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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The Kobe earthquake: the system response. A disaster report from Japan.

The Great Hanshin earthquake on 17 January 1995 caused a complete disruption of both the communications and transportation systems which, as a result, severely hampered a prompt and timely system response. The survival rate of the extricated victims was 80.4% on the first day, and 1892 victims were extricated with an overall survival rate of 40%. Very few patients were transported to hospitals outside the disaster area on the first day of the disaster. The power supply was quickly reestablished, however, it took a long time for the water supply to return to normal and this factor played a major role in limiting the clinical activities of the damaged hospitals. Crush syndrome was the most prominent medical syndrome necessitating critical care after the Kobe earthquake. The Japanese Association for Acute Medicine has since made eight new proposals for emergency medicine during mass-disasters that will hopefully improve the survival of patients in any future disasters.

Communication↗
PubMed1997

Tools for evaluating disasters: preliminary results of some hundreds of disasters.

Epidemiologic research of disasters is hampered by a lack of uniformity and standardization in describing these events. By applying a classification and scoring system, which recently became available, an analysis could be performed of 416 disasters from the past 40 years. Only 79 references were useful in obtaining reliable figures for a scoring on the Disaster Severity Scale (DSS). The various disaster types show a relationship between the DSS-scoring on the one hand, and the severity factor (S) and the number of dead and wounded (n) on the other. It is concluded that the classification and scoring system used could serve as a tool for evaluating the majority of disasters. A small improvement of this system is recommended.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1999

Order in chaos: modelling medical management in disasters.

The medical aspects of disaster management, also referred to as disaster medicine, is a relatively new medical specialty, the roots of which are to be found in war surgery and traumatology. The main content of disaster medicine is based on empiricism. During the past couple of years, a mathematical approach to some aspects has been added. This may well result in the creation of some order in chaos. This modelling of medical disaster management is important not only in the preparedness phase, but also during the disaster itself and its evaluation. This may in turn result in a decrease in mortality, morbidity and disability amongst disaster casualties.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed2002

Correlation between injuries sustained in the A17 coach accident and the seating location.

Road traffic accidents where coaches are involved are increasing. Having been confronted with a similar incident giving rise to the deployment of the medical disaster plan of West Flanders, we have been looking for particular mechanisms to explain the passengers' injuries. We identified some technical aspects (e.g. foot bars) to consider when safety precautions have to be taken.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2003

Integration of foreign and local medical staff in a disaster area: the Honduras and El Salvador experiences.

International medical aid after natural disasters may take various forms, ranging from self-sufficient military forces to single experts or specialists who function primarily as advisers. A model integrating foreign and local medical staff has not previously been reported. In response to the call for international aid by the Honduran and El Salvadorian governments in the wake of Hurricane Mitch in November 1998 and the San Salvador earthquake in January 2001, Israel sent medical supplies and 10 member teams of medical professionals to each country. The aim of the present paper is to describe the unique Israeli approach to providing healthcare in disaster areas by integrating foreign and local medical staff, and to discuss its advantages and disadvantages. The paper focuses on the experience of the two emergency medicine physicians on the team who were assigned to the Atlantida General Hospital in La Ceiba, Honduras. The same team in San Salvador subsequently applied the same approach.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2004

The problems faced by three government disaster response teams of Ankara city during the Marmara earthquake - 1999 response.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the organization/system and personal problems faced by the personnel of Ankara greater municipality Firebrigade Department (firemen), Ankara Emergency Aid and Rescue Services (ambulance personnel), Civil Defence General Directorate's Ankara Search and Rescue Unit (rescuers), who participated in the 1999 Marmara earthquake. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1132 individuals were in the universe of the study; the total rate of participation was 95.1% (1076 individuals). This study was a cross-sectional survey, in which self-administered questionnaires were used. The study was conducted in May, June and July of 2001. RESULTS: Overall, 33.1% of the personnel of three government disaster response teams (356 individuals) said that they participated in the Marmara earthquake - 1999 response. The leading most important organization/system problem they faced during the Marmara earthquake was coordination (30.8%) according to the firemen, disaster management (31.4%) according to the rescuers, and coordination (41.6%) according to the ambulance personnel. The personal problems faced during the Marmara earthquake by the firemen were food problems (56.4%), accommodation problems (62.8%), safety problems (28.2%) and health problems (71.8%); according to the rescuers they were food problems (77.1%), accommodation problems (48.6%), safety problems (74.3%) and health problems (51.4%), and according to the ambulance personnel they were food problems (47.7%), accommodation problems (58.0%), safety problems (31.7%) and health problems (26.7%). CONCLUSION: Among the organization/system problems faced by the personnel of three government disaster response teams in the Marmara Earthquake of 1999, coordination problems were the major concern. The personnel also had some personal problems such as food, accommodation, safety and health.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Turning point sets the stage for emergency preparedness planning.

Nearly a billion dollars were made available to state health departments through federal grants in the spring of 2002 for public health emergency preparedness plans. Twenty-one states had already been participating for some years in The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Turning Point Initiative. This article illustrates how earlier practice and experience in developing cross-sector collaborations and institutionalizing a model of broad-based partnerships for public health decision making can increase effectiveness and efficiency in responding to a call for action around an emergency.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMed2005

Coastal terrorism: using tabletop discussions to enhance coastal community infrastructure through relationship building.

The unique vulnerability of the nation's ports to terrorist attacks and other major disasters requires development of specialized training approaches that integrate and connect critical stakeholders. In 2003, the University of South Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness developed and held its first Coastal Terrorism workshop in conjunction with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Key federal, regional, state, and coastal agency leaders were invited to the 2-day event to explore, in a no-risk environment, the crucial role that public health agencies would play in a covert biological agent incident aboard a cruise ship. The incident began as a possible outbreak of a Norwalk-like viral agent; however, as the scenario unfolded, evidence of a terrorist plot emerged. This immediately shifted the scenario from a public health-dominated incident to one directed by law enforcement. Communication and coordination issues surfaced illustrating potential conflicts between disciplines and jurisdictions in terms of roles and responsibilities of responding agencies. The goals of the workshop were to facilitate communication and interagency networking among coastal stakeholders while assessing their training and research needs and increasing their familiarity with resources and protocols regarding a bioterrorist coastal event. Positive systems changes were observed.

Bioterrorism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Burn specialty teams.

Natural disasters have always been a threat. human-caused disasters, especially terrorist acts, are increasing in frequency. Burn centers and providers have an important contribution to make in caring for those injured in these incidents. The most effective way to make a contribution is to act in cooperation with the Federal Disaster Response, which is organized by the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. It appears that this can be most effectively accomplished through participation in the Burn Specialty Team Program, which has been developed to rapidly augment emergency medical teams with burn expertise.

Burn Units↗