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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Open trial to assess aspects of safety and efficacy of a combined herbal cough syrup with ivy and thyme.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Changes in the symptoms of cough after treatment with a combined herbal preparation containing dry ivy leaf extract as main active ingredient, decoction of thyme and aniseed, and mucilage of marshmallow root (Weleda Hustenelixier, new formulation) and its tolerability were investigated in an open clinical trial ('Anwendungsbeleg'). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January and March 2004, 13 general practitioners recruited and treated 62 patients with a mean age of 50 years (range 16-89). The patients had irritating cough in consequence of common cold (n = 29), bronchitis (n = 20) or respiratory tract diseases with formation of viscous mucus (n = 15). The mean daily intake was 10 ml (range 7.5-15) of syrup, and the mean duration of treatment was 12 days (range 3-23 days). Treatment results were assessed on the basis of changes in the symptom scores for cough and expectoration. Safety was evaluated by means of an analysis of adverse events. In addition, efficacy and tolerability were analyzed from the judgments of the doctors and patients. RESULTS: At the final visit, all symptom scores showed an improvement as compared to baseline. Doctors and patients assessed efficacy as good or very good in 86% and 90% of the cases, respectively. Tolerability was assessed as good or very good by 97% of the doctors and patients. Only one adverse event was reported. However, a relation to the medication was classified to be unlikely. CONCLUSION: Considering the traditional use of ivy leaves, thyme herb, aniseed and marshmallow root in preparations for cough, the reduction in the symptom score as well as the good tolerability the investigated combined herbal cough syrup seems to alleviate cough in consequence of common cold, bronchitis or respiratory tract diseases with formation of mucus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica.

6 cases of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica are discussed. Diagnoses were established ante mortem. Endoscopic examination was performed in 3 patients because of hematic expectoration, in the other 3 cases the induction was given by chronic bronchorhea, slow-resolving pneumonia and suspected neoplasia, respectively. Calcification and cartilaginous areas were restricted to a small portion of the tracheobronchial tree in 1 of the cases; in 3 cases the disease affected the trachea and both main bronchi, whereas it was found markedly spread throughout the trachea in the last 2 patients. Tracheal tomography and bronchoscopic examination are considered the methods of choice for an ante mortem diagnosis of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Changes in clinical status and lung functions of patients with chronic respiratory diseases over 10 years.

After a period of 10 years the authors reexamined the respiratory health status of 381 dust-exposed males. Of the lung function values examined Raw, RV/TLC%, VC, TGV and PaO2 were found to be of significant prognostic importance. Among the radiological changes characteristic of silicosis the most serious B-C category, among the respiratory complaints dyspnoea accompanied by regular cough and expectoration, and among the physical changes extended rhonchi and rales accompanied by an emphysematous thorax are to be considered as most essential with respect to prognosis. Smoking habits significantly affected the total death rate, but did not prove to be significant with regard to respiratory death. In the development of bronchial obstruction recurrent febrile respiratory diseases proved to be more important than smoking habits and mild bronchitic complaints.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1986

Acetylcysteine: a drug with an interesting past and a fascinating future.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) possesses a free sulfhydryl group that can rupture disulfide bridges. Although it is considered to be a mucolytic, its mucokinetic actions include expectorant, bronchorrheic and mucoregulatory contributions. New uses include the management of acetaminophen poisoning and the scavenging of free radicals liberated by cancer chemotherapy drugs. The antioxidant effects may be of prophylactic value in lungs at risk from smoking, pollution and infection. Other uses proposed for NAC include the therapy of connective tissue diseases and its use as a component in life extension diets.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1986

Blind randomized cross-over comparative study of salbutamol and the combination fenoterol-ipratropium IK6 in patients with bronchial asthma.

A blind randomized cross-over comparative study of salbutamol and the combination fenoterol/ipratropium was carried out in 20 patients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma; clinical and functional serial parameters were evaluated. The combination was more effective than salbutamol in preventing crisis and incidence of cough and wheezing, and in the spirometric results. There were no significant differences in expectoration and the functional parameters improved not only in flow but also in volume. Pathogenesis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Clinical efficacy of ambroxol in the treatment of bronchial stasis. Clinical trial in 120 patients at two different doses.

Mucosolvan is a 'mucus-modifier' whose active compound is ambroxol. The aim of our research was to determine its clinical efficacy in the treatment of bronchial stasis by carrying out two successive double-blind studies in two parallel groups of patients and comparing ambroxol with placebo in a treatment lasting 10 days. The first trial involving 60 patients daily treated with 120 mg of ambroxol showed significant differences (p less than 0.05) in sputum volume, sputum viscosity, difficulty of expectoration, and severity of cough when compared with the placebo group. The two groups of patients were initially well matched and the drug was well tolerated. In a second trial involving 60 new patients daily treated with 30 mg of ambroxol, the drug showed no clear clinical effects. We conclude that ambroxol is an effective 'mucus modifier' and is well tolerated at a dose of 120 mg/day.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ambroxol for the prevention of chronic bronchitis exacerbations: long-term multicenter trial. Protective effect of ambroxol against winter semester exacerbations: a double-blind study versus placebo.

In a 6-month, double-blind multicenter trial conducted over the winter, the effects of daily administration of ambroxol retard (75 mg) were compared with those of placebo in preventing exacerbations and improving symptoms and clinical signs in chronic bronchitis patients. The trial was completed by 110 patients in the ambroxol group and by 104 in the placebo group. Initially, there were no significant differences between the groups. By the end of the 2nd month of treatment, 67.2% of the ambroxol group had had no exacerbations compared to 50.4% in the placebo group. At the end of the 6-month trial, 45.5% of the treatment group had had no exacerbations, compared to only 14.4% of the control group. These differences were statistically significant. Patients in the treatment group lost significantly fewer days through illness (442) and had fewer days when they needed antibiotic therapy (371) compared to the placebo group patients (837 and 781). Ambroxol also produced statistically significant symptomatic improvement, measured as difficulty in expectoration, coughing, presence of dyspnea and the auscultatory signs as compared to controls. Since ambroxol was well tolerated and compliance was good, it appears like a drug of choice for pharmacological prophylaxis of chronic bronchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Impaired mucus clearance in patients with chronic bronchial sepsis, sinusitis and dextrocardia.

Published reports have indicated that patients with Kartagener's syndrome (dextrocardia, sinusitis and bronchiectasis) have no significant lung mucociliary clearance. With a radioaerosol technique we measured over a 6-hour observation period the tracheobronchial clearance of 8 patients with dextrocardia, chronic bronchial sepsis and chronic sinusitis (DC). The tracheobronchial clearance of these patients was significantly reduced (p less than 0.02) compared with that of 29 healthy subjects of similar age. However, even when allowance was made for productive coughing during the observation period, the reduced clearance was much better than anticipated from published reports in patients with Kartagener's syndrome, which confined their observations to a 2-hour period. The tracheobronchial clearance of the DC patients, adjusted for productive coughing, was as bad as that found in an older group of patients with chronic obstructive airways disease who refrained from expectorating during the equivalent test period. Our study implies one or more of the following possibilities: (a) a spectrum of mucociliary impairment in patients with DC; (b) an effective cough clearance deeper in the lung than hitherto believed, and (c) two-phase flow of mucus cephalad as an effective clearance mechanism in patients with DC.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1989

Italian multicenter study on the treatment of chronic obstructive lung disease with bromhexine. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

237 out-patients suffering from chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) were selected from 7 Italian clinical centers. They were randomly allocated to either placebo or bromhexine 30 mg b.i.d. p.o., in a double-blind fashion. Sputum volume and quality, facility of expectoration, cough, dyspnea, auscultatory thoracic symptoms, forced expiratory volume, peak expiratory flow rate and residual volume were evaluated. Bromhexine showed a statistically significant therapeutic activity in comparison to placebo. This action was rapid, marked and effective in determining a modulation of bronchial secretions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Long-lasting effects on rheology and clearance of bronchial mucus after short-term administration of high doses of carbocysteine-lysine to patients with chronic bronchitis.

The rheological behavior and clearance of bronchial mucus samples collected by protected expectoration from 24 out-patients with simple chronic bronchitis were investigated before, at the end of a short period of treatment (4 days) with a single oral dose of 2.7 g (sachet) of carbocysteine-lysine (evening meal), and on the 4th and 8th days after the end of treatment versus placebo. In the group treated with carbocysteine-lysine, there were significant reductions in viscosity (-67, -48, -62%) and increases in mucociliary transport (+41, +31, +34%) at the three times mentioned. The most striking finding was that the improvements were still present 8 days after cessation of treatment. The elasticity parameter was not affected in any statistically significant way (-10, -24, +65%). These findings suggest the presence of some type of 'post-mucoactive' effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Role of bromhexine in exacerbations of bronchiectasis. Double-blind randomized multicenter study versus placebo.

The effectiveness of bromhexine in the treatment of patients with bronchiectasis, in a stage of clinical exacerbation, was assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 88 in-patients. Bronchiectasis was diagnosed by bronchography and/or CT scan. Bromhexine or matched placebo was administered as 30-mg capsules three times daily per os. Ceftazidine, 1 g i.m., was given to all patients once a day for the first week only. Bromhexine seemed to improve the clinical picture, with significantly positive trends for expectoration, quantity of sputum and auscultatory findings. It also increased the FEV1 and was well-tolerated. Both patients and investigators judged it efficacious.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Use of flutter VRP1 in the management of patients with steroid-dependent asthma.

We have assessed a new positive expiratory pressure device, the Flutter VRP1, in 20 patients with moderately severe asthma. Patients were studied for an initial 1-week 'run-in' period, followed by 2 weeks of the flutter device in one of which the ball-bearing was removed from the bowl. Peak expiratory flow rates, salbutamol inhaler requirements and visual analogue scores were recorded daily. Ease of sputum expectoration showed a significant improvement after 6 days of the flutter device, but there were no differences in objective measurements of lung function nor in salbutamol use. The device may be a useful adjunct to asthma therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Study of the diffusion of cefotiam in the bronchial secretions.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration in the bronchial secretions of a new injectable cephalosporin, cefotiam, which is characterized by an excellent antibacterial activity, stability against beta-lactamases and interesting pharmacokinetic properties. 30 patients suffering from acute exacerbation of a chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis with expectoration, received either 1 g i. v. of cefotiam in a single dose or four doses of 1 g each over a period of 3 days. The bronchial secretion samples were obtained by fibroscopy, 1, 2, or 4 h after the last dose, in order to evaluate the kinetics of the bronchial concentration of cefotiam. Blood samples were taken simultaneously in order to establish a possible correlation between the bronchial and serum levels of the drug. The results of the study show a rapid and significant transfer of the drug through the bronchoalveolar capillaries, elevated bronchial concentrations starting from the 2nd h, reaching 10 micrograms/ml (or more) in certain cases, slow elimination with bronchial concentrations persisting at high levels for up to 4 h and a ratio between bronchial and serum concentrations of 25-60% at the 2nd h and more than 100% at the 3rd and 4th h. These results confirm the excellent diffusion of cefotiam, especially in the respiratory tract, allowing bronchial levels largely superior to the minimum inhibitory concentrations required to kill the bacteria usually responsible for lower respiratory tract infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Effect of water rinsing after toothbrushing on fluoride ingestion and absorption.

This investigation was done to determine the bioavailability of fluoride (F) after toothbrushing associated with different water rinsing procedures. Eight adult subjects participated in four experiments, conducted with a randomised, crossover design: (A) 2 min brushing with an F dentifrice, followed by three quick (3 x 2 s) rinses, each with 10 ml of water; (B) brushing as in A followed by one long-lasting (1 min) rinse with 5 ml of water combined with the toothpaste-saliva mixture; (C) brushing as in A followed by expectoration but without any water rinse afterwards; and (D) ingestion of the toothpaste as a slurry with 100 ml of de-ionized water. Blood samples were collected before and frequently for 6 h after each experiment and analyzed for F content. The area under the plasma F concentration vs. time curves (AUC) was calculated and the degree of F absorption estimated. AUC values obtained in experiment D were assumed to represent 100% F bioavailability. The plasma values recorded during experiment A were not significantly greater than the baseline values, indicating almost no F absorption when 3 quick water rinses were performed after toothbrushing. The degrees of F absorption after one long-lasting water rinse (B) were 7.6 +/- 4.2% and with no water rinse after toothbrushing (C) 23.8 +/- 13.5%, respectively. The results showed that the degree of F absorption after toothbrushing using an F toothpaste is strongly related to the mode of water rinsing.

Absorption↗
PubMed1996

Integration of methods for determining the acido/cariogenic potential of foods: a comparison of several different methods.

Assessment of the acido/cariogenicity of 11 fruits and cereals was carried out using methods recommended at the San Antonio Conference: plaque pH by sampling (PS), indwelling electrode (IDE) and intra-oral cariogenicity test (ICT), together with additional tests of the total carbohydrate content of salivary expectorants, acid anion profiles of plaque, liberated maltose in plaque, total food carbohydrate and fluoride concentration. All foods within each test were compared with sucrose and sorbitol as positive and negative controls. Results for foods were ranked against sucrose for cH area under the curve for PS, for mean ratio [H+] of food versus sucrose (IDE) and mean change in indenter penetration length in enamel after exposure (ICT). Results showed that different rankings of foods were obtained with each method, with a greater degree of commonality for PS and ICT versus IDE. Factor analysis identified liberated maltose in plaque, area below the curve (PS), total food carbohydrate and plaque pH drop (PS) as being important in determining the potential cariogenicity of foods. It was concluded that each of the methods was of value and could be used to assess potential acido/cariogenicity of foods. The recommendation that it was desirable that at least two methods should be used was confirmed.

Acids↗
PubMed1996

Effect of sucralose in coffee on plaque pH in human subjects.

Our earlier work demonstrated that the sweetener sucralose, C12 H19 CI3 O8, mixed with water had no effect on intraoral plaque pH. The current study compared the effect on resting plaque pH of sucralose to sucrose when these sweeteners were used in hot coffee at equivalent sweetness levels. Twelve subjects with an identified acidogenic plaque were tested at dicrete sessions, using coffee as vehicle with: (1) sucrose; (2) sucralose; (3) sucralose plus maltodextrin (SM); (4) sucralose plus dextrose and maltodextrin (SMD), and (5) no additional sweetener. Each subject rinsed for 1 min with the test rinse, expectorated, and plaque pH was measured at six dental sites for 60 min using an antimony touch electrode method. Data were summarized for baseline pH, delta pH (baseline pH minus lowest pH attained), minimum pH, and area under the pH curve (AUC). Baseline pH was not different throughout all tests. Quantification of AUC in the various groups showed that sucralose with coffee had no statistically significant impact on plaque acidogenesis. AUC, minimum pH and delta pH were least changed by coffee and sucralose, while the SM and SMD combinations generally led to intermediate changes as compared with coffee sweetened with sucrose or sucralose. Because of its acidic nature, unsweetened coffee led to a modest pH depression, the effect of which appears to be blunted by sucralose. This study confirms that sucralose is non-acidogenic and indicates that sucralose may reduce the acidogenic potential of coffee.

Acids↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy, safety, and therapeutic relevance of transthoracic aspiration with ultrathin needle in nonventilated nosocomial pneumonia.

In order to determine the potential indications of transthoracic needle aspiration (TNA) using the ultrathin 25G needle for the diagnosis of nonopportunistic lung infections, we prospectively analyzed the diagnostic efficacy, safety, and therapeutic implications of its results in 97 patients with nonventilated nosocomial pneumonias (NVNP). The sensitivity of TNA was 60.9%. Specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were 100%. Negative predictive value (NPV) was 34.1%. The complications in the studied cases were nil in 89 cases (91.8%), transient hemoptoic expectoration (< 10 ml) in five (5.2%), and self-limited partial pneumothorax in three (3.1%). No complications needing treatment were observed. On the basis of a positive TNA result, the initial antibiotic treatment was modified in 29 of 97 (29.9%) cases. In twelve of these, the empirical antibiotic regimen was demonstrated to be ineffective. We conclude that, using the 25G needle, TNA has a good diagnostic efficacy and is a safe procedure for the etiologic investigation of NVNP. A positive TNA result has significant therapeutic relevance, even in cases where broad-spectrum antibiotics are empirically prescribed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Indices of airway inflammation in induced sputum: reproducibility and validity of cell and fluid-phase measurements.

Methods to examine sputum for indices of airway inflammation are evolving. We have examined the repeatability and the validity of an improved method to measure sputum cells and fluid-phase eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), albumin, fibrinogen, tryptase, and interleukin-5 (IL-5). Sputum was induced with hypertonic saline twice within 6 d in 10 healthy subjects, 19 stable asthmatics, and 10 smokers with nonobstructive bronchitis. The method included the processing of freshly expectorated sputum separated from saliva, treatment with a fixed proportion of dithiothreitol 0.1% followed by Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, making cytospins, and collecting the supernatant. The reproducibility of measurements, calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, was high for all indices measured with the exception of total cell counts and proportion of lymphocytes. Asthmatics, in comparison with healthy subjects and smokers with bronchitis, had a higher proportion of sputum eosinophils (median percent 5.2 versus 0.5 and 0.3), metachromatic cells (0.3 versus 0.07 and 0.08), ECP (1,040 micrograms/L versus 288 and 352), MBP (1,176 micrograms/L versus 304 and 160), and EDN (1,512 micrograms/L versus 448 and 272). Asthmatics differed from healthy subjects, but not from smokers with bronchitis, in the proportion of neutrophils (46.9% versus 24.1%), albumin (704 versus 288 micrograms/mL), and fibrinogen (2,080 versus 440 ng/mL). Smokers with bronchitis showed a trend for a higher neutrophil count and levels of albumin and fibrinogen than healthy subjects. The proportion of sputum eosinophils correlated positively with ECP, MBP, EDN, albumin and fibrinogen levels, and metachromatic cell counts correlated with tryptase. In asthmatics, IL-5 correlated with eosinophil counts. There was a significant negative correlation between sputum indices and expiratory flows and methacholine PC20. Thus, the methods of measuring cell and fluid phase markers in induced sputum used in this study are reproducible and valid. They can therefore be used to reliably measure these indices of airway inflammation.

Adult↗