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Results for “Child Behavior Disorders”

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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2007

Parent-teacher disagreement regarding psychopathology in children: a risk factor for adverse outcome?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if parent-teacher discrepancies in reports of behavioral/emotional problems in children predict poor outcome. METHOD: A total of 1154 4- to 12-year-old children from the general population were followed up. At the first assessment, parent and teacher ratings were obtained with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF). Fourteen years later, DSM-IV diagnoses were assessed, and ratings of self-reported and parent-rated behavioral and emotional problems were obtained. RESULTS: CBCL and TRF scores predicted most of the outcomes, but in general, discrepancies between CBCL and TRF scores did not. There were some exceptions. For instance, higher parental vs. teacher ratings of aggressive behaviors increased the risk of suicide attempts/self-mutilation. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for self-mutilating behaviors may be supplemented with parent-reported aggressive behaviors that are not observed by the teachers. In general, whereas CBCL and TRF scale scores were useful predictors of outcome, parent-teacher discrepancies were not.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Utility of verbal-nonverbal correspondence-training techniques in outpatient pediatric settings.

Verbal-nonverbal correspondence training is a behavioral approach recommended in the development of adaptive behaviors and the reduction of problem behaviors. This paper summarizes research findings involving 4 verbal-nonverbal correspondence-training techniques and then illustrates the potential utility of these techniques in general pediatric settings. Particular emphasis is placed on strategies pediatricians could employ to teach patients how to use these techniques effectively to decrease problem behaviors at home (e.g., ADHD, refusing to take the prescribed medication, eating problems) among children seen in outpatient pediatric settings.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1996

Interview data on severe behavioural eating difficulties in young children.

Interview data from parents of 201 children under age 7 years with severe feeding and eating difficulties were analysed to describe features in the child's and parents' experiences that may have contributed to the development of the eating problem. Prematurity and low birth weight, distress during feeding in the first six months of life, and regular or frequent vomiting were common findings in the histories of the children. Aversive experiences during feeding may be the basis for early childhood eating difficulties.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1996

Behavioral observations at age 3 years predict adult psychiatric disorders. Longitudinal evidence from a birth cohort.

BACKGROUND: This study provides, to our knowledge, the first empirical test of whether behavioral differences among children in the first 3 years of life are linked to specific adult psychiatric disorders: anxiety and mood disorders, antisocial personality disorder, recidivistic and violent crime, alcoholism, and suicidal behavior. METHODS: In a longitudinal-epidemiological study, 3-year-old children were classified into groups based on examiner observations of their behavior. At age 21 years, they were reassessed for psychopathologic functioning using standardized interviews based on DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS: Although effect sizes were small, undercontrolled (includes children who are impulsive, restless and distractible) and inhibited (includes children who are shy, fearful, and easily upset) children differed significantly from comparison children in young adulthood. Under-controlled 3-year-olds were more likely at 21 years to meet diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder and to be involved in crime. Inhibited 3-year-olds were more likely at 21 years to meet diagnostic criteria for depression. Both groups were more likely to attempt suicide, and boys in both groups had alcohol-related problems. Controls for family social class did not change the findings. CONCLUSION: Some forms of adult psychopathologic abnormality are meaningfully linked, albeit weakly, to behavioral differences observed among children in the third year of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A comparison of day treatment and outpatient treatment for children with disruptive behaviour problems.

The authors explored the relative merits of outpatient and day treatment for 30 children with severe behaviour problems. The effectiveness of treatment on behaviour, self-perception, and social and family functioning was assessed. Day treatment was found to be more effective in reducing behaviour problems, alleviating depressive symptoms, increasing social skills and improving family functioning.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1986

Factors which predict the persistence of aggressive conduct disorder.

Fifty-three boys with aggressive conduct disorder were followed up 2 years after their original examination. Twenty-four (45%) no longer had the disorder and were classified as improved. A discriminant function analysis identified characteristics of the boys and their families which accurately predicted the outcome for 85% of the boys. Among the predictors of persisting conduct disorder were a variety of antisocial or aggressive symptoms, firesetting, early age of onset and family deviance.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between childhood behavioral disturbance and later schizophrenia in the New York High-Risk Project.

OBJECTIVE: An association between childhood behavioral disturbance and adulthood schizophrenia has been seen previously in retrospective or follow-back studies and in prospective studies. The authors examined the relationship between childhood behavioral problems and adulthood schizophrenia-related psychoses. Because a high rate of childhood behavioral problems is known to be associated with adult substance abuse, these analyses controlled for substance abuse. METHOD: The subjects of this investigation (N = 185) were offspring of parents with schizophrenia or affective disorder and of normal parents from the New York High-Risk Project (sample A). Data on childhood behavioral problems were obtained in a parent interview at initial assessment in 1971-1972. Adulthood outcomes (schizophrenia-related psychoses, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse) were based on lifetime axis I diagnoses according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria. RESULTS: Substance abuse had a significant interaction with the clinical outcome groups. In subjects without substance abuse, those with schizophrenia-related psychoses had exhibited significantly more behavioral problems as children than had adult offspring with affective or anxiety disorder or with substance abuse only or no disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the view that schizophrenia-related psychoses can be followed back to early behavioral disturbances. The confounding effects of substance abuse should be statistically controlled in studies of longitudinal associations between childhood behavioral disturbance and axis I outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Screening for preschool posttraumatic stress disorder with the Child Behavior Checklist.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the psychometric properties and utility of a Child Behavior Checklist-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CBCL-PTSD) Scale to screen for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in traumatized preschool children. METHOD: Data for this study were drawn from a study of young child trauma and consisted of 62 traumatized children, 23 months through 6 years of age. The children's mothers were interviewed about PTSD symptoms and then completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS: The modified CBCL-PTSD correlated highly with the number of PTSD symptoms from the interview (r = 0.66). The CBCL-PTSD scale predicted PTSD symptoms above and beyond the internalizing and externalizing scales of the CBCL. A cutoff score of nine on this scale possessed the best sensitivity and specificity in classifying those traumatized children who met diagnostic criteria for PTSD. CONCLUSION: The modified CBCL-PTSD scale could be a useful cost-effective tool to screen for PTSD in traumatized, preschool-age children.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Prediction of change in level of problem behavior among children of bipolar parents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of familial loading, birth weight, and family problems on change in parent-reported problems across a 14-month period among children of bipolar parents. METHOD: Emotional and behavioral problems in a sample of 140 offspring of bipolar parents and familial loading in first- and second-degree relatives were assessed at two measurements. Parents reported the birth weight of their offspring and completed a questionnaire on family problems. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations of the three predictors with change in problem scores at follow-up. RESULTS: Familial loading of unipolar disorder was a unique predictor for an increase in problem scores from the first to the second measurement with beta-coefficients ranging from 0.17 to 0.25. Birth weight and family problems were not associated with change in problem scores across the two measurements. CONCLUSION: Familial loading of unipolar disorder predicted an increase in behavioral and emotional problems across the 14-month follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Differential predictive value of parents' and teachers' reports of children's problem behaviors: a longitudinal study.

This study investigated the prediction of signs of disturbance in 946 children originally aged 4 to 11 years from the general population across a 6-year period. Parents' and teachers' ratings obtained via the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF) were tested as predictors of (a) academic problems, (b) school behavior problems, (c) receipt of mental health services, (d) child's need for professional help, (e) suicidal behavior, and (f) police contacts. Total problem scores in the deviant range on the CBCL or TRF were significantly associated with poor outcomes 6 years later. The combination of deviant scores on both the CBCL and TRF was a powerful predictor of poor outcomes with 56% of the girls, and 36% of the boys with total problem scores in the deviant range on both instruments maladjusted 6 years later. The CBCL syndromes Attention Problems and Delinquent Behavior, and the TRF syndromes Delinquent Behavior, Somatic Complaints, and Social Problems significantly predicted poor outcomes. Teachers' reports predicted poor outcomes equally well or even somewhat better than parents' reports. It is important to include teacher information in the diagnostic assessment of children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Correlates of attachment at school age: maternal reported stress, mother-child interaction, and behavior problems.

The contribution of attachment, maternal reported stress, and mother-child interaction to the prediction of teacher-reported behavior problems was examined for a French-Canadian sample of 121 school-age children. Attachment classifications were assigned on the basis of reunion behavior with mother when the children were between 5 and 7 years of age. Maternal reported stress and mother-child interaction patterns were assessed concurrent to the attachment measure, whereas behavior problems were evaluated both at ages 5 to 7 and 7 to 9 years. Security of attachment significantly predicted the likelihood of school-age behavior problems: Controlling/other children were most at risk for both externalizing and internalizing problems across both age periods. Younger ambivalent children presented clinical cut-off levels of externalizing problems, and older avoidant boys had higher internalizing scores. Patterns of maternal-reported stress and mother-child interaction differed across attachment groups and contributed to prediction of school-age behavior problems, partially mediating the relation between attachment and adaptation. Results support the importance of attachment in explaining school-age adaptation and validity of attachment coding for children of this age.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Childhood and adolescent predictors of major depression in the transition to adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: The identification of predictors of major depression in the transition to adulthood has direct application to prevention and intervention efforts designed to forestall depression in this high-risk period. The current study identified childhood and adolescent familial and behavioral-emotional factors predicting depression during this critical developmental stage. METHOD: The 354 participants were part of a single-age cohort from a predominately Caucasian working-class community whose psychosocial development has been traced prospectively since age 5. In these analyses, data collected during childhood and adolescence were related to diagnoses of major depression at ages 18-26. RESULTS: During the transition to adulthood, 82 participants (23.2%) experienced major depression. Bivariate indicators of later depression included a family history of depression or substance use disorders, family composition, and childhood family environments perceived as violent and lacking cohesiveness. Also significant were self- and mother-reported internalizing behaviors, as well as self-rated anxiety and depressive symptoms. Multivariable analyses showed family violence, family composition, internalizing problems during adolescence, and low family cohesion to be the most salient factors. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight familial and behavioral-emotional predictors of depression that can serve as foci for identifying youth in need of intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Therapeutic considerations with the language impaired preschool child.

This paper examines the relevance of language impairment to the development of psychiatric disorders of childhood. The literature showing a relationship between language impairment and psychiatric disorders is briefly reviewed. Although deficiencies of both expressive and receptive language have been associated with psychiatric disorder, this discussion focuses on disturbances of "receptive language". Some cases are described which illustrate the connections between deficient receptive language and disturbances of development. These disturbances of development range from excessive temper tantrums, with defiant and oppositional behavior, to mannerisms, the insistence on sameness and frank autistic symptoms. These disorders are understood in a developmental context in which deficiencies of receptive language are seen to interfere with the normal unfolding of the child's developing individuation, autonomy and independence. Depending on the severity of the language disorder and the responsivity of the environment, this results in a continuum of behavioral problems with oppositional and defiant behaviour at one end, and mannerisms and autistic symptoms on the other end. The implications for therapy and long term development are discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2005

Systems analysis of stress and positive perceptions in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism.

Systemic analyses of psychological functioning in families of children with autism have typically shown that parents report different experiences (e.g., stress) and that siblings may also be affected. The purpose of the present research was more explicitly to address relationships between child, partner, and parent variables. Parents of 48 children with autism (41 mother-father pairs) reported on child characteristics, and their own stress and mental health. Mothers were found to report both more depression and more positive perceptions than fathers. Regression analyses revealed that paternal stress and positive perceptions were predicted by maternal depression; maternal stress was predicted by their children's behavior problems (not adaptive behavior or autism symptoms) and by their partner's depression. The future testing of the mechanisms underlying these results is discussed. In addition, the need is emphasized for more systemic analyses to understand the psychological functioning of children with autism and their siblings and parents.

Adult↗