investigate the patterns of interaction between vascular graft complications and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the incidence, pattern, and cause of GI bleeding among patients treated for secondary aortoenteric fistula (AEF) or chronic perigraft infection (PGI) was reviewed. Among 110 patients with infected grafts, there were 39 with secondary AEF and 71 chronic PGI. GI hemorrhage occurred in 24 AEF patients (61.5%), five PGI patients (9.4%) with aortoiliofemoral grafts (PGI-AIF), and in no PGI patients with peripherally located grafts (PGI-Other). The incidence of acute and chronic bleeding patterns was the same in both AEF and PGI patients. All GI bleeding in PGI patients was from the upper GI tract, whereas lower GI hemorrhage predominated slightly among AEF patients. Endoscopy was often negative among AEF patients (10 of 17) but always diagnosed the etiology of bleeding in PGI patients (gastritis in four; duodenal ulcer in one). Fifteen AEF patients (38%) had no evidence of GI bleeding at any time during evaluation. Acute hemorrhage among AEF patients was usually associated with an anastomotic fistula (10 of 14), while paraprosthetic fistulas often did not bleed (6 of 10) or bled chronically (12 of 15). Sepsis occurred significantly more often among AEF patients (8 of 39, 21%) than among PGI patients (2 of 71, 3.0%). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of sepsis or systemic infection between PGI-AIF patients and PGI-Other patients. In summary, gastrointestinal involvement by prosthetic graft infection may be either direct (fistula formation), indirect (sepsis/infection induced stress gastritis or ulceration), or silent. No absolute correlation exists between GI hemorrhage and the presence or absence of a graft-enteric fistula. Endoscopic demonstration of nonfistula GI pathology does not exclude the presence of graft infection. Recognition of these patterns of GI tract involvement by vascular graft infection may facilitate prompt diagnosis and improve treatment results.

Aortic Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Occurrence and expression of cytokeratins in carcinoid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and their probable precursor cells.

Occurrence and expression of cytokeratins were studied by the immunoperoxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded material from 18 cases of carcinoid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Polyclonal antikeratin for wide spectrum screening was detected in 12 cases; low molecular weight cytokeratins, C19 and CAM5.2 were positive in majority of the cases whereas antikeratins for high molecular weight were negative in all. Similar positive immuno-reactivity with antibodies to cytokeratins were detected in the surrounding epithelial cells. These results suggest that carcinoids of the gastrointestinal tract originate from the endodermal stem cell and differentiates along one or more directions, and the immunohistochemical findings depend upon the direction of their differentiation.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting in the gastrointestinal tract.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) rarely presents a diagnostic challenge. However, unusual sites of presentation can cause confusion. We present a case of RDD of the colon in a symptomatic 51-year-old woman. The gastrointestinal tract is the organ system least commonly affected by RDD, with only 11 cases reported. Most cases have been found incidentally or at autopsy. The widespread use of endoscopic procedures makes it more likely that this entity will be encountered. Most patients with gastrointestinal tract involvement have evidence of widespread extranodal disease and have a protracted clinical course.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A non-dairy probiotic's (poi) influence on changing the gastrointestinal tract's microflora environment.

JUSTIFICATION: Yogurt has been historically used to restore gut microflora adversely affected by antibiotic treatment. Certain fermented dairy products are probiotics; "live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host." Microorganisms in foods may benefit certain health conditions such as diarrhea, gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. A potential new probiotic from a Polynesian traditional food is poi; a starchy paste made from the corm of taro plants. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if consumption of poi, a potential non-dairy probiotic, altered the microflora in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy adults. METHODS: A cross-over clinical study included 18 subjects (19-64 years of age) divided into a poi group (n = 10) and control group (n = 8). The study duration of 14 weeks consisted of a 2-week washout, 4-week treatment or control, a subsequent 2-week washout, cross-over of 4-week treatment or control, and a final 2-week washout. Subjects thus served as their own controls. While receiving the poi treatment, participants consumed fresh poi (1-2 days old) three times a day (130 g/meal or approximately 1/2 cup/meal); the control group did not. Both groups filled out 3-day dietary records to ensure compliance. Measurable outcomes included pre- and post-treatment microbiological fecal culture analyses. RESULTS: We found no significant differences in total bacterial counts following a poi diet versus following a control diet, nor were significant differences found in counts of specific bacterial species. Lactococcus tends to be higher in poi when it is analyzed for specific bacteria, but the poi consumption in our study did not alter the mean concentration of individual bacterial species (log10 CFU/g wet feces) for Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Bifidobacterium. No significant differences in stool frequency or consistency were observed between the treatment and control group periods. CONCLUSION: Poi consumption did not significantly alter total or individual bacterial counts in the human gastrointestinal tract. Further research might determine if "sour poi" (3-4 days old) has a greater affect than "fresh poi" (1-2 days old) as a potential probiotic, and a larger trial with longer diet durations may detect more subtle effects of poi consumption on bacterial counts.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation of cell adhesion during epithelial restitution in the gastrointestinal tract.

Epithelial migration, which is a fundamental component of the ulcer healing process, is characterized by complex alterations in adhesion between cells and the extracellular matrix. Growth and motility factors involved in mucosal repair of the gastrointestinal tract seem to modulate these interactions in a coordinated fashion in order to reestablish functional and structural integrity of the mucosa. These findings may have important clinical implications for the treatment of ulcerative conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and lead to the development of specific drugs that promote mucosal healing by exploiting natural mechanisms of cell migration.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Endoscopic techniques and management of foreign body ingestion and food bolus impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract: a retrospective analysis of 139 cases.

BACKGROUND: Ingested foreign bodies and food bolus impaction are frequently seen in endoscopic practice. Successful foreign body and food bolus removal may depend on the method used, the choice of device, and the experience level of the endoscopist, although few papers report experience and outcome of tertiary centers. AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of our protocol designed for removal of ingested foreign bodies and food boluses. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with a diagnosis of foreign body ingestion and food bolus impaction from 1994 to 2005 identified by computer search. Patients were excluded if medical record was incomplete. RESULTS: The analysis included 171 patients. Foreign bodies and impacted food boluses were found in 77 and 62 patients, respectively. In 32 cases (23%), the foreign bodies passed spontaneously through the gastrointestinal tract. The overall success rate for endoscopic management was obtained in 137 patients (98.6%). Surgical removal of a foreign body was required in only 2 cases (1.4%). According to the type and location of the foreign object and food bolus we used Dormia baskets, retrieval forceps, polypectomy snares, and all sizes of Roth net. No complications relating to the endoscopic procedure were observed; 50 patients (35.2%) had an underlying esophageal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic removal of upper gastrointestinal tract foreign bodies and food bolus impaction is efficacious and safe. Especially the Roth net is the best device for safe retrieval of food boluses and button disc batteries.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of Lactobacillus sp. strain 100-37 from the murine gastrointestinal tract: ecology, plasmid content, and antagonistic activity toward Clostridium ramosum H1.

A gram-positive, nonsporulating, microaerophilic rod that had two colonial variants was obtained during a study in which anaerobic bacteria were isolated from murine gastrointestinal tracts and screened for cryptic plasmids. The rod (both colonial variants) was identified as a Lactobacillus sp. (strain 100-37) by selective media, gas chromatography, and biochemical tests. In monoassociated, ex-germfree mice, the bacterium colonized the gastrointestinal tract and formed a thick, continuous layer on the keratinized squamous epithelium of the nonsecreting portion of the stomach. When lysate preparations of both colonial variants were electrophoresed in agarose gels, two bands which stained with ethidium bromide were detected with each lysate. When the DNA preparations were exposed to UV light, the lower ethidium bromide band gradually disappeared while the top band became either broader or more intense. The approximate size of the lower band was 2.2 megadaltons, as determined by comparison with plasmid molecular weight standards. In a search for phenotypes which could be encoded by the cryptic 2.2-megadalton plasmid, we detected an antagonistic activity toward an obligate anaerobe isolated from mouse feces, Clostridium ramosum H1. The antagonistic factor was precipitated with (NH4)2SO4 (70% saturation) from supernatant solutions of broth cultures of strain 100-37. The factor was not inducible with mitomycin C or UV light, but was stable in flowing steam for up to 50 min, and in buffers of pHs over a range of 1.6 to 6.8. It was nondialyzable and inactivated by trypsin and papain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Antimicrobial peptide expression is developmentally regulated in the ovine gastrointestinal tract.

Antimicrobial peptides are abundant components of the innate immune system present in species throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. In mammals, these immune peptides have been localized to epithelial tissues of the pig, mouse, rat, cow and human gastrointestinal tracts. We have identified in sheep two members of the beta-defensin antimicrobial peptide gene family that are expressed in a unique pattern throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Sheep beta-defensin 1 mRNA is the most prevalent from tongue to colon with the exception of the distal ileum, where beta-defensin 2 mRNA predominates. Sheep beta-defensin expression varies significantly between animals and is developmentally regulated both pre- and postnatally. These changes in antimicrobial peptide expression may correlate with anatomical differentiation as well as physiologic adaptations to extra-uterine life.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration induced by P2-purinoceptor activation in isolated myocytes from the rat gastrointestinal tract.

1. The changes in the free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to agonists of P2-purinoceptors were studied in myocytes isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of different regions of the rat gastrointestinal tract (stomach, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon). [Ca2+]i was estimated by emission from the fluorescent dye, indo-1. 2. ATP and the P2Y-purinoceptor agonist, 2-methylthio-ATP (2-MeSATP), transiently increased [Ca2+]i in single myocytes from all segments of the gastrointestinal tract, whereas alpha,beta-methylene-ATP, a P2x-purinoceptor agonist, had no effect. 3. The rise in [Ca2+]i induced by ATP and 2-MeSATP was maintained in Ca(2+)-free solution but was abolished by depletion of the intracellular store with thapsigargin (1 microM). 4. Single myocytes from stomach, caecum and colon also responded to UTP by a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. 5. Individual myocytes responded to ATP, 2-McSATP and UTP in a nearly all-or-nothing manner. The increasing of agonist concentration enhanced the number of responding cells but did not increase the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i rise. 6. These results suggest that myocytes from the longitudinal layer of gastrointestinal muscle do not possess functional P2x-purinoceptors and that agonists of P2Y and P2U-purinoceptors induced a rise in [Ca2+]i, probably via an all-or-nothing mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1998

Endotoxemia and IL-1 beta stimulate mucosal IL-6 production in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

BACKGROUND: In recent studies, sepsis and endotoxemia were associated with increased IL-6 production in mucosa of the jejunum. We tested the hypothesis that endotoxemia in mice stimulates mucosal IL-6 production in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract as well and that the enterocyte is a source of mucosal IL-6. In addition, we examined the effects of TNF alpha and IL-1 beta on mucosal IL-6 production. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endotoxin (12.5 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously in mice. Control mice were injected with a corresponding volume of sterile saline. After 4 h, IL-6 levels were determined in mucosa of stomach, jejunum, ileum, and colon and in plasma and liver. In a second series of experiments, immunohistochemistry was performed of jejunal mucosa to determine in which cell type IL-6 was expressed. Finally, 100 micrograms/kg of human recombinant TNF alpha or human recombinant IL-1 beta was injected intraperitoneally in mice and IL-6 levels were determined in plasma and tissues after 4 h. RESULTS: Endotoxemia resulted in increased mucosal IL-6 levels in small and large bowel but in reduced IL-6 levels in gastric mucosa. Immunohistochemistry of jejunal mucosa showed that IL-6 was expressed mainly in the enterocyte and in a few cells of the lamina propria. Treatment of mice with TNF alpha reduced IL-6 levels in gastric mucosa whereas IL-1 beta increased IL-6 levels in mucosa of small intestine. CONCLUSION: Mucosal IL-6 production during endotoxemia is differentially regulated along the gastrointestinal tract. Both TNF alpha and IL-1 beta may be involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal IL-6 production during endotoxemia.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Intra-abdominal gastrointestinal tract injuries following blunt trauma: the experience of an Australian trauma centre.

AIMS: The aim of the study was to use the extensive experience of an Australian Level I trauma centre to develop guidelines for diagnosis and management of significant gastrointestinal tract injuries (GITIs). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 74 patients admitted to Westmead Hospital between 1985 and 1996 who had sustained major gastrointestinal tract (GIT) injuries following blunt trauma. The patients were identified from the trauma unit database. Clinical information was retrieved from the database and augmented by a review of the medical records. RESULTS: Motor vehicle accidents were responsible for 55 (92%) admissions. Laparotomy was performed as a result of a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage in 26 (35.1%) patients, abdominal signs in 20 (27%), diagnostic findings on computed tomography in 19 (25.7%), haemodynamic instability in eight (10.8%) and a positive contrast study in one (1.4%) patient. There was a total of 95 injuries: one gastric (1.1%), eight duodenal (8.4%), 64 small bowel (67.3%), two appendiceal (2.1%), 19 colonic (20%) and one rectal (1.1%). Thirty day mortality was 23% (17 patients). Seven (9.5%) patients died within 24h of injury, three (4.1%) of which were directly related to the GIT. Ten (13.5%) patients died within 2 weeks of admission, three (4.1%) of which were attributable to the GIT. Thirty day GIT morbidity was 29.7% (22 patients). The development of GIT morbidity was significantly related to a delay to laparotomy of more than 24h (P=0.036) and tachycardia on presentation (P=0.023). Associated injuries, injury severity scores (ISS) and age did not significantly impact on GITI related morbidity and mortality. DISCUSSION: Major GITIs are associated with a high mortality due to the severity and complexity of associated injuries. Morbidity from GITIs correlates to delays in diagnosis and management.

Accidents, Traffic↗