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Results for “Cardiovascular System”

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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Effect of hormone replacement therapy on the cardiovascular system].

Hormonal replacement therapy becomes frequently used in peri- and postmenopausal women. It causally affects the climacteric syndrome, positively stimulates psychics, improves quality of the skin, decreases dryness of mucous membranes and frequency of recurrent inflammations of eyes and vagina. The positive influence on the bone metabolism and therefore on the incidence of osteoporosis highly dominates among its long-term effects. Long lasting hormonal replacement reduces also the incidence of Alzheimer disease, colorectal carcinoma and it has particularly favourable effect on the cardiovascular system. Estrogens positive affect the lipid spectrum, however, more than 50% of their beneficial influence comes from their direct vasodilatory effect. Estrogene replacement becomes in many countries indicated for the primary prevention of the ischemic heart disease. The question of its application for the secondary prevention remains still open.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cardiovascular system during hypokinesia of varying duration and intensity].

The paper gives and compares data on the orthostatic tolerance of man exposed to different hypokinetic conditions of varying duration -- water immersion (10 days), supine position in the chair close to the mean physiological rest posture (7-20 days), bed rest (10-120 days) and altitude chambers (3-70 days). The tolerance to orthostatic tests decreased to a larger extent after experiments in which the motor activity was significantly lowered: water immersion, supine position in the chair and 120-day bed rest; orthostatic tolerance reduced to a lesser extent after altitude chamber experiments. The level of decline of the motor activity was more important than the time of hypokinetic exposure. The most noticeable reduction of adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system developed during the first 30 days of bed rest.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

[The effect of noise and vibration on the cardiovascular system in exposed workers and possibilities of preventing their harmful effects].

We examined the state of blood pressure, peripheral arterial circulation and changes of polycardiogram before and after three hour work of 160 workers professionally exposed to noise and vibrations. They were divided into two sub-groups regarding physical recreational activity (walking, swimming or running), with the average load level from 60% to 80% of maximal oxygen consumption. 85 workers made up the control group. They were not exposed to noise and vibrations at work. The gathered results show that the prevalence of the arterial hypertension and obliterating endarteritis is statistically significantly higher in the group of workers exposed to noise and vibrations and that these professional damages cause important hemodynamic changes of cardiovascular system, but also that permanent physical recreational activity (swimming, running or walking) can prevent such effects.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2000

A new device for evaluating autonomic nervous activity of cardiovascular system.

The purposes of present study are to evaluate a new measurement device with a piezo sensor to obtain fluctuation of finger blood pressure signal in comparison with the conventional tonometry system. We simultaneously measured continuous blood pressure by tonomery system and finger blood pressure using our device in 12 elderly subjects. Two time series of pulse interval variability (PIV) corresponded to RR interval were estimated respectively as the time between two successive upstrokes of these two devices and systolic blood pressure variability (SPV) was also estimated as the upstroke. In time domain the relative relation of PIV estimated by two systems was high, however, that of SPV was low. On the contrary, in frequency domain, we could estimate autonomic nervous activity of vasomotor activity from our new device. The developed device in our study may be a substitutable device for conventional method as limited to estimate the autonomic nervous activity of cardiovascular system.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the cardiovascular system.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)s are a family of three nuclear hormone receptors, PPARalpha, -delta, and -gamma, which are members of the steriod receptor superfamily. The first member of the family (PPARalpha) was originally discovered as the mediator by which a number of xenobiotic drugs cause peroxisome proliferation in the liver. Defined functions for all these receptors, until recently, mainly concerned their ability to regulate energy balance, with PPARalpha being involved in beta-oxidation pathways, and PPARgamma in the differentiation of adipocytes. Little is known about the functions of PPARdelta, though it is the most ubiquitously expressed. Since their discovery, PPARs have been shown to be expressed in monocytes/macrophages, the heart, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and in atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, PPARs can be activated by a vast number of compounds including synthetic drugs, of the clofibrate, and anti-diabetic thiazoldinedione classes, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a number of eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, lipoxygenase products, and oxidized low density lipoprotein. This review will aim to introduce the field of PPAR nuclear hormone receptors, and discuss the discovery and actions of PPARs in the cardiovascular system, as well as the source of potential ligands.

Animals↗