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PubMedDate not supplied

Vitamin B12 absorption capacity in healthy children.

B12 absorption was investigated in 47 healthy children aged 7 months to 15.8 years (median 4.9 years). The patients had either recovered from giardiasis, the post-gastroenteritis syndrome, or had celiac disease in remission (treated with a gluten-free diet). The B12 absorption was measured by a double-isotope technique using 57CoB12 and 51CrCl3, the latter being the inabsorbable marker. The radiation dose was minimal. The results were presented as fractional absorption of B12 (FAB12). Within the different age groups, the absorption test was performed by means of the following oral amounts of B12: 0- less than 1 year, 0.5 microgram; 1-3 years: 1.7 micrograms, 4-6 years, 2.5 micrograms; 7-10 years; 3.3 micrograms; and 11-15 years, 4.5 micrograms. When using these oral amounts of B12, the medians (and ranges) of FAB12 were found to be: 1-3 years (n = 18), 37% (16-80%); 4-6 years (n = 10), 27% (19-40%); 7-10 years (n = 9), 32% (21-44%); and 11-15 years (n = 8), 27% (19-59%). The FAB12 in two children aged 7 and 11 months was 31% and 32%, respectively. These results may be interpretated as reference values for B12 absorption in children. Further absorption tests were performed in seven children representing the four age groups from 1 to 15 years. When a high oral amount of B12 was given (i.e., three times the saturation dose), the FAB12 ranged from 0 to 20% (median 9%), whereas a low amount (i.e., one-ninth of the saturation dose) produced fractional absorptions from 65 to 82% (median 74%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Synoviorthesis with colloidal 32P chromic phosphate for hemophilic arthropathy: clinical follow-up.

Thirty-one synoviortheses were performed in 22 joints of 14 hemophilic patients (aged 12 to 28 years) with chronic synovitis and for whom "conventional treatments" were considered ineffective. Except for patients with inhibitors, conventional treatments included three to six months of adequate prophylactic therapy with the missing coagulation factors, intensive physiotherapy and, when indicated, antiinflammatory agents and orthosis. Colloidal 32P chromic phosphate was injected intraarticularly in doses of 1.0 mCi for knees and of 0.5 mCi for the other joints. Time of follow-up ranged from two to five years. Frequency and importance of bleeding decreased in all patients. Effect on range of motion was best in knees; six of the seven treated improved and one was unchanged. In elbows, flexion-extension was improved in four cases, unchanged in five and decreased in one; pronation-supination was decreased in four cases. Range of motion was not affected in shoulders and ankles except for internal-external rotation which was improved in two of three shoulders treated. The results of 13 synoviortheses in four hemophilic patients with high titer factor VIII inhibitors were comparable to those in hemophiliacs with no inhibitors. However, in three of the four patients synoviorthesis had to be repeated after two to four years for recurrence of synovitis. Extraarticular escape of radioactivity was monitored 62 times for 17 synoviortheses in 12 patients; extraarticular counts never exceeded 4% of the intraarticular counts. Chromosome aberrations were found not to be increased after treatment in the seven patients in whom adequate analysis could be done.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Incidence and etiology of lung cancer in the Pacific Basin.

Incidence of lung cancer in the Pacific Basin was either compiled from published reports or computed by the authors. The results showed a great variation in age-standardized annual incidence rates of lung cancer among 10 countries and 17 areas in the Pacific Basin where tumor registry statistics are available. For males the incidence rates ranged from 10 to over 70 and for females from less than 5 to over 30/100,000 population. The reason(s) for the great variation is unclear. Ionizing radiation, carcinogenic chemical substances (e.g., chromium, arsenic compounds, asbestos, etc.), or air pollution are unlikely to be responsible. Because cigarette smoking is known to be a major cause of lung cancer, the authors have suggested that surveys on cigarette smoking be conducted among various populations in the Pacific Basin so that etiologic significance of cigarette smoking for the noted variation can be assessed. In Hawaii such a survey is underway, and a preliminary analysis was made to examine the association between lung cancer and cigarette smoking among five races.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

[Synoviorthesis of the knee joint with 32P-chromic phosphate (author's transl)].

32P-CrPO4 in colloid form has been used for radiosynoviorthesis. There were no acute or subacute side reactions observed. The therapy results were equal to those following 90Y colloid application: 60% very good to good results after 6 months. The substance can be kept on stock since it has a relatively long shelf-life. The cost reduction and the simplification of treatment planning have proved to be the most important advantages of 32P-CrPO4.

Chromium↗
PubMed1982

Giant hypertrophic gastropathy (Ménétrier's disease): pharmacologic effects on protein leakage and mucosal ultrastructure.

Seven patients with giant hypertrophic gastropathy participated in a gastric intubation perfusion study to investigate the route and mechanism of protein leakage associated with this disease. All patients had gastric tight junctions wider than those in healthy controls. Acute administration of propantheline bromide reduced gastric albumin leakage (-50.7%, p less than 0.05) and concurrently decreased width of tight junctions (p less than 0.05) in all patients. Another antisecretory agent, cimetidine, had no consistent effect on protein leakage or on the width of tight junctions. Pentagastrin and bethanechol chloride increased protein loss but had no effect on the width of tight junctions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that proteins may take a paracellular route via the tight junctions as they traverse the gastric mucosa and that this may have a cholinergic mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Determination of the relative RNA-content of liver cell nuclei with gallocyanin-chromealum-staining (author's transl)].

The relative RNA-content of liver cell nuclei from histological slides of rat liver was determined by automatical microscope picture analysis. The slides were stained with Gallocyanin-Chromealum. Extinction measurements are made before and after perchloracid extraction of RNA for the same slide. The changes of extinction measurements caused by the changes of slide thickness and of tissue inhomogeneity could be lowered using this method.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Trials to obtain conjugates for the passive hemagglutination test with chromium chloride and their use in studying foot-and-mouth disease viruses].

Experiments were carried out to produce conjugates for the hemagglutination-inhibition reaction with the aid of chromic chloride. Studies with reference F.M.D. viruses and with CFT revealed that the antibody erythrocyte diagnostic agents were highly specific, and were stable in storage at +4 degrees C and in freeze-drying. It was found that the conjugates obtained with F.M.D. antigens possessed high specificity, however, were not stable and 7 to 10 days later lost their activity. Tests with the hemagglutination-reaction showed that immunity itself could be studied in cattle treated with F.M.D. vaccines. A correlation was found between the results obtained via the hemagglutination reaction and those obtained with the aid of the virus-neutralization test.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Allergens and harmful factors in the light of occupational dermatitis registration in Poland in 1978].

786 occupational dermatoses notification in Poland have been analysed. The significance of the compounds of chromium, cobalt, oils, lubricants, cement, epidians and epoxy resins in the pathogenesis of occupational dermatoses has been presented. The recommended "set of 5 allergens" is sufficient to explain the cause of about half of the diseases. Epidemiological data on occupational dermatoses confirm the advisability of adopting the author's criteria of handling occupational dermatoses and considering the possibilities of certain technological improvements.

Allergens↗
PubMed1983

Structure of oligosaccharides and the linkage region between keratan sulfate and the core protein on proteoglycans from monkey cornea.

Structural analyses were performed on the intact glycopeptides and on the linkage region oligosaccharide-peptides derived from the keratan sulfate proteoglycan from monkey cornea (Nakazawa, K., Newsome, D.A., Nilsson, B., Hascall, V.C., and Hassell, J.R. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6051-6055) using trifluoroacetolysis, Smith degradation, chromium trioxide oxidation, and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following structure was found for the linkage region (formula; see text) The following structures were found for the intact oligosaccharide peptides (formula; see text) and (formula; see text) The structure of the linkage region for keratan sulfate on corneal proteoglycans is clearly derived from a complex type of N-linked glycoprotein oligosaccharide precursor, indicating that only the oligosaccharides that have been processed to the complex type are used as primers for synthesizing keratan sulfate chains. The high mannose oligosaccharide in Formula 3 is an intermediate in the normal pathway for biosynthesis of complex type oligosaccharides. The structure in Formula 2, in which a single Man alpha 1-2 is retained on the Man alpha 1-3 branch while the Man alpha 1-6 branch is unsubstituted, can be an intermediate for an alternate, presumably minor pathway for complex oligosaccharide formation (Kornfeld, S., Gregory, W., and Chapman, A. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 11649-11654) in certain cases. This structure has not previously been shown to be present on normal glycoproteins.

Animals↗