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PubMed1977

[Frequency of potential anastomoses in the posterior communicating branches of the circle of Willis].

This neuroanatomic study has been performed to establish the frequency of potencials anastomosis in the posterior portion of the cerebral arterial circle in 87 brains from northeasterner brazilians without any aparent clinical manifestations of neural dysfunction. The fetal pattern of the posterior communicating branch was present in the 46% (40/87) of the cases. The frequency with regard to side was the following: 21,8% (19/87) on the right side; 12,8% (12/87) on the left side and 10,4% (9/87) bilateral. The bilateral and unilateral potencials anastomosis at level of the posterior communicating branches, with fetal pattern or with gross caliber (Padget, 19483), were present in the 71,2% (62/87) of the arterial circles. The bilateral potencials anastomosis were formed by two posterior communicating branches with fetal pattern in the 10,4% (9/87) of the cases, by two of those vessels of gross caliber in the 11,5% (10/87) of the circles, and by one fetal posterior communicating branch, and one contralateral posterior communicating branch of gross caliber in the 13,8% (12/87) of the cases. Unilateral potencials anastomosis constituted by fetal posterior communicating branch (21,8%) or by posterior communicating branch with gross caliber (13,8%) ocurred in the 35,6% (31/87) of the arterial circles.

Basilar Artery↗
PubMed2005

Diagnostic features of pelvic osteolysis on computed tomography: the importance of communication pathways.

BACKGROUND: Progressive periacetabular osteolysis following total hip arthroplasty may require revision surgery. The purpose of this study was to use computed tomography scans of hemipelves retrieved at autopsy from patients who had had a total hip arthroplasty, to define the radiographic characteristics that differentiate clinically important osteolytic lesions from osteoarthritic bone cysts. METHODS: We analyzed forty-four hemipelves that had been retrieved at autopsy at a mean of eight years after a total hip arthroplasty with an uncemented acetabular component. Computed tomography images were analyzed to identify the location, volume, and presence of cortical erosion and/or communication pathways with the joint space for all periacetabular bone defects. Lesions that were not present on preoperative or immediate postoperative plain radiographs were defined as new lesions. These new lesions were compared with those that were present on preoperative or immediate postoperative plain radiographs, which were defined as preexisting lesions. RESULTS: Forty-six lesions were identified on computed tomography, and sixteen of them were preexisting lesions. The mean volume of the preexisting lesions was 1.5 +/- 1.5 cm(3), which was significantly smaller than the mean volume of 5.6 +/- 11.4 cm(3) of the thirty new lesions (p = 0.034). Twenty-eight of the thirty new lesions had a clear communication pathway with the joint space, while thirteen of the sixteen preexisting lesions demonstrated no communication pathway. New lesions were significantly more likely to communicate with the joint space than were preexisting lesions (p < 0.001). Cortical erosion was seen in sixteen of the thirty new lesions; none of the sixteen preexisting lesions exhibited cortical erosion (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The most important difference between osteolytic lesions and preexisting bone defects was the presence of a communication pathway to the joint space. Lesions that did not have an identifiable communication to the joint space were smaller and were not associated with cortical erosion. Lesions with communication to the joint through multiple pathways or through a central dome hole were larger and more likely to be associated with cortical erosion.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Morphology of the communicating veins of the lower 3d of the leg].

The communicating veins of the lower third of the leg are topographically constant communicating veins but variable as to their morphology and number. Their course shows topographically two parts, namely a superficial or subcutaneous one and a deep or subaponeurotic one. In their subaponeurotical course, the communicating veins change their morphological aspect and sometimes become very complex. These communicating veins show valves, and venous blood is directed towards the depth. They also receive collateral branches emanating from adjacent muscles. Two kinds of communicating veins can be distinguished, a direct and a mixed one. The direct communicating veins predominate on the internal side of the leg. These connect the venous system of the great saphenous vein with the posterior tibial veins. On the external side, the mixed communicating veins predominate. They link the venous system of the short saphenous vein with the peroneal veins. Their function is also studied.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1984

Changes in business communications: innovative uses of new media and technologies.

An overview of communication technologies and concepts for intra- and inter-business communication, including local area networks, electronic mail and tele-conferencing, illustrates the wide spectrum of methods which challenge traditional forms of business communication such as correspondence and telephone. It is shown how the application of these technologies, in concert with the computer and new storage media, allows integration of communication, data management and recordkeeping functions. The systematic application of electronic technologies and recognition of the advantages of graphics for effective communication lead to the stimulation of graphic forms of communication. Technologies and methods of graphic communication are discussed, and the impact of these new approaches on the work environment in the office is explained.

Data Display↗
PubMed1998

[An internet based medical communication server].

The telemedicine and medical conference usually need multi-point to multi-point communication. Because the communication users can be patients, specialists or medical centers, they have different communication ratios and different physical connection, therefore, this kind of communication is complicated and limited by the communication ratios. In this paper, to meet the requirements of medical communication, we presented a concept of medical communication server which is able to receive data packages and deliver them according to the request of clients, and described its implementation in Windows 95 environment by using Windows Sockets.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2001

[Maxillofacial vascular malformation associated with abnormal communication between external carotid and cranial arteries].

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the clinical characteristics of maxillofacial vascular malformation with abnormal communication between external carotid and cranial arteries. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with maxillofacial vascular malformations had been studied by arteriography of internal and external carotid, and vertebral arteries before embolization of tumor supplying artery. Cases found to have communications between extra- and intra-cranial arteries were analyzed. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (11.67%, 14/120) were found to have abnormal communications between external carotid and cranial arteries. Among them, 11 patients demonstrated communications between occipital and vertebral arteries, 1 patient showed ascending pharyngeal artery and vertebral artery communication, and 2 patients showed maxillary artery-ophthalmic artery communication. CONCLUSION: Embolization of tumor supplying artery is a safe and practical method for the treatment of maxillofacial vascular malformation when done under digital subtraction angiography and superselective catheterization to avoid the abnormal communicant branches.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Communicating vein between the left renal vein and left ascending lumber vein: incidence and significance on abdominal CT.

PURPOSE: To examine the incidence and appearance of the communicating vein between the left renal vein (LRV) and the left ascending lumbar vein (LALV) on abdominal CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the appearance of the communicating vein on contrast-enhanced CT obtained by multidetector-row CT (MDCT) scanner. One hundred patients without known abnormality in this region were randomly chosen and the following findings were recorded: (1) presence or absence of the visible communicating vein, (2) diameter of the communicating vein, (3) visible length of the vein (none, partial, or total), (4) laterality of the ascending lumbar vein, (5) distance between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. RESULTS: The communicating vein was visible in 35 patients (35%). In 20 cases, this vein was visualized within the paraaortic region and could not be traced toward the LALV. The distance between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta was narrower in the patients with visible communicating vein than in those without it, however, no statistically significant difference was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: This vein is commonly visible in the general population, and care should be taken not to confuse it with lymphadenopathy because this communicating vein was partially visualized within the paraaortic region in 20% of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Bilobulated aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to describe the occurrence of bilobulated aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery. BACKGROUND: Bilobulated aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery from the internal carotid artery are rarely reported in the literature. A review of the literature showed only one report in which this type of aneurysm was addressed. METHODS: A consecutive series of 85 aneurysms operated by a single surgeon in 75 patients during an eight-year period (March 1995-February 2003) at the University Hospital was reviewed retrospectively. The incidence, radiological findings, intraoperative findings, surgical treatment and outcome of patients with bilobulated aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery were analyzed. The pathophysiologic mechanism for the formation of the bilobulated aneurysm was analyzed for each case. RESULTS: Thirty-two aneurysms (37.6%) located at the origin of the posterior communicating artery were operated. Four patients who had angiographic evidence of a bilobulated aneurysm at the origin of the posterior communicating artery were identified and operated. Among those four patients, only three had a bilobulated aneurysm. In one patient, microsurgical exploration revealed the presence of two consecutive aneurysms originating from the posterior communicating artery. The incidence of bilobulated aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery was 9.4%. One patient died during the postoperative period for a 25% mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of this type of aneurysm is low; therefore, they represent a technical challenge to the neurosurgeon.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Communication systems in healthcare.

The care of patients now almost inevitably seems to involve many different individuals, all needing to share patient information and discuss their management. As a consequence there is increasing interest in, and use of, information and communication technologies to support health services. Yet, while there is significant discussion of, and investment in, information technologies, communication systems receive much less attention and the clinical adoption of even simpler services like voice-mail or electronic mail is still not commonplace in many health services. There remain enormous gaps in our broad understanding of the role of communication services in health care delivery. Laboratory medicine is perhaps even more poorly studied than many other areas, such as the interface between primary care and hospital services. Given this lack of specific information about laboratory communication services, this paper will step back and generally review the components of a communication system, including the basic concepts of a communication channel, service, device and interaction mode. The review will then try and summarise some of what is known about specific communication problems that arise across health services in the main, including the community and hospital service delivery.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

["True" posterior communicating artery aneurysm presenting the abducens nerve palsy].

Most of "so-called" posterior communicating artery aneurysms previously reported, originated from the internal carotid-posterior communicating junction. Aneurysms arising from the posterior communicating artery itself are very rare. The abducens nerve palsy caused by cerebral aneurysm is also very rare. We are reporting a case with the saccular aneurysm arising directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery presenting the abducens nerve palsy. This 73-year-old woman who had no treatment with hypertension for several years was admitted for sudden onset of severe headache, vomitting and unconsciousness on March 1, 1984. She opened her eyes when addressed and had disorientation, urinary incontinence, right-hemiparesis and left-abducens nerve palsy. A 4-vessel angiography revealed the saccular aneurysm originating directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery. The patient underwent left-frontotemporal craniotomy on the 27th day after subarachnoid hemorrhage under Hunt & Kosnic Grade 3. The aneurysm originated directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery and directed inferior-posterior-laterally below the oculomotor nerve. The neck was successfully clipped. Immediate post-operative course was uneventful until the 7th day after surgery. On the 8th day she had hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage and expired. The autopsy could not be obtained. The saccular "true" posterior communicating artery aneurysm with isolated unilateral abducens nerve palsy as seen in our case has not been reported. Considering the operative findings, we thought the aneurysmal dome contacted directly with the abducens nerve.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1995

Facilitation of gap-junctional communication and gap-junction formation in mammalian cells by inhibition of glycosylation.

The effect of inhibition of glycosylation on basal and cAMP-induced homologous and heterologous gap-junctional communication was studied in various normal and transformed cell lines that express mRNA and protein for the gap-junction-forming gene, connexin43. In communication-incompetent Morris hepatoma cells, inhibition of glycosylation alone did not induce junctional communication, but enhanced cAMP-induced junctional communication severalfold. This enhancement correlated with the presence of more gap junctions at the membrane appositions, but not with an increase in connexin43 mRNA or protein in these cells. In several other normal and transformed cell lines, inhibition of glycosylation enhanced both basal as well as cAMP-induced junctional communication. Furthermore, both basal and cAMP-induced heterologous junctional communication between nontransformed RL-CL9 and several other nontransformed and transformed cells was also enhanced when glycosylation was inhibited. Our data suggest that the formation of gap junctions between cells of the same type or different types is subject to local constraints imposed by the oligosaccharide moieties of the glycoproteins of the plasma membranes of the gap-junction-forming cells and that inhibition of glycosylation abrogates such constraints. Our findings thus suggest a new basis for the communication deficiency observed in several types of transformed cells and between transformed and normal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Characterization of anatomic communications between the femoropatellar joint and lateral and medial femorotibial joints in cattle, using intra-articular latex, positive contrast arthrography, and fluoroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of communication between the lateral and medial femorotibial joints and the femoropatellar joint in cattle. DESIGN: 1 of 3 injection sites was randomly assigned to each ox. ANIMALS: 102 limbs were obtained from 55 fresh bovine cadavers presented for necropsy with problems unrelated to the stifle. PROCEDURE: The joints were injected with a mixture of latex and barium sulfate. Communication between 2 or more joints was determined by the presence of latex and contrast material in a joint adjacent to the injected joint by examining frozen sections and positive-contrast arthrography. RESULTS: Communication between the 3 joints was present in 58 (56.9%) limbs. The femoropatellar and the medial femorotibial joints always communicated. Thirteen of 38 (34.2%) specimens injected in the lateral femorotibial joint did not communicate with the 2 other joints. The femoropatellar joint communicated with the lateral and medial femorotibial joints on the distal abaxial aspect of the trochlear ridge. CONCLUSION: Individual anatomic variation of the stifle in cattle should be considered when diagnostic or treatment protocols are established. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The lateral femorotibial joint should be treated separately because it does not consistently communicate with the femoropatellar or medial femorotibial joint.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of anatomic communications among the antebrachiocarpal, middle carpal, and carpometacarpal joints in cattle, using intra-articular latex, positive-contrast arthrography, and fluoroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency and sites of communication among the antebrachiocarpal, middle carpal, and carpometacarpal joints in cattle. ANIMALS: 137 limbs were obtained from 72 fresh bovine cadavers submitted for necropsy because of problems unrelated to the carpus. PROCEDURE: 1 of the 3 injection sites was randomly assigned to both carpi of each ox, and a mixture of latex and barium sulfate was injected into the joint. Communication between 2 or more joints was determined by the presence of latex and contrast material in a joint adjacent to the injected joint by examination of frozen sections, positive-contrast arthrography, and fluoroscopy. RESULTS: Communication existed among the 3 joints in 18 specimens (13.1%). The middle carpal joint and the carpometacarpal joint always communicated. The antebrachiocarpal joint communicated with the middle carpal joint between the ulnar and intermediate carpal bones. The middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints always communicated between the fourth and fused second and third carpal bones. In a few specimens, additional sites of communication were identified at the palmar aspect of the fourth carpal bone and the fused second and third carpal bones. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Individual anatomic variation of the carpus in cattle should be considered when diagnostic or treatment protocols are established.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Efficacy of MR angiographic original images on surgery for posterior communicating artery aneurysms].

This study evaluated the usefulness of axial source images of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) on preoperative depiction of surgical topography around posterior communicating artery aneurysms. Twenty patients with posterior communicating artery aneurysms, two ruptured and eighteen unruptured, underwent conventional angiography as well as axial source and projection images obtained by three-dimensional time-of-flight MRA techniques. By comparing the topography based on these angiograms to that confirmed during surgery, we evaluated useful information specific to the source images of MRA. Source images of MRA visualized the posterior communicating artery and the anterior choroidal artery in eighteen cases (90%) and five cases (25%), respectively. The posterior communicating artery was recognized at a higher rate by source images of MRA than by conventional angiography (65%), while the anterior choroidal artery was recognized at a lower rate than by combined angiography (75%). We realized some specific information to the source images of MRA including the topographical relations between the aneurysmal neck and the orifice of the posterior communicating artery, the relations between the aneurysmal dome and the oculomotor nerve and the aneurysmal dome buried into the temporal lobe. The information suggested a satisfactory direction of safe aneurysmal clipping so as not to occlude the posterior communicating artery. It was concluded that the source images of MRA provided additional useful information on surgical topography in 60% of the cases involving posterior communicating artery aneurysms. Although not essential in every case, the information would be beneficial in cases with the aneurysmal dome suspected to be in the temporal lobe or when the surrounding topography can not be clearly understood by angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Communicating hydrocephalus following the rupture of intracranial aneurysm (author's transl)].

It is well recognized that the communicating hydrocephalus following the rupture of intracranial aneurysms is one of the factors which cause the disturbance of consciousness in acute stage and the impairment of mental functions in chronic stage. In this report we analyzed the surgical experience with this complication and discussed the mechanisms which cause the ventricular dilatation. 1. The communicating hydrocephalus following the rupture of intracranial aneurysms is devided into the acute form and the chronic form. 2. Acute communicating hydrocephalus may develop with 24 hours after the onset and the incidence is about 10% (6 out of 66 cases). 3. Intraventicular pressure is high in acute communicating hydrocephalus and becomes normal in chronic stage. 4. The incidence of the chronic communicating hydrocephalus is about 10% (6 out of 66 cases). 5. There are two types of chronic communicating hydrocephalus. One develops from acute form and another develops gradually after onset. Among 6 chronic communicating hydrocephalus, 3 developed from acute form, 2 showed slowly progressive ventricular dilatation and 1 admitted with hydrocephalus at chronic stage resepctively. 6. The intraventricular pressure of the acute form is high and the chronic form shows high pressure in acute stage, intermittent high pressure wave lasting 20-30 minutes in subacute stage and normal pressure in chronic stage when the ventricle is dilated. 7. The mechanisms of ventricular dilatation in normal pressure hydrocephalus are discussed on the basis of the continuous monitoring of intraventricular pressure in cases with rupture of intracranial aneurysm. 8. Indication of shunting procedures whould be determined by combination of clinical pictures, ventriculocranial index, findings of cisternography and EEG. Our operative criteria are presented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Communication after laryngectomy. An assessment of patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the satisfaction of patients with their current method of alaryngeal communication. To focus primarily on the patients' perception of their own speech. DESIGN: A retrospective review of patients who underwent total laryngectomy for malignancy identified 4 groups of patients. A survey using a mailed questionnaire was used to compare groups. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. PATIENTS: Forty-seven patients underwent total laryngectomy for cancer and survived. Thirty-one of the 47 patients responded to the survey. Patients were divided into 4 groups by their current method of communication: (1) tablet writers; (2) esophageal speech; (3) electrolarynx; and (4) tracheoesophageal speech. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Satisfaction with communication, satisfaction with speech quality, ability to communicate over telephone, limitation of interaction with others, and satisfaction with quality of life. RESULTS: Patients in group 4 were significantly more satisfied with their speech (P < .001), perceived their speech to be of better quality (P < .001), had improved ability to communicate over the telephone (P < .001), and had less limitation of their interactions with others (P < .004). Patients in group 4 also rated their overall quality of life higher (P = .23). CONCLUSION: Although many studies in the past have demonstrated the objective superiority of tracheoesophageal speech compared with other methods of alaryngeal communication, most studies have focused on the intelligibility of speech judged by listeners. This study demonstrates that patients who use tracheoesophageal speech rate their own speech significantly higher than patients who use other methods and most likely have an overall superior quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Doctor-patient communication. Clinical implications of social scientific research.

Research in the social sciences has clarified the nature and problems of doctor-patient communication. The development of adequate communication skills is now a goal of training programs in the primary-care specialties. Social structural barriers impede effective communication, however, and information giving remains problematic. Doctors tend to underestimate patients' desire for information and to misperceive the process of information giving. The transmission of information is related to characteristics of patients (sex, education, social class, and prognosis), doctors (social-class background, income, and perception of patients' desire for information), and the clinical situation (number of patients seen). Doctors' nonverbal communication abilities are associated with outcomes of medical care such as satisfaction and compliance. Regarding the sociolinguistic structure of communication, doctors often maintain a style of high control, which involves many doctor-initiated questions, interruptions, and neglect of patients' "life world." Training programs and standards of clinical practice should emphasize that improved doctor-patient communication is both desirable and possible.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Challenges for communicable disease surveillance and control in southern Iraq, April-June 2003.

The recent war in Iraq presents significant challenges for the surveillance and control of communicable diseases. In early April 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) sent a team of public health experts to Kuwait and a base was established in the southern Iraqi governorate of Basrah on May 3. We present the lessons learned from the communicable disease surveillance and control program implemented in the Basrah governorate in Iraq (population of 1.9 million) in April and May 2003, and we report communicable disease surveillance data through June 2003. Following the war, communicable disease control programs were disrupted, access to safe water was reduced, and public health facilities were looted. Rapid health assessments were carried out in health centers and hospitals to identify priorities for action. A Health Sector Coordination Group was organized with local and international health partners, and an early warning surveillance system for communicable disease was set up. In the first week of May 2003, physicians in hospitals in Basrah suspected cholera cases and WHO formed a cholera control committee. As of June 29, 2003, Iraqi hospital laboratories have confirmed 94 cases of cholera from 7 of the 8 districts of the Basrah governorate. To prevent the transmission of major communicable diseases, restoring basic public health and water/sanitation services is currently a top priority in Iraq. Lack of security continues to be a barrier for effective public health surveillance and response in Iraq.

Communicable Disease Control↗