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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Diagnostic ability of optical coherence tomography with a normative database to detect localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of third-generation optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT) with a normative database to detect localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: One eye of each of 55 subjects (43 normal-tension glaucoma and 12 primary open-angle glaucoma subjects) with localized, wedge-shaped RNFL defects by red-free RNFL photographs and corresponding visual field defects (mean deviation, -6.77+/-3.54; range, -1.25 to -9.20 dB). METHODS: The segments of the borderline and outside normal limits in the RNFL thickness profile of OCT were considered to be significant RNFL defects by OCT and by comparison with their corresponding red-free RNFL photographs. The angular locations and widths of RNFL defects by OCT were compared with those of RNFL defects by red-free RNFL photographs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity and specificity of OCT with a normative database to detect the localized RNFL defects. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 57.9+/-10.6 years (range, 25-78 years). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the OCT with a normative database for detecting localized RNFL defects were 85.9% and 97.4%, respectively. The OCT with a normative database showed good diagnostic agreement with red-free RNFL photographs (overall kappa value = 0.79). The angular locations and widths of RNFL defects by OCT were highly correlated with those of RNFL defects by red-free RNFL photographs (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.996 and 0.725, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The OCT with a normative database can detect localized RNFL defects with moderate sensitivity and high specificity, and shows good diagnostic agreement with red-free RNFL photographs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Secure medical databases: design and operation.

Medical database security plays an important role in the overall security of medical information systems. The development of appropriate secure database design and operation methodologies is an important problem in the area and a necessary prerequisite for the successful development of such systems. The general framework for medical database security and a number of parameters of the secure medical database design and operation problem are presented and discussed. A secure medical database development methodology is also presented which could help overcome some of the problems currently encountered.

Computer Security↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lower accuracy of TI-201 SPECT in women is not improved by size-based normal databases or Wiener filtering.

BACKGROUND: We have shown that the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) thallium 201 myocardial perfusion imaging is lower in women than in men and that much of the difference can be explained by the smaller size of the left ventricle in women. Therefore attempts at improving the accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging in women should focus on the problem of lower accuracy in patients with small chamber size. We evaluated two strategies for this: size- and gender-based normal databases and inverse filtering with the Wiener filter. METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 618 patients undergoing exercise SPECT TI-201 who either had a low pre-test probability of coronary artery disease or had catheterization-documented disease. Their images were analyzed on the basis of gender and chamber size: both gender and size- and gender-based normal databases were created. The studies were analyzed quantitatively, and the accuracy was evaluated by use of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Chamber size was significantly lower in women (size index 69+/-22 women vs 96+/-28 men; P < .0001). The accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging was lower in women compared with men (ROC area: 0.92+/-0.01 men vs 0.85+/-0.03 women; P = .03), and there was an even greater difference in accuracy between patients with large versus small chamber size (ROC area: 0.94+/-0.01 large vs 0.81+/-0.03 small; P < .001). There was no improvement in the diagnostic accuracy either in women or in patients with small chamber size when a size- and gender-based normal database, Wiener filter, or the Wiener filter with a size- and gender-based normal database was used. CONCLUSION: The left ventricular chamber size in women is smaller than that in men. There is a significant difference in the accuracy of quantitative SPECT TI-201 between men and women and an even greater difference between patients with large versus small chamber size. Neither size- and gender-based databases nor Wiener filtering significantly improves accuracy in women or in patients with small chamber size.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The potential role of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare in a National Cardiac Surgery Database.

The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare has responsibility for developing national health information and collections and is thus a candidate for building and operating a National Cardiac Surgery Database. Many functional characteristics place the Institute in a favourable position for establishing and maintaining a national patient-based database of cardiac surgery. These include its experience in the field of database management, its record of objectivity and its capacity to provide data protection. In addition it has significant experience in monitoring cardiovascular diseases, their risk factors, treatments and outcomes through its National Centre for Monitoring Cardiovascular Disease. The Institute, a statutory body operating within the Federal Government's health portfolio, is independent of policy, administrative and regulatory functions within that portfolio. The health-related databases managed by the Institute include those that record national statistics on insulin-treated diabetes, hospital separations, cancer and death. The Institute also maintains, on behalf of the National Heart Foundation, a cardiac surgery register based on aggregated data from cardiac units. This register is not patient based as the new database would be. With this range of experience, the Institute sees itself well placed to contribute to the development of this important project.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Databases for congenital heart disease: A beginner's guide.

We discuss the reasons for collecting data on operations for congenital heart defects. Computerized databases facilitate the collection, storage, and retrieval of such data. We outline the basic criteria for selecting a suitable database to cater to the particular needs of a surgeon or a department and stress the importance of the accuracy of the data held in a database. We explain the relative advantage of simple versus complex database systems. We conclude with a summary of the steps required for a practicing congenital heart surgeon to set up and operate a simple database. Copyright 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

[Development of a clinical-radiological CD-ROM database for focal lesions of the liver].

PURPOSE: The development of a CD-ROM database for continuous acquisition and archiving of interesting radiologic cases is described. As a pilot study radiologic images of focal lesions of the liver were collected. METHODS: The database runs on a PC (80486 DX2, 66 MHz, 16 MB RAM), which is connected to the clinic network, a high quality x-ray scanner and a CD-ROM writer. Radiologic images can be inserted into the database either by scanner or by image transfer via network. The database is designed using Access 2.0. Well documented cases were chosen retrospectively, manipulated and archived. RESULTS: 308 images of 12 focal lesions with a capacity of 802 MB were stored on CD-ROM. Per case a storage capacity of 40-75 MB is necessary for image raw material, 15-25 MB are necessary for the postprocessed data. Spatial resolution is 190 dpi (3000 pixel/40 cm). Clinical data, radiological diagnosis coded by modified ACR index and a compressed icon of the images are stored on PC, the image data are stored on CD-ROM. 2.5 hours per case are needed for the complete acquisition, manipulation and archiving procedure, but improved hardware configuration can reduce the time significantly. CONCLUSION: The described database allows continuous archiving of interesting radiologic cases on PC. ACR index is suited for a quick search of a specific combination of radiologic images and diagnosis from different modalities.

Angiography↗
PubMed1989

The HSE National Exposure Database--(NEDB).

The U.K. Health and Safety Executive's (HSE) National Exposure Database (NEDB) enables the storage and selective retrieval of occupational hygiene data. These data are used to inform policy-making and standard-setting bodies, such as the Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances (ACTS), of national trends in exposure to particular substances categorized into the various industries, processes and jobs at which exposures occur. The exposure data currently held are limited to those obtained from inspections and investigations carried out by HSE specialist inspectors. Discussion is under way with industry on how the database can be extended to include validated data provided by industry so as to provide a focal point for exposure data in the U.K. The database will thereby become a valuable source of information for industry. Standardization of the way in which exposure data and qualifying information are presented will assist in fulfilling these aims. The paper describes the structure of the database, the types of information input to it and the information which can be obtained from it. Organizations wishing to establish their own exposure databases, those who may wish to contribute data, and the many who are concerned with the collection and recording of occupational hygiene data, irrespective of the methods of storage and retrieval, are encouraged to use a similar format.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

METALGEN.DB: metabolism linked to the genome of Escherichia coli, a graphics-oriented database.

The table of 'biochemical pathways' published by Boehringer is considered as the most exhaustive document dealing with intermediary metabolism. The present work consisted of constructing a database in which is collected everything known to date about intermediary metabolism: metabolic pathways, bioreactions, metabolites, enzymatic activities, genes and regulation. Data on genes make it possible to establish a link with existing computer structures specialized for genomic sequences. The present structure of the database presented here consists of three environments. The first environment is graphic; it is modeled upon the Boehringer table, but is more convenient to use. The second environment provides the user with all kinds of manipulations of data (entries, corrections, deletions, consistency, limiting redundancy, etc.). These operations either are automatic or depend on a user-friendly interface (menus selected with the mouse) and so allow biologists at all levels to use the database and to develop it for their own particular needs. Finally, the third environment offers various procedures that make it possible to carry out multicriteria research on all the data in the database at once. This database can thus be substituted for the Boehringer table as a standard reference. It is also a tool that can be used to develop information systems not only in the domain of metabolism but also in the study of genomes (modeling, analysis of data, predictions, etc.).

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1984

A common philosophy and FORTRAN 77 software package for implementing and searching sequence databases.

I present a common philosophy for implementing the EMBL and GENBANK (BBN-Los Alamos) nucleic acid sequence databases, as well as the National Biological Foundation (Dayhoff) protein sequence database. The associated FORTRAN 77 fully transportable software package includes: 1) modules for implementing each of these databases from the initial magnetic tape file, 2) modules performing a fast mnemonic access, 3) modules performing key-string access and allowing the definition of user-specific database subsets, 4) a common probe searching module allowing the stacking of multiple combined search requests over the databases. This software is particularly suitable for 32-bit mini/microcomputers but would eventually run on 16-bit computers.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Electronic databases.

Electronic databases corresponding to most of the world's currently published literature and many other types of information are publicly available through online systems. Scientific databases that give references for publications are numerous and widely used; scientific numeric databases that are open to the public are far fewer and less used. Online retrieval systems are becoming easier to use as a result of the introduction of artificial intelligence techniques and user-friendly front ends and gateways. Issues related to electronic databases include public-private sector competition, transborder data flow, copyright, downloading, and the changing roles in database generation and processing.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Home injuries and built form--methodological issues and developments in database linkage.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this body of research is to determine whether injuries in the home are more common in particular types of housing. Previous home injuries research has tended to focus on behaviours or the provision of safety equipment to families with young children. There has been little consideration of the physical environment. This study reports methodological developments in database linkage and analysis to improve researchers abilities to utilise large administrative and clinical databases to carry out health and health services research. METHODS: The study involved linking a database of home injuries obtained from an emergency department surveillance system with an external survey of all homes in an area and population denominators for home types derived from a health service administrative database. Analysis of injury incidence by housing type was adjusted for potential biases due to deprivation and distance to hospital. For non-injured individuals data confidentiality considerations required the deprivation and distance measures be imputed. The process of randomly imputing these variables and the testing of the validity of this approach is detailed. RESULTS: There were 14,081 first injuries in 112,248 residents living in 54,081 homes over a two-year period. The imputation method worked well with imputed and observed measures in the injured group being very similar. Re-randomisation and a repeated analysis gave identical results to the first analysis. One particular housing type had a substantially elevated odds ratio for injury occurrence, OR = 2.07 (95% CI: 1.87 to 2.30). CONCLUSIONS: The method of data linkage, imputation and statistical analysis used provides a basis for improved analysis of database linkage studies.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed2004

Use of satellite imagery in constructing a household GIS database for health studies in Karachi, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Household-level geographic information systems (GIS) database are usually constructed using the geographic positioning system (GPS). In some research settings, GPS receivers may fail to capture accurate readings due to structural barriers such as tall buildings. We faced this problem when constructing a household GIS database for research sites in Karachi, Pakistan because the sites are comprised of congested groups of multi-storied building and narrow lanes. In order to overcome this problem, we used high resolution satellite imagery (IKONOS) to extract relevant geographic information. RESULTS: The use of IKONOS satellite imagery allowed us to construct an accurate household GIS database, which included the size and orientation of the houses. The GIS database was then merged with health data, and spatial analysis of health was possible. CONCLUSIONS: The methodological issues introduced in this paper provide solutions to the technical barriers in constructing household GIS database in a heavily populated urban setting.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Knowledge discovery in databases of biomechanical variables: application to the sit to stand motor task.

ABSTRACT : BACKGROUND : The interpretation of data obtained in a movement analysis laboratory is a crucial issue in clinical contexts. Collection of such data in large databases might encourage the use of modern techniques of data mining to discover additional knowledge with automated methods. In order to maximise the size of the database, simple and low-cost experimental set-ups are preferable. The aim of this study was to extract knowledge inherent in the sit-to-stand task as performed by healthy adults, by searching relationships among measured and estimated biomechanical quantities. An automated method was applied to a large amount of data stored in a database. The sit-to-stand motor task was already shown to be adequate for determining the level of individual motor ability. METHODS : The technique of search for association rules was chosen to discover patterns as part of a Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process applied to a sit-to-stand motor task observed with a simple experimental set-up and analysed by means of a minimum measured input model. Selected parameters and variables of a database containing data from 110 healthy adults, of both genders and of a large range of age, performing the task were considered in the analysis. RESULTS : A set of rules and definitions were found characterising the patterns shared by the investigated subjects. Time events of the task turned out to be highly interdependent at least in their average values, showing a high level of repeatability of the timing of the performance of the task. CONCLUSIONS : The distinctive patterns of the sit-to-stand task found in this study, associated to those that could be found in similar studies focusing on subjects with pathologies, could be used as a reference for the functional evaluation of specific subjects performing the sit-to-stand motor task.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Computerized database of drug interactions: a paradigm for resolving a communication gap in otolaryngology.

The tremendous increase in the number of prescription and non-prescription drugs available to physicians and patients increases the likelihood for adverse drug interactions. This study addresses the feasibility of using contemporary computer technology to provide the physician with the most up-to-date information in order to prevent such adverse reactions. The study involved three stages: 1. determination of physician attitudes regarding the use of the database; 2. creation of a database applicable to otolaryngology; and 3. testing of the database in office practice. The study demonstrated that many physicians were unsatisfied with their ability to remain conversant with the literature regarding drug interactions and that they were receptive to the notion of using computers for this purpose. It further demonstrated that a database could be constructed by an otolaryngologist for use in office practice and that the database contained other clinically useful information.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Online searching for human nutrition: an evaluation of databases.

This study compares six databases which contain information on applied and clinical human nutrition: AGRICOLA, BIOSIS, CAB ABSTRACTS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SCI-SEARCH. Five research questions were searched, and the results were compared to identify the database of first choice and to determine the degree of overlap among the databases. Results indicate that for most of the human nutrition questions searched, MEDLINE was the most productive database. However, MEDLINE alone only uncovered 24% to 69% of the citations available. A combination of MEDLINE and at least one other database is recommended. The results of this study suggest that for most human nutrition questions, AGRICOLA is the best file to complement MEDLINE.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis in men: effect of measurement site and normative database.

Controversy exists regarding which sites to measure, and the appropriate reference database to use, for densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis in men. While hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD) measurement is routine, spinal osteoarthritis often elevates measured BMD in older men. Additionally, the use of male reference data is standard practice; however, recent reports suggest that a female database may be more appropriate. This study evaluated the effect of sites measured, and normative database utilized, on the densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis in men. Spine, femur, and ultradistal radial BMD T-scores were determined in 595 male veterans using the GE Lunar male normative database. Subsequently, World Health Organization diagnostic criteria were applied, identifying 282 men with osteoporosis (T-score </= 2.5). The combination of femoral (lowest of neck or total) with the ultradistal radius site was more sensitive (p < 0.0001) for diagnosing osteoporosis than femur plus lumbar spine. When scans from 129 subjects with documented fractures were analyzed using female normative data, fewer (p < 0.0001) met an arbitrary threshold for receiving pharmacologic osteoporosis therapy. In conclusion, BMD measurement at only the spine and hip leads to underdiagnosis of osteoporosis in men. This situation will be exacerbated by utilization of a female normative database; more men with prior fracture may be categorized as not meeting a pharmaceutical intervention threshold.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

Drug Adverse Reaction Target Database (DART) : proteins related to adverse drug reactions.

An adverse drug reaction (ADR) often results from interaction of a drug or its metabolites with specific protein targets important in normal cellular function. Knowledge about these targets is both important in facilitating the study of the mechanisms of ADRs and in new drug discovery. It is also useful in the development and testing of rational drug design and safety evaluation tools. The Drug Adverse Reaction Database (DART) is intended to provide comprehensive information about adverse effect targets of drugs described in the literature. Moreover, proteins involved in adverse effect targets of chemicals not yet confirmed as ADR targets are also included as potential targets. This database gives physiological function of each target, binding drugs/agonists/antagonists/activators/inhibitors, IC(50) values of the inhibitors, corresponding adverse effects, and type of ADR induced by drug binding to a target. Cross-links to other databases are also introduced to facilitate the access of information about the sequence, 3-dimensional structure, function, and nomenclature of each target along with drug/ligand binding properties, and related literature. The database currently contains entries for 147 ADR targets and 89 potential targets. A total of 187 adverse reaction conditions, 257 drugs, and 1080 ligands known to bind to each of these targets are also currently described. Each entry can be retrieved through multiple search methods including target name, target physiological function, adverse effect, ligand name, and biological pathways. A special page is provided for contribution of new or additional information. This database can be accessed at http://xin.cz3.nus.edu.sg/group/drt/dart.asp.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1991

Risks associated with clinical databases.

Providers will succeed who are evaluating themselves, and who are continuously striving to examine who they are and where they are going. Conscientious providers know that countless other agencies have them under the microscope and that they have to work to stay ahead in assessing their actions through their clinical database. "Medical care value purchasing" is what every employer and payor is looking for, and providers need to find ways to illustrate cost in relation to quality. The basics of data security and protection should be in place in order to concentrate on the bigger picture. The knowledge of the risk associated with individual hospital databases as well as the risk associated with comparative databases is critical. The hospital-level clinical database is the hub of the wheel. If the risk there can be minimized, the data headed for various investigative sites will have less inherent risk. When it is really recognized and accepted that all financial decisions are made based upon the clinical data generated at the site of care, then data integrity will become a strategic advantage for the industry. Clinical database goals will, over time, cause minimization of risk at all levels. As this occurs, variation in treatment will be explained artfully.

Clinical Medicine↗