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Diagnosis and treatment of common fractures in children: femoral shaft fractures and supracondylar humeral fractures.

Femoral shaft fractures and supracondylar elbow fractures are two of the most common major pediatric injuries managed by the general orthopedic surgeon. Therapeutic choices frequently are influenced by many factors, including associated injuries, fracture type, and the child's age, social situation, and economic issues. Nonsurgical management of femoral shaft fractures has been a preferred and cost-effective treatment for most age groups, but recently the use of surgical techniques has gained popularity with the overall goal of rapid mobilization of the child. Supracondylar elbow fractures are diagnostically challenging and can result in severe acute and long-term complications. An understanding of fracture presentation, anatomic detail, and surgical applications will optimize the chances for successful outcomes.

Bone Plates↗

[Femoral fractures in osteodystrophy deformans (Paget's disease). Treatment results].

Between 1958 and 1986 21 fractures of the femur in Osteodystrophia deformans (Paget's disease) were treated at the accident hospital Meidling; of these 13 patients were female and 8 of male. The average age was 73.4 years. In two cases the basic illness was known, in 19 cases the fracture was the first manifestation of the illness. In 7 cases a polyostotic manifestation was evident. The fractures were localized as follows: 7 in the proximal, 7 in the middle, 1 in the distal third of the shaft, 5 subtrochanteric, 1 supracondylar. Apart from one subtrochanteric torsion fracture, all were flexure fractures without splinters. 19 fractures were stabilized by an operation: 17 by intramedullary nailing (with cerclage), 1 steep plate, 1 Ender nail. One case was treated by an extension, whereas in one case no operation was performed. The following complications were observed: one fracture of the steep plate, one delayed healing of the fracture after intramedullary nailing. No infections could be observed. In general, healing of the fracture in Osteodystrophia deformans does not seem to be delayed. The different possibilities of intramedullary nailing of the femur - possibly together with osteotomies to eliminate curvature - can be recommended for fractures in Osteodystrophia deformans.

Adult↗

Interlocking nailing for the treatment of femoral fractures due to gunshot wounds.

Fifty-six patients who had a fracture of the femur due to a low-velocity gunshot injury were treated with interlocking nailing with the Grosse-Kempf nail. Patients who had an isolated fracture were treated by intravenous administration of antibiotics followed by delayed interlocking nailing. Ninety-three per cent of the fractures had Grade-III or IV comminution. At an average duration of follow-up of sixteen months (range, twelve to twenty-nine months), the results of closed interlocking nailing were excellent. All of the fractures united an average of twenty-three weeks (range, fourteen to forty weeks) after the nailing. There were no apparent infections in the entire series. There were two delayed unions and seven malunions. Five patients had a serious associated vascular injury; four of these five had interlocking nailing immediately after vascular repair. The fractures united without any residual vascular insufficiency.

Adult↗

Management of distal femoral fractures in elderly patients using retrograde titanium supracondylar nails.

We present our experience with a retrograde supracondylar nail used for the management of fractures of the distal femur in elderly patients. Eighteen fractures of the distal femur in 18 patients were treated with AIM titanium supracondylar nails. Sixteen patients with a median age of 83 years (62-100 years) were finally available for review. All 16 fractures were classified as extra-articular type A according to the AO classification. The average operative time was 58 min. Follow up ranged between 4 and 35 months (average 20.4 months). Fifteen fractures (93.7%) united in an average duration of 3.6 months. The average range of motion achieved at the knee was 100. 6 degrees. There were no implant failures, knee sepsis or wound healing problems. One non-union and two stress fractures of the femur above the nail were the main complications in this series. We concluded that the AIM titanium supracondylar nail is a useful alternative implant for the management of the osteoporotic fractures of the distal femur particularly the extra-articular AO type A fracture in the elderly population.

Aged↗