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PubMed1978

The effect of diuredosan on Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs.

Diuredosan has been tested against Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs. The drug showed significant activity against T hydatigena, but there was no significant dose response curve against E granulosus in this trial. Two treatments at 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, however, reduced the number of dogs infected with hydatid worms. Worms were still present in some dogs after three treatments at 50 mg/kg. Vomiting and diarrhoea were relatively common sequelae at and above 50 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Echinococcus alveolaris--clinical manifestation, treatment and prognosis].

Life-cycle and endemic areas of Echinococcus alveolaris are described with reference to the autonomous character of this parasitosis. Especially human ways of infestation are shown with man's role as definitive host. The natural course of this parasitosis leads obligatory to lingering illness and death. Indication of exploratory laparotomy remains beyond doubt. Based on our own experience and corresponding with other authors importance of radical resection has to be propagated with reservation. Maintaining of the bile flow however is most important with regard to operative mortality, survival time and quality of life--even when performed as palliative surgical treatment. Adjuvant therapy with Mebendazol (Vermox) is considered to be helpful in improving the unfavourable prognosis of this parasitic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Efficacy of droncit against Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs.

A study was made on 120 dogs to evaluate the effectiveness of droncit against Echinococcus granulous infection. The drug was administered orally in tablet form at dose rates of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0,and 10.0 mg/kg of body weight against immature stages of the parasite and at a dose rate of 5.0 mg/kg against gravid worms. Droncit was found to be 100% effective against both immature and gravid worms at the dose rate of 5.0 mg/kg. Adverse reactions were not observed in the treated dogs, and no risk was involved in administering the drug. The use of droncit in hydatidosis control programs in discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Experimental transmission of Echinococcus granulosus of "camel-dog" origin to goats, sheep, cattle and donkeys.

The infectivity of a camel strain of Echinococcus granulosus experimentally raised in dogs for domesticated food and burden animals was investigated. Of the animal species that were inoculated orally with gravid segments, hydatid cysts developed poorly in goats and sheep, less well in cattle and not at all in donkeys by six month post-inoculation. Cysts were most frequently found in the lungs, although other organs such as liver and spleen also contained cysts. Histological examination of affected organs in these animals revealed the cysts surrounded by a granulomatous cellular reaction. Protoscolices and brood capsules were lacking at the time of examination. Thus it appears that although hydatid cysts could develop in some of these animal species within six months, the cysts were immature.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Efficacy of praziquantel against immature Echinococcus multilocularis in dogs and cats.

Efficacy of an injectable formulation of praziquantel (given IM at a dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight) against immature Echinococcus multilocularis was studied in 18 experimentally infected dogs and 22 experimentally infected cats. There were no worms recovered at necropsy from any of the treated hosts. However, whereas E multilocularis worms were recovered from all nontreated control dogs (n = 9; min-max 15-1,840, mean 483), such tapeworms were recovered from only k6 of the 11 nontreated control cats (min-max 2-820; overall mean 123.4). The study demonstrates 100% clearance of E multilocularis by praziquantel in experimentally infected dogs and cats, and shows that cats are not as suitable as experimental hosts for this parasite as are dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Efficacy of injectable and tablet formulations of praziquantel against mature Echinococcus granulosus.

The efficacy of an injectable formulation of praziquantel (given either intramuscularly or subcutaneously at dose levels of 5 or 8 mg/kg of body weight) and a tablet formulation (5 mg/kg) against mature Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms was studied in experimentally infected dogs. The compound was efficacious (100% clearance) if injected via either route or if administered orally.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in Bangladesh.

A survey was carried out during the period February 1975 to January 1978 to find the frequency of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs. A total of 611 dogs originating from different places of the country were examined. The frequency of infection varied considerably, the highest (75.79%) being recorded in dogs in and around the slaughterhouses. The average frequency was 62.52%. The seasonal variations of the infection were determined, the lowest (47.09%) and the highest (78.37%) being January to March and October to December, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Alveolar hydatid disease. A review of clinical features of 33 indigenous cases of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Alaskan Eskimos.

The clinical features of 33 cases of alveolar hydatid disease (AHD) in Alaskan Eskimos and a review of the surgical experience with this disease are presented. Among untreated patients, progression of the disease to a fatal outcome was observed in 70%. The primary hepatic lesion resembles cancer, and errors in diagnosis by both the surgeon and pathologist are common. Although surgical resection of the entire primary hepatic lesion offers the only proven curative treatment, only 26% of those explored were resectable. All seven patients resected for cure are alive 6-27 years post-operatively (average survival, 14.7 years). A 5-year experience with continuous mebendazole therapy in the management of five nonresectable cases of AHD indicates that a favorable effect of this drug is being observed. It now appears that Echinococcus infections are no longer the sole province of the surgeon. Although the role of medical therapy is not yet clearly defined, it must be considered in the management of all cases of AHD. The first reported locally-acquired case of AHD in the conterminous United States, and the widespread occurrence and expanding range of E. multilocularis in the north-central United States and south-central Canada, point to the increasing public health importance of alveolar hydatid disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Tissue reaction to spherical and lobular hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786).

We have studied the tissue reaction to spherical and lobular cysts of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) on a set of 108 observations of hydatidosis in the liver and lung of pigs. Typical of an early response of the host to a growing hydatid cyst is a local allergic inflammation characterized by a heavy infiltration of eosinophiles. If the infection is massive, sensitization increases the tissue reaction, and there is a marked exudation of eosinophiles into the pseudocyst which results in the ultimate death and liquidation of the parasite. In an organ infested with lobular and multilobular hydatid cysts, this early type of a tissue reaction persists around pouches in the hydatid wall. Typical of this reaction is an epitheloid rim, a new production of connective tissue, and an inflammatory infiltration. In fertile, large-sized cysts, the acute inflammatory reaction disappears from the inner side of the connective tissue sheath, and the wall of the hydatid remains in a direct contact with a thick layer of hyalinely degenerated, fibrous, connective tissue. A moderate, chronical, infiltrate along the periphery of the encapsulation provides evidence for a balanced relationship between the parasite and its host.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Pelvic echinococcus in Tunisian women. 12 cases histories (author's transl)].

We have seen 12 cases of pelvic echinococcus in the Gynaecological and Obstetric Department of the Charles Nicolle Hospital in the last 10 years. These case histories have been worked up into a thesis. The frequency of this infection in a country like ours where it is endemic, and the rarity of its localisation in the pelvis among other sites has persuaded us to report the conclusions of this study. It recalls the difficulties of the diagnosis and of the treatment of pelvic hydatid disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[A retroperitoneal hydatid cyst--a rare manifestation of Echinococcus granulosus].

A rare case of a retroperitoneal cyst of Echinococcus granulosus in a male adult is presented. Due to its extension and infiltration of important anatomical structures the hydatid cyst could not be completely removed by operation. Therefore the patient was treated with albendazole for 10 months after surgery. The efficiency of this combined therapy was documented by CT-scan, specific blood tests and histopathological findings.

Albendazole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The search for new antiparasitic agents. 12. The synthesis and study of the anti-Echinococcus and anti-Hymenolepis activity of 6-[4-(4-alkylpiperazinyl-1)-phenylamino]-1,2,5-thiadazolo[3 ,4-h] quinolines].

The paper describes the synthesis of 6-[4-alkylpiperazinyl-1)phenylamino]-1,2,5-thiadiazolo[3,4-h ]quinolines where methyl (Drug G-1574) and ethyl (Drug G-1569) are alkyls. The two agents are as effective as mebendazole against the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Drug G-1574 has been demonstrated to ensure 100% recovery of spontaneously Hymenolepis nana-infected albino mice given doses 2.5-5 times lower than the effective dose of phenasal (niclosamide).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Liver transplantation for Echinococcus granulosus hydatid disease.

The authors report their experience with 6 patients requiring liver transplantation who suffered with liver infestation by Echinococcus granulosus. One patient presented with acute Budd-Chiari syndrome because obstruction of hepatic veins was produced during the first operation; the other 5 patients received liver transplants for terminal chronic liver disease (2 secondary sclerosing cholangitis, 2 secondary biliary cirrhosis, and 1 postnecrotic cirrhosis of the liver). All the patients had been operated previously on for hydatidosis and were at the end of liver functional disorder. Some of the patients had undergone many operations, making the transplantation procedure even more difficult. One patient required a second transplant for primary graft failure; he died 40 days later from cerebrovascular accident. Another patient died 7 months after transplant from pulmonary embolism. The other 4 patients are alive and in optimal condition 37-65 months after transplantation. Hepatic hydatidosis--in principle, a benign disease--can cause hepatic complications that eventually require liver transplantation. The transplantation procedure is more difficult than usual in these cases. Although postoperative complications are frequent, most patients achieve prolonged survival and a good quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Partial resection of the spleen for echinococcus cysts with ultrasonic surgical aspirator].

The superior extremity of the spleen was resected in a 52-year-old male patient due to a calcified echinococcus cyst, using an ultrasonic surgical aspirator (Cavitron). Blood loss was limited and no postoperative morbidity was reported. This method appears to be useful in all cases in which it is possible to avoid splenectomy in order to reduce the risk of uncontrolled postoperative infections.

Echinococcosis↗
PubMed1995

[Importance of epidemiology and control of the fox tapeworm, Echinococcus multilocularis, in Germany].

A review is given on the epidemiology and control of Echinococcus multilocularis with emphasis on the particular situation in Germany. Recent studies have demonstrated a comparatively frequent general occurrence of the parasite in fox populations in Germany apart from the traditional endemic areas in the Southwest. Final conclusions concerning a putative spread of the parasite from the highly endemic areas in the Southwest of Germany to the North and the East can not be drawn to date due to a lack of data. New and traditional diagnostic tools, as well as prophylactic and therapeutic measures are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The "dangerous fox tapeworm" (Echinococcus multilocularis) and alveolar echinococcosis of humans in central Europe].

According to the present status of knowledge, endemic Echinococcus multilocularis infections in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are known to occur in the following countries of Central Europe: Belgium (southern parts), Luxembourg, France (Massif Central and eastern parts), Switzerland (21 of 26 cantons) Liechtenstein, Austria (6 of 9 provinces), Germany (812 of 16 federal states), and Poland (northern parts). The prevalence rates of E. multilocularis are highly variable regionally and range between > 1 and > 50%. Dogs and cats are rarely infected (mostly < 1%). The incidence of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is low in the Central European endemic area with 0.02-1.4 new cases per year and 100,000 inhabitants. While in untreated patients the disease is mostly lethal (lethality up to > 90%) and treatment requires high expenditure, AE is of higher public health significance than indicated by the incidence rates. In addition to these aspects diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis in final hosts (dogs, cats) and preventive measures for humans are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of niclosamide on Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena and Taenia ovis infections in dogs.

The effect of niclosamide (particle size 1 micron m) and its piperazine salt (particle size 5-10 micron m) on Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena has been investigated. The piperazine salt of niclosamide was also tested for activity against Taenia ovis. These trials involved 326 dogs. Irrespective of particle size, the drug was found to be virtually inactive against 28-day-old E granulosus. Some evidence was found indicating that there may be a low degree of activity against 70-day-old worms. The drug was found to be effective at 32 mg/kg and 64 mg/kg against T hydatigena and 50 mg/kg against T ovis. Some evidence was obtained that milk decrease the efficiency of the piperazine salt against T hydatigena at the lower dose rates. Micronisation of the drug did not increase the efficiency against this parasite. Vomiting and diarrhoea were common sequelae.

Administration, Oral↗