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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of the fungicide prochloraz on xenobiotic metabolism in rainbow trout: in vivo induction.

1. Rainbow trout were dosed with prochloraz by i.p. injection of sprayed food pellets. Cytochrome P-450, two P-450-dependent activities, and two conjugase activities were measured in vitro in microsomal or cytosolic fractions. 2. Prochloraz increased cytochrome P-450 in liver, intestine, and pyloric caeca: maximum response occurred at 30-100 mg/kg i.p. In cold conditions, this increase persisted for more than 8 days after injection. 3. Hepatic 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-dealkylase (ECOD) and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) were inhibited by prochloraz except in one assay in warm water where they increased. In intestine and pyloric caeca, ECOD and EROD were not detected, even when cytochrome P-450 was increased. 4. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (1-naphthol as substrate) was unchanged or inhibited after prochloraz dosing. 5. Glutathione-S-transferase (o-dinitrobenzene as substrate), was unchanged or inhibited by prochloraz. 6. The measured level of enzymic activities was the result of induction and inhibition by prochloraz residues. Variations in basal activities and perhaps in prochloraz interactions were due to temperature acclimatization.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

The metabolism and excretion of prochloraz, an imidazole-based fungicide, in the rat.

1. Following oral administration of prochloraz (1-[N-propyl-N-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethylcarbamoyl]imidazole) at 100 mg/kg body weight to rats, the compound underwent extensive metabolism, the primary route appearing to be opening of the imidazole ring followed by hydrolysis of the alkyl chain. The major metabolites were 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethanol, which is present mainly as a glucuronide conjugate. Ring hydroxylation occurred to produce several minor metabolites. No unchanged prochloraz was excreted in the urine. 2. Tissue residues 96 h after dosing were generally less than 1 mg prochloraz equivalents/kg tissue. The highest residues were found in the liver (2.8-5.1 mg prochloraz equivalents/kg tissue) and kidney (1.5-2.1 mg prochloraz equivalents/kg tissue), the principal organs of metabolism and excretion. Residues in female rats were generally slightly higher than those found in males. 3. The metabolites were quantitatively excreted within 96 h, with greater than 50% of the dosed radioactivity being found in the 0-24 h excreta. Urinary excretion accounted for 65% dose in male and 41% in female rats, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Influence of dietary tetramethylthiuram disulfide (a fungicide) on growth and incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia in single comb White Leghorn chicks.

The effect of dietary tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) (0, 30, or 60 mg/kg diet) on the performance and incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) chicks was studied in a 6-week experiment. Body weights (3 weeks of age) and bone ash (4 and 6 weeks of age) of chicks fed either 30 or 60 mg TMTD/kg diet were significantly lower compared to controls. Dietary TMTD, however, significantly increased the incidence and severity of TD in layer chicks with the highest incidence (69%) occurring in 6-week old-birds. This study showed that SCWL chicks were susceptible to TMTD-induced TD as early as 2-weeks of age and that the condition persisted throughout the growing phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of mycobacillin and versicolin as agricultural fungicides. II. Stability in soil.

The effect of paddy soils on mycobacillin and versicolin was investigated. Soil inactivated mycobacillin as determined by spectral analysis and microbiological assay. Soil can inactive mycobacillin only at or above the threshold concentration (125 approximately 130 mug per 10 mg of soil), the excess being unreacted. No new peak appears in the ultraviolet spectrum (240 approximately 300 nm) while mycobacillin is inactivated. Soil is without any effect on versicolin.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of mycobacillin and versicolin as agricultural fungicides. III. Growth pattern and antibiotic production in soil by Aspergillus versicolor.

Soil supports the growth of a jute pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides but only to a limited extent that of its antagonist Aspergillus versicolor. The growth of the sensitive pathogen is considerably checked by the antagonist in mixed soil culture although versicolin production could not be demonstrated within the limits of assay. Both the sensitive and the antagonistic organisms grow well in soil-compost medium and versicolin production by the latter is also enhanced. The antagonistic effect of Aspergillus versicolor on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is expectedly more marked in soil-compost medium than in soil medium.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The insecto-fungicidal preparation, gaupsin, isolated from Pseudomonas aureofaciens strains].

The integrated insectofungicidal preparation Gaupsin was developed on the basis of the Pseudomonas aureofaciens strains UKM V-111, which is active against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, and UKM V-306, active against codling moth larvae. Gaupsin is an effective means for protection of orchards against moths and fungi. A method for production of Gaupsin in the liquid form with a titer of not less than 1 x 10(10) cells/ml under aeration conditions was elaborated. After spraying, the preparation remained on apple leaves for seven days. The efficiency of Gaupsin against codling moth was 88-94%. The effect of a fungal attack decreased 10 to 25-fold.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of the fungicide ferbam in wheat grains after adsorption onto microcrystalline naphthalene.

A procedure was developed for the determination of iron(III) dimethyldithiocarbamate by converting it into iron(II)-bathophenanthroline-tetraphenylborate complex, which was then adsorbed onto microcrystalline naphthalene. The absorbance was measured at 534 nm against a reagent blank. Beer's Law was obeyed over the concentration range of 0.4-20 microg mL in final solution. Ten replicate determinations on 70 microg ferbam solutions gave a mean absorbance of 0.36, with a relative standard deviation of 0.91%. The method is sensitive and highly selective. It was applied for the determination of ferbam in a commercial sample and in mixtures with various dithiocarbamates (ziram, zineb, maneb) and wheat grains.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2002

Detection of resistance to fungicides, mating types and fitness of Phytophthora infestans in Hebei, China.

In vitro, isolates resistant to metalaxyl (M) and oxadixyl (O) of Phytophthora infestans were 11.2% of 62 isolates from potato and tomato in Hebei Province, mean resistance factor was 15,022 fold and 24,733 fold, respectively, no isolates resistant either to cymoxanil (C) or to dimethomorph (D) were detected. On the other hand, in vivo, isolates resistant to M and O were 29.0% and 32.7%, respectively, among 217 isolates from potato plants in Weichang and Chongli, Hebei, only one isolate resistant to M and O was found among 88 isolates from tomato plants in Xushui, Hebei. Among 73 isolates from potato in Weichang and Chongli, 6 isolates with A2 mating type were 8.2%, 3 A2 isolates resistant to metalaxyl and oxadixyl. 3 A2 isolates were 6.8% of 44 isolates from tomato in Xushui. Cross resistance in Phytophthora infestans was confirmed between M and O, but no cross resistance between C or D and M or O. The field isolates resistant to M and O were outstandingly fitter than sensitive or intermediate ones, mainly due to stronger sporulation capacity of the field isolates.

Acetamides↗