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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

On the regional histology and histochemistry of the epididymis of the camel (Camelus dromedarius).

Distinct morphological regions, initial, middle and terminal segments, were distinguishable histologically; the middle segment was further subdivided into proximal, intermediated and distal parts. PAS-positive, diastase-resistant reaction was detected in the blood vessels, subepithelial tissue and stereocilia of all segments. Acid phosphatase was demonstrated in the epithelial cells with the highest activity being in the proximal part of the middle segment. Non-specific esterase gave a similar reaction but the strongest activity was in the terminal segment. Alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and adenosine monophosphatase were of similar activity in the subepithelial tissue, blood vessels, stereocilia and luminal contents; the strongest reaction occurred in the middle segment. Lactate, succinate, glutamate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases were examined; LDH was more active than the others particularly in the terminal segment. Some reaction was found in the epithelial cells, subepithelial tissue and luminal contents.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2001

Of minibody, camel and bacteriophage.

This review describes the design process from conception through realisation and optimisation of a minibody'--a minimised antibody. The result was a proteinaceous molecule of novel fold and metal binding activity. We explain how combinatorial approaches, using phage display libraries, were used to randomise loop regions of the minibody. Variants were then selected for desired activities including in vitro inhibition of human interleukin-6 and the protease of the non-structural protein, NS3, of the hepatitis C virus. One such variant was successfully minimised further to produce a cyclic peptide with similar inhibition properties. Thus the work reviewed provides examples of two important processes in protein design and protein minimisation. We conclude by discussing the role of such studies in medical applications and small molecule drug discovery. We also highlight the potential of our work and similar techniques in the post-genomic era.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Breaking the camel's back: multicenter clinical trials and local institutional review boards.

Clinical research has undergone remarkable and beneficial expansion in the past 25 years, but with this growth has come an unprecedented increase in workload for the human subjects protection system. Recently, a major change in federal oversight of local institutional review boards (IRBs) became evident. Although it was not announced publicly, in 1998 and 1999 federal regulatory actions against local IRBs increased threefold. Particularly notable was the marked increase in regulatory actions taken against the IRBs of academic medical centers (1 in 1997 compared with 14 in 1999). Ironically, this apparent federal crackdown began at the same time that two federal review panels called for major changes in the regulations governing local IRBs. A key factor in the current crisis in the function of local IRBs is the ascendance of multicenter clinical trials as the dominant form of clinical research. Local IRBs were not designed to handle the initial evaluation and ongoing review required by the rapidly increasing number of multicenter clinical trials. Furthermore, local IRB review of the thousands of safety reports from multicenter clinical trials monopolizes resources without promoting patient safety. Instead of rigid enforcement of outmoded regulations that do not contribute to patient safety, the responsibilities of the local IRB in the oversight of multicenter clinical trials must be systematically evaluated.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1979

Circling the pyramid by camel--via the needle's eye.

The Royal Commission's report on the NHS criticised the lack of central manpower planning advice for the nursing profession as well as dwelling at some length on the difficulties that the hospital career structure poses medical manpower planners. The most damaging disadvantage of the DHSS's approach to the latter issue is, says the Commission, 'that it has not delivered the goods'. Author examines manpower problems as they affect both professions.

Nurses↗