Problems of contact dermatitis in the atopic individual, with reference to neomycin and ragweed oil sensitivity.
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Ambrosia↗
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Studies in contact dermatitis. XII. Sensitivity to oleyl alcohol.
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Cosmetics↗
Formaldehyde contact dermatitis. I. A simple method for determination of small amounts of formaldehyde.
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Dermatitis, Contact↗
[Contact dermatitis caused by crutches].
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Crutches↗
[Local antihistamines in contact dermatitis].
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Anti-Allergic Agents↗
Dual effects of CGRP-antagonist on allergic contact dermatitis in human skin.
There is increasing evidence of an interaction between the nervous and the immune systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the rôle of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the modulation of the elicitation of immediate and delayed, immunological and non-immunological reactions in human skin. CGRP (13 pmol and 39 pmol), and the CGRP-antagonist, CGRP/8-37/, (50 pmol and 500 pmol) were injected intracutaneously prior to provocation tests. Patients with allergy to nickel were provoked with nickel sulfate epicutaneously, and the reactions were evaluated by a clinical scoring system (guidelines of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group). Patients with allergy to birch pollen were provoked by a prick test with the allergen, and the volume of the weals was measured. The patients were also provoked with tuberculin (delayed immunologic reaction), benzalkonium chloride (irritant contact dermatitis), UV-light and benzoic acid (non-immunologic contact urticaria). The test reactions were estimated by planimetry. CGRP/8-37/ exerted dual effects on allergic contact dermatitis, causing potentiation at a dose of 500 pmol (p= 0.004) and inhibition at a dose of 50 pmol (p=0.012). Other reactions were not significantly affected by the pretreatments. The results suggest that CGRP participates in delayed inflammatory reactions, but is not involved in immediate immunologic reactions.
Adult↗
Contact dermatitis from methylisothiazolinone in a paint factory.
Introduction of new potential contact-sensitizing chemicals have in the past led to epidemics of contact dermatitis. A new preservative containing only methylisothiazolinone (MI) and not methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) has recently been introduced in the European Union for use in products, such as paint, glue and cosmetics. The objective of this article is to describe a factory outbreak of contact allergy to MI and MCI preservatives. This factory outbreak describes allergic contact dermatitis towards MI in 4 patients of 14 persons working at a paint manufacturer. Patch test results from all patients showed positive reactions for MI and MCI/MI. The reactions were stronger for MI than MCI/MI indicating a primary sensitization to MI. The combination of MCI/MI remains widely used, and therefore various patterns of exposure and sensitization could be seen in the future. Our data show that MI holds a potential for eliciting and propably inducing contact allergy in humans. Whether this preservative is safe to use in cosmetics where billions of consumers are exposed needs a care full monitoring.
Adult↗
Allergic contact dermatitis to plants: an analysis of 68 patients tested at the Skin and Cancer Foundation.
Allergic contact dermatitis to plant allergens is a common problem in Australia. We present the cumulative experience of the Contact Dermatitis Clinic of the Skin and Cancer Foundation (Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia) a tertiary referral clinic. Results from a series of 68 patients with positive patch tests to 88 plant allergens are reported. We found that Grevillea species, Compositae, Rhus, Alstroemeria and various timber sawdusts were the most common plant allergens.
Allergens↗
Contact dermatitis. A review.
In recent years, there has been a dramatic rise in our understanding of contact dermatitis. This paper is a review of our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in contact dermatitis and related phenomena, the investigation of these events and the emergence of significant new allergens during the last 5 years.
Allergens↗
Allergic contact dermatitis from chironomids.
Although Type I allergy to chironomids is well-known, allergic contact dermatitis caused by these cosmopolitan insects has not previously been reported. In the case we describe in this report, patch tests disclosed a delayed-type hypersensitivity to 4 different species of chironomids (larvae of Chironomus thummi, Chironomus plumosus, and 2 different species of Glyptotendipes) as the probable cause of airborne facial contact dermatitis. An additional asymptomatic immediate-type allergy to chironomids was demonstrated by scratch tests and specific IgE. The possible sources of exposure to chironomids, their allergens and their distribution are discussed with regard to clinical implications.
Animals↗
The significance of previous allergic contact dermatitis for elicitation of delayed hypersensitivity to nickel.
Several factors, such as amount of allergen, vehicle, anatomic site, immunologic status and previous eczema, may influence delayed hypersensitivity reactions. In an extended model, we have studied the significance of previous allergic contact dermatitis for elicitation of delayed hypersensitivity to nickel in 25 nickel-allergic females. On 3 occasions, 8, 4 and 1 months before the final challenge patch testing, an experimental allergic contact dermatitis from nickel was induced on the lower back. At the challenge patch testing, 4 identical dilution series of nickel were tested on 4 areas on the lower back 3 with previous but healed dermatitis and 1 control area. The tests were read in a blind way. A significantly higher test reactivity was found at the areas with a previous allergic contact dermatitis, the shorter the time interval between the previous provocation and the challenge, the stronger the reaction. These results may be of importance for the understanding of factors contributing to chronicity of allergic contact dermatitis.
Adult↗
A topical cream containing a zinc gel (allergy guard) as a prophylactic against latex glove-related contact dermatitis.
BACKGROUND: Many health care workers are sensitized to the proteins in natural rubber latex and get contact dermatitis as a result of wearing latex gloves. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate a topical formulation containing a zinc gel (Allergy Guard) as a prophylactic against latex glove-related contact dermatitis. METHODS: The study was carried out with volunteers who exhibited mild to moderate contact dermatitis (type IV) after wearing latex gloves as per the protocol. RESULTS: Allergy Guard significantly reduced skin irritation in volunteers who exhibited type IV hypersensitivity when exposed to latex gloves. Allergy Guard also exhibited a barrier effect as shown by the permeation of chlorophyllin dye into the skin of volunteers. Allergy Guard prevented dermal irritation induced by sodium lauryl sulfate. CONCLUSION: Topical formulations containing a zinc gel may be used to delay or prevent latex sensitivity, especially among health care professionals.
Administration, Topical↗
The use of complementary medicine by patients referred to a contact dermatitis clinic.
Our aim was to quantify and qualify the use of complementary medicine (CM) by patients referred to our contact dermatitis clinic in Leicester, UK. A face-to-face structured questionnaire study was made of 109 consecutive patients referred to the contact dermatitis clinic. 109 such questionnaires were completed. 21/109 (20%) of patients were Indo-Asian and 86/109 (79%) white Caucasian. 33/109 (30%) had tried some form of CM to treat their skin condition. This use was higher in the Indo-Asian group, where 13/21 (62%) had tried some form of CM. 21/33 (63%) who had used CM were happy to recommend it to other patients with skin disease, even though only 10/33 (30%) of these reported an improvement in their skin condition while using CM. The most frequently used CM treatments were herbal medicine [17/33 (51%)], Chinese herbal medicine [6/33 (18%)], traditional Indian medicine [4/33 (12%)] and aromatherapy [6/33 (18%)]. These proportions were similar in all ethnic groups. In a population of adults referred to a contact dermatitis clinic in a city-centre teaching-hospital dermatology department in Leicester, UK, 30% use, or intend to use, CM and this use is associated with ethnicity.
Adolescent↗
Hapten-specific antibodies in allergic contact dermatitis in the guinea pig.
A guinea pig model was used to investigate the potential role of hapten-specific antibodies in allergic contact dermatitis. Hapten-specific antibodies of both the IgG1, IgG2 and IgM (sub)classes could be readily detected by ELISA in sera obtained after single or repeated exposure to the allergens 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyloxazolone. Experiments in which animals were strongly boostered with Freund's complete adjuvant support previous reports that hapten-specific antibodies are able to transfer contact skin reactions with a delayed time course into naive recipients. In contrast, epicutaneous sensitization procedures never allowed transfer of such reactivity. Upon transfer of immune sera to previously sensitized animals, existing allergic contact dermatitis was unaffected, except for a distinct suppression of induration, but not erythema, in the DNCB system. In actively sensitized animals, antibody-related suppression of induration was never observed. Hapten-specific hyposensitivity, as induced by repeated epicutaneous exposure, was also not related to circulating antibody levels. Our findings do not support the view that hapten-specific antibodies should be reconsidered as playing a potentially important role in allergic contact dermatitis.
Animals↗
Contact dermatitis with systemic symptoms from Agave americana.
BACKGROUND: Twelve cases of contact dermatitis provoked by Agave americana are described, 10 with systemic signs and symptoms and 8 with abnormal laboratory results. RESULTS: Patient history revealed a background of intentional exposure among soldiers seeking sick leave. Treatment with oral antihistamines and topical saline compresses resulted in subsidence of the systemic symptoms within 24 h of hospitalization and regression of cutaneous manifestations in 7-10 days. CONCLUSION: The importance that dermatologists be alert to the possibility of self-inflicted contact dermatitis induced by exposure to plants is stressed, especially to A. americana. Systemic signs are not rare accompanying findings with this plant.
Adolescent↗
[Contact urticaria with transition to protein contact dermatitis in a cook with atopic diathesis].
Protein contact dermatitis is a rare disease within the group of occupational dermatoses. However, it is of some importance to people in food handling occupations. Skin symptoms usually manifest as immediate-type reactions (type-I-reaction according to Coombs and Gell), but changes to type IV-reactions are known. This applies especially to people with atopic eczema who have contact to fish proteins. This can be derived from a case presented here and a few similar observations described in the literature.
Animals↗
Irritant contact dermatitis. Clues to causes, clinical characteristics, and control.
Skin irritation can cause poorly defined nonimmunologic cutaneous changes that may cause diagnostic confusion. Clinical signs include vesicles, papules, bullae, erythema, edema, scaling, and lichenification. In some patients, this condition, termed irritant contact dermatitis, is indistinguishable from endogenous, dyshidrotic, nummular, and atopic dermatitis. Irritant contact dermatitis has only a few typical characteristics. The diagnosis is generally based on clinical appearance, history and, when indicated, diagnostic patch testing to rule out an allergic component. Elimination of the offending agent and protection from further exposure are important in both diagnosis and management. The dermatitis usually heals once the irritant is eliminated, and reexposure should be minimized for weeks to months, if not permanently.
Acute Disease↗
The current status of the weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis.
The dissemination of allergenic plants as horticultural introductions, or in the case of the weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. apparently by chance, can have undesirable results. This species of the Compositae family, native to the Caribbean region, has spread widely in India, causing allergic contact dermatitis from its content of sesquiterpene lactones, and has recently appeared in Australia. The clinical features consist of dermatitis of the exposed skin surfaces from direct contact with the weed, but resembling photodermatitis. In fact, contact dermatitis from the plant can coexist with light sensitivity. The plant does not show phototoxic activity but may contain an unidentified photoallergen. Since plant hairs and the pollen contain sesquiterpene lactones, they can probably cause airborne contact dermatitis. Attempts to control spread of the plant have so far not been successful.
Chemical Phenomena↗