SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Lingual abscesses were found in lambs from 2 midwestern flocks. Lesions resulted in reluctance to feed, emaciation, and death. Plant material was demonstrated at the center of abscesses in 1 flock. Veterinarians should examine tongues carefully when investigating lamb mortalities.
It is clinically well recognized that certain symptoms in anorexia nervosa such as motor hyperactivity, alert and animated mental disposition, and insufficient awareness of bodily changes are inconsistent with profound emaciation. This article discusses the metabolic, endocrine-hypothalamic, and neurotransmitter changes that occur in anorexia nervosa and explores the relationship of these changes to the development and maintenance of these symptoms.
Since a majority of old aged patients have the troublesome complications and their physical or mental emaciation is clearly appeared, it is necessary for them to adopt a new treatment method which was considered about their such conditions. The crude survival rate of old aged, over 71, patients suffered from carcinoma of the uterine cervix were 63.6% (7/11) for stage 1, 60% (36/60) for stage 2, 50% (53/106) for stage 3 and 28.6% (8/28) for stage 4. About 20% of patients in each stages were suffered from the complications. We considered the treatment for the old aged patients such as follows: the radiation dose must be reduced 10% for 71 to 75 year old and 20% for 76 to 80 year old. In the case of over 81 year old, an intracavitary irradiation is only applied for the palliative aim at the out patient clinic.
A 6-year-old male Yorkshire Terrier had clinical signs including intermittent vomiting and diarrhea associated with abdominal distention. Contrast radiography disclosed dilatation and decreased motility of the small intestine, with dilution of barium. Hemograms, blood chemical profiles, and results of fecal examinations and urinalyses were normal. Obstruction was not found at exploratory laparotomy, but a dilated segment of mid-jejunum was biopsied. There was hypoplasia of the tunica muscularis of the jejunum, without fibrosis, inflammation, or myenteric plexus involvement. The diagnosis was idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Post-operative care consisted solely of feeding bland foods. Three months after surgery there was progressive deterioration and emaciation due to chronic intestinal malabsorption.
Eleven adult Basenji dogs with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) were studied. Two items of history related to the digestive tract were characteristic: (i) chronic intractable diarrhea in most dogs, and (ii) progressive emaciation. Anorexia was intermittent in only a few dogs. In addition, skin lesions of various degrees of severity were observed, including alopecia of pinnae and ventrum, hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis of pinnae, and necrosis and ulcerations of margins of pinnae. The cause of the skin lesions was not determined; however, hypothyroidism did not appear to contribute to the skin changes. Standard hematologic and serum chemical values were not consistently abnormal. However, a poorly regenerative anemia, mild neutrophilia, and increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were generally observed in severely affected dogs. The Pelger-Huet anomaly was identified in dog 3. Maldigestion and malabsorption as determined by the N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid and d-xylose test was documented to varying degrees in dogs with IPSID. Maldigestion was correlated with functional pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Severe malabsorption was documented in only 3 dogs. Serum gastrin values were evaluated in these dogs because of a prior observation of parietal cell hyperplasia and gastric ulceration. Hypergastrinemia was documented in 3 dogs. Additional studies will be necessary to determine whether an acid hypersecretory state contributes to the pathogenesis of IPSID in Basenjis.
Hydrocephalus is known to produce progressive mental deterioration and other peculiar neurological symptoms and signs, such as gait disturbance, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs and urinary incontinence. Alteration of energy metabolism in various cerebral regions in association with hydrocephalus, however, has not been fully understood. The quantitative carbon 14 deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was employed in kaolin induced hydrocephalus of rats. The hydrocephalic rats developed marked emaciation with normal physiological parameters. They showed reduced motor activity and muscle tone and sluggish reflexes. The animals remained conscious and displayed no seizure activity. The rates of local cerebral glucose utilization in the cortical areas and the thalamus were significantly lower than those of the control animals. In the limbic system, the hypothalamus, and basal ganglia, the values showed considerable variation, however, the degrees of reduction were relatively mild. The values in the brain stem were either lower or higher than those of the control animals. The lower values were seen in the sensory system and higher values in the nucleus raphe and locus ceruleus. Decrease of the glucose utilization rate in the cerebellum was moderate and uniform in all the cerebellar structures. Reductions of the metabolic rates in the white matter structures were relatively uniform throughout the brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A selective thalamic degeneration is described in a 21-year-old Chinese female patient. Clinical history was characterized by a 3-year evolution of severe memory loss, progressive dementia, amenorrhea, emaciation, and short terminal coma. Neuronal losses were maximal in the thalamic anterior and medialis formations, but they were also noted in the pulvinar, the nuclei ventralis anterior, reticularis polaris, and dorsalis superficialis. The microneurons were generally spared. All other thalamic nuclei and the rest of the central nervous system were intact but for discrete changes in the bulbar olives. The clinical features and the classification of this case of selective thalamic atrophy are discussed.
Three children with diencephalic tumours are described. In these cases, the main clinical features are extreme emaciation and nystagmus. Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated the tumour. In one case, high levels of growth hormone were observed. In the three cases, the tumour was a glioma.
Studies on acute toxicities of bestatin (NK421) were carried out in both sexes of mice and rats, and male dogs. NK421 was administered subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and orally in mice and rats, and orally in dogs respectively. Mice and rats were observed for 14 days after treatment and LD50 values were calculated by the probit method. NK421 showed very low toxicity and no death occurred in any species following the oral administration of the maximum dose capable of dosing such as 4 g/kg for mice, 2 g/kg for rats and 1.2 g/kg for dog. General toxic signs seen in mice and rats following subcutaneous and intraperitonial injections were as follows; depression, suppressed movement, piloerection, inhibition of spontaneous movement, anorexia and emaciation. Death occurred within 5 days after administration. The toxic target organs of NK421 were found to be kidney, lymphoid tissue and liver based on histopathological examination of dead animals.
Chronic toxicity and its recovery of bestatin (NK421) was studied in both sexes of 28 Beagle dogs. At dose levels of 96, 38.4 and 15.4 mg/kg, NK421 was administered orally to dogs for 540 successive days. Control dogs were treated orally with 2 g/dog of corn starch. Each group consisted of 3 males and 3 females, and 2 males and 2 females were added to the 38.4 mg/kg group for a recovery test of 35 days. As general signs, anorexia, abnormal feces (loose stool, diarrhea, mucous stool), loss of activity, loss of lustre in fur, decoloration of the visible mucosa and emaciation were transiently observed in a early stage in 1 male and 1 female of the 96 mg/kg group. In correlation with these signs, slight anemia appeared hematologically, and the increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the decreased albumin ratio in serum protein fractions were observed biochemically. Except for the slight abnormal findings observed in the liver of the above 2 dogs, no significant changes were histopathologically noticed in any organ of all the dogs examined. The maximum non-toxic dose of NK421 in this study is estimated to be 38.4 mg/kg in dogs.
Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) antigen was detected in a cat from Cape Town which was subjected to euthanasia after a long history of upper respiratory infection and progressive emaciation. Based on the necropsy findings and subsequent histopathological examinations, a diagnosis of lymphosarcoma was made. It is regarded as likely that this tumour was caused by infection with FeLV.
Paratuberculosis in sheep usually is manifested as emaciation and decreased wool production. Diarrhea occurred in only 18% of affected animals. Significant hematologic changes included decreased RBC count, hemoglobin level and hematocrit. Necropsy revealed pallor, cachexia and serous fluid in body cavities. Staining of intestinal mucosal scrapings and mesenteric lymph node impression smears for acid-fast organisms revealed bright-red clumps of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacilli. Fecal examination identified 70% of affected animals, intradermal injection of johnin 60%, and avian tuberculin 39%.
Immunodeficient dwarfism in Weimaraner dogs was characterized by failure to grow, emaciation, growth hormone (GH) deficiency, decreased lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens, lack of thymus cortex, and recurrent infections usually resulting in death. Affected pups did not respond to conventional supportive therapy, but did respond to treatment with thymosin fraction 5. Response to therapy with bovine GH was monitored by clinical observation, histopathologic examination of thymic biopsy material, lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to nonspecific mitogens, and radioimmunoassay of thymosin alpha 1 concentration in the serum. Growth hormone therapy (0.1 mg/kg of body weight/dose, 14 doses) during a 1-month period in 2 immunodeficient dwarf pups resulted in clinical improvement and a marked increase in the thickness and cellularity of the cortex of the thymus. Immunodeficient dwarf pups were not deficient in serum thymosin alpha 1 before GH therapy. Growth hormone therapy was not associated with a consistent increase in serum thymosin alpha 1 concentration or lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens.
In the preceding study, neonatal deaths were observed when an analgesic, butorphanol tartrate (BT), was administered subcutaneously to female rats during the perinatal and lactating periods. In the present study, cross-fostering using CRJ:CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats was employed to clarify the cause of death. When the litters naturally delivered from dams receiving BT (25 mg/kg/day, s.c.) during the perinatal period were switched among one another within the BT-treated dams or placed with control (saline-treated) dams, the viability of newborns on postpartum day 3 was significantly lowered. Since some of the BT-treated dams were observed to neglect the delivery cares that were fundamental to dams such as removing amnions, umbilical cords and placentas, as well as gathering and lactating to newborns immediately after natural delivery, it was considered that death after cross-fostering was the result of the pups being emaciated before cross-fostering. This finding was supported by the fact that a significant elevation in the viability was revealed when the newborns Cesarean-delivered from BT-treated dams were placed with control or untreated dams. No significant effects of BT were observed on the viability and body weight of newborns at birth and on those of pups from postpartum day 3 through the weaning day.
Since 1971, 45 of 259 male rhesus monkeys housed in a primate building have died of a chronic and progressive disease characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, weakness, gingivitis, emaciation, and alopecia. The principal necropsy finding in these monkeys, and in eight others killed for experimental purposes, was hypertrophic and hyperplastic mucinous gastropathy involving both the mucosa and submucosa. The toxic agent involved was identified as the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), Aroclor 1254. The suspected source of the toxic agent was a concrete sealer used during building construction.
Male New Zealand White rabbits were treated with microsomal enzyme inducers, inhibitors of hemoprotein synthesis or action, and glutathione precursor and depletor before they were orally given the median lethal dose (LD50) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1; 0.4 mg/kg) at the start of a 7-day experimental period. The drugs administered, mean duration of illness (hours), and survival percentage were as follows: controls (saline solution)-85, 50%; phenobarbital (PB)-100, 100%; phenylbutazone-115, 67%; benzoflavone-39, 17%; stanozolol-67, 67%; cobaltous chloride (CoCl2)-46, 67%; piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-88, 100% cysteine (CYS)-68, 100%; ethyl maleate-71, 83%. Signs of toxicosis included decreased feed and water consumption, weight loss, dehydration, lethargy, and emaciation; some rabbits died or were euthanatized. Clinico-pathologic changes included increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity by 24 hours and bilirubin concentration by 48 to 72 hours after AFB1 was given. Grossly, livers were pale or tan and friable, with prominent lobular architecture. Kidneys of affected rabbits were pale to dark red. Microscopically, livers were normal or had lesions as great as extensive necrosis, hemorrhage, mineralization, and bile duct proliferation. Treatment of rabbits with PB, CoCl2, PBO, and CYS protected against AFB1 hepatic pathology, and PB, PBO, and CYS also had protective effect against lethality. Ethyl maleate provided some protection against lethality and increased serum AST activity and bilirubin concentration. Toxicosis was enhanced by benzoflavone; phenylbutazone and stanozolol had litte influence.
Intestinal and bladder injury are the main limiting factors to radiation therapy in patients with pelvic neoplasms. 2-Amino-ethylisothiouronium (AET) is a radiation-protective agent when given systemically but absorbs poorly from the intestines. Accordingly, it was explored for the local protection of the bowel and bladder during radiation to the pelvis. Radiation localized to the pelvis in various high fractionated doses and various schedules was applied to pairs of stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides): one was always a control; and the other was treated with AET. AET was applied to the bladder through a catheter and to the rectum with a cotton tampon during the time of radiation. After radiation, AET was removed by repeated washings. Control animals developed hemorrhage, diarrhea, and emaciation and died at various times after completion of the radiation course; biopsy of rectal mucosa showed severe radiation damage. AET-treated animals had only occult blood in the stools and suffered slight weight loss; rectal biopsies showed normal tissues 2 weeks after radiation.
Renal biopsies from 40 patients with hypokalemia and hyponatremia of an average of 10 years' duration due to abuse of laxatives or diuretics, anorexia nervosa, or chronic vomiting were examined with morphometric methods. Light microscopy revealed the following alterations in the renal cortex as compared with 36 normal kidney: JGC were sometimes slightly and sometimes enormously enlarged (mean, 217%). Smaller glomeruli were found with reduction in the area of the glomerular capillaries and of Bowman's capsule (+/- 7%) but an increase in the area of the mesangial matrix by 25%. The proximal and distal tubules contained nonspecific vacuoles in only 8 of 40 biopsy specimens. Only minor, age-dependent arteriolosclerosis was demonstrable. In 75% of the cases, the interstitial surface area was increased (by 107%) with predominantly focal lymphocytic cellular infiltration. Interstitial fibrosis was more pronounced in emaciated patients. The morphologic-functional correlation between the increase of interstitial surface area and the rise in serum creatinine concentration was highly significant. Typical kaliopenic nephropathy is therefore detectable by light microscopy. GFR impairment correlates with the extent of interstitial fibrosis.