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PubMed2002

[Eotaxin in induced sputum in patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis: relationship with airway inflammation].

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the roles of eotaxin (chemotactic factor of eosinophils) in pathogenesis of eosinophilic airway inflammation and airflow obstruction. METHODS: 33 patients in exacerbations with chronic bronchitis (CB group), chronic asthmatic bronchitis (CAB group) and bronchial asthma (BA group) (11 cases respectively) and 7 healthy volunteers as controls (C group) have participated in lung function test and sputum induction. The concentration of eotaxin in supernatant was measured by sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The differences of the eosinophil (EOS)/leukocyte (Leu)% in CAB group [(23.4 +/- 5.8)%], BA group [(20.7 +/- 3.1)%] and in CB group [(11.6 +/- 2.6)%], C group [(1.2 +/- 0.3)%] are significant (P < 0.001), and the differences of the level of eotaxin in CAB group [(0.290 +/- 0.170) g/L], BA group [(0.240 +/- 0.140) g/L] and in CB group [(0.120 +/- 0.020) g/L], C group [(0.030 +/- 0.050) g/L] are also significant [CAB group-CB group (P = 0.007); CAB group-C group (P < 0.001); BA group-CB group (P = 0.018); BA group-C group (P = 0.001)], but the differences of those in BA group and in CAB group are not significant (P = 0.196, 0.490). The EOS/Leu % is significantly inversely correlated with the percentage of the first second forced expiratory volume/predicted value (FEV(1)%) in CAB group (r = -0.921, P < 0.001). The EOS/Leu % and the level of eotaxin are significantly inversely correlated with FEV(1)% respectively in BA group (r = -0.663, -0.643, P = 0.026, 0.033). The level of eotaxin in induced sputum is significantly positively correlated with the EOS/Leu % in CAB group (r = 0.658, P = 0.028) and BA group (r = 0.634, P = 0.036), but it is not correlated with any of Neu/Leu %, macrophage (Macro)/Leu % or lymphocyte (Lym)/Leu % in any group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Eotaxin possibly particulates in eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with BA and CAB by selective chemotactic activity on eosinophil.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Bacteriological findings in transtracheal aspirates from patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis: a preliminary report.

Thirty-six transtracheal aspirates from 34 patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis were examined bacteriologically. Bacteria were isolated from 30 aspirates, 23 of which yielded pure culture. Anaerobic bacteria were found in three aspirates, all in pure culture. This preliminary report indicates a greater complexity of the microbial flora in chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis than hitherto appreciated.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2002

The treatment of acute bronchitis by general practitioners in the UK. Results of a cross sectional postal survey.

BACKGROUND: In Australia and the UK acute bronchitis is a common presenting problem in general practice. When symptoms persist management can be difficult and despite evidence that antibiotics are usually ineffective their use is widespread. OBJECTIVE: To describe prescribing behaviour for acute bronchitis by general practitioners in the United Kingdom. METHOD: Cross sectional postal survey of UK GPs. RESULTS: Four hundred and nineteen (73%) GPs responded. Purulent sputum, fever and crepitations/crackles on chest examination were the most important reasons for prescribing antibiotics: 89% of GPs said the colour of the sputum influenced their decision; amoxycillin was the first choice; 40% of GPs believed that at least one in five consultations for ARI were affected by patient factors, usually to maintain patient satisfaction. 47% of GPs advised the use of bronchodilators, and 96% recommended the symptomatic use of paracetamol and fluids. CONCLUSION: General practitioners are influenced to use antibiotics by patient symptoms and signs for which there is little evidence. Patient psychosocial factors influence prescribing. Until clearer research findings from new studies are available, GPs may opt for a 'just in case' prescription.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

[Comparison in patients with chronic bronchitis of the data offered by the output-volume loop and the transfer capacity of CO].

The present study concerns 78 cases of chronic bronchitis (mean age : 55,3 years) submitted to a complete enough functional respiratory study (spirometry, RV, blood gases) and distributed into three groups:--Group I: 78 cases, mean age : 55 years. All these patients were submitted to spirometry, blood gases determination and determination of the transfer capacity of CO (by making use of the method under single breath : 54 cases,--or the method with steady state : 24 cases).--Group II : 15 cases, mean age 54 years. All these patients were submitted to spirometry, blood gases determination, determination of the transfer capacity of CO with the method under single breath and to a determination of the V (60-70%) CT output on the output-volume loop.--Group III : 13 cases, mean age 53,9 years. All these patients were submitted to spirometry, blood gases determination, determination of the transfer capacity of CO with the method under steady state and a determination of the V (60-70%) CT output on the output-volume loop. The comparison of the data and the study of the eventual correlations between the various parameters determined suggests that the determination of the V (60-70 %) CT on the V/V loop is a more reliable parameter of the obstructive ventilatory syndrome than the determination of the disorders in the transfer capacity of CO. This latter method of study under steady state appears often modified when there exists an alveolar (as yet mentioned by other authors); however, this is not the case when the test is performed under single breath. In the detection of chronic bronchitis, the informations obtained with the determination of the V (60-70 %) CT output appear thus to assume a great value, but these results necessitate to be verified in a greater number of patients.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed2002

[Experience in treating patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis with fenspirid].

AIM: To study a clinical effect of fenspirid and its impact on external respiration function in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) in the exacerbation phase. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 COB patients participated in the trial (20 males, 10 females, age 39-80 years). The severity of clinical symptoms (cough, sputum, dyspnea) was studied using special scales. External respiration function was examined by a spirometric system "Tamrac system spiro sense Y2 14". Fenspirid treatment was conducted in a dose 80 mg twice a day for 3 months. Control examinations were made 2 weeks, 1 and 3 months after the treatment start. RESULTS: A 3-month treatment with fenspirid resulted in regression of COB symptoms: cough and sputum ceased, dyspnea decreased. This led to improvement in external respiration function, especially in patients with mixed ventilatory disorders with prevailing restriction. CONCLUSION: Fenspirid is an effective and well tolerated treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Peripheral blood morphology during chronic bronchitis complicated by the effect of ozone].

In workers afflicted with chronic bronchitis (ChB) after breathing ozone leukocytosis gives place to leukopenia against development of lympho-, monocyto- and neutropenia. In contrast to the workers, in citizens who have not previously contacted ozone chronic obstructive bronchitis is characterized by leukocytosis with less expressed lympho- and neutropenia. Changes in peripheral blood in ChB patients (development of leuko-, lympho-, monocyto- and neutropenia) grow drastically in 5-8 years of ozone inhalation.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Assessment of safety and antihypertensive efficacy of a cardioselective beta-blocker nebivolol in patients with hypertension and concomitant chronic obstructive bronchitis].

Safety, tolerability and antihypertensive efficacy of a cardioselective beta-blocker nebivolol was studied in 30 patients with mild and moderate hypertension and concomitant stage I chronic obstructive bronchitis. Nebivolol (5 mg/day) was given for 1 month; in 5 patients complementary hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/day) was required for sufficient antihypertensive effect. Nebivolol was well tolerated (only 1 patient complained of head ache), did not cause worsening of bronchitis and spirometric parameters, exerted no cardiodepressive action, and did not induce apparent disturbances of metabolism.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2002

[Bronchial reactivity and mucosal bioamines as criteria for acute bronchitis becoming chronic].

AIM: To study bronchial reactivity and sensitivity with consideration of histamine, serotonin and catecholamines concentration in bronchial mucosa in patients with acute bronchitis (AB) as possible criteria of its becoming chronic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Before the treatment 116 patients with verified AB were examined using inhalation provocative tests (IPT) with histamine, serotonin and obsidian in increasing doses. Also, external respiration function was studied. IPT were repeated after the course of treatment. RESULTS: 87 of 116 AB patients exhibited high bronchial sensitivity and reactivity to inhalations of histamine, serotonin, obsidian. In parallel, there was a rise in the levels of histamine and serotonin and a fall in the level of catecholamines in bronchial mucosa (alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast and APUD-cells). Changes in monoamines concentration in bronchial mucosa were relevant to activity of bronchial inflammation and the presence of obstructive syndrome. CONCLUSION: Persistent bronchial hyperreactivity to inhalations of histamine and obsidian along with high histamine levels and low level of catecholamines in alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes and mucus is a criterion of bronchitis transformation to chronic one.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Study on effect of jinshui liujun jian oral liquid on serum superoxide dismutase activity and malonyldialdehyde content in mice with chronic bronchitis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Jinshui Liujun Jian Oral Liquid (JLJOL) on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content in mice with chronic bronchitis. METHODS: JLJOL was given to the chronic bronchitis mice model (induced by smoking) through gastrogavage, and then SOD activity and MDA content were tested. RESULTS: SOD activity in model mice after JLJOL treatment was 0.67 +/- 0.15 NU/L, which was significantly higher than that in the untreated model (0.39 +/- 0.13 NU/L, P < 0.01). But the MDA content in treated mice was significantly lower than that in untreated one (9.26 +/- 2.90 nmol/L vs 16.07 +/- 5.62 nmol/L, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: JLJOL could scavenge the injury of free radical on organism.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of Chinese bushen huatan drugs on pituitary-sex gland-immune axis in smoking induced chronic bronchitis mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Chinese Bushen Huatan Drugs (BSHT, Chinese drugs for Kidney tonifying and phlegm resolving) on pituitary-sex gland-immune axis in smoking induced mice model of chronic bronchitis. METHODS: Model mice were induced by smoking and divided into the model control group, the large dosage of BSHT group, the small dosage of BSHT group and the positive control group (treated by Guilong Kechuanning, a proved effective Chinese patent drug). A blank group of normal mice was also set for control. Serum levels of testosterone (T), luteotropic hormone (LH), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8), visceral indexes of testis, epididymis and thymus were measured and microstructure of testis tissue was also observed. RESULTS: As compared with those in the blank group, serum T, LH and IL-2 levels, and testis, epididymis and thymus indexes were all lower, and IL-8 level was higher in the model control group, moreover, atrophic change of testis was present in the model mice. These abnormal changes were all improved in the BSHT groups. CONCLUSION: Smoking induced mice model of chronic bronchitis, which may cause reproductive endocrine disturbance and immunosuppression. BSHT could modulate the pituitary-sex gland-immune axis through adjusting the disturbed sex hormone, improve the pathological change of testis and enhance the immunity of organism.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Efficiency of medication nebulizers in the treatment of dust obstructive bronchitis].

The clinical and functional study was aimed to evaluate efficiency of nebulized 2-agonists in miners suffering from moderate dust obstructive bronchitis. The nebulizers were used if conventional therapy appeared ineffective. The authors proved Berodual and Atrovent in nebulizers to be effective against dust obstructive bronchitis. Nebulizers enable to successfully cope with bronchial obstruction and occur to positively influence minor circulation hemodynamics.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed2002

[Cytological and biochemical indices of induced sputum in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis].

The aim of our research was to study the apoptotic index and the representativeness of CD95-receptor in the effector cells, in addition to estimation of the content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the induced sputum supernatant observed in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis. These indices were evaluated in the disease dynamics and involves various treatment programs. The object of our research was induced sputum. The analysis has proven that apoptotic index of effector cell nuclei, representativeness of CD95-receptor and the content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the induced sputum differed, respectively, in patients with bronchial asthma and chronical obstructive bronchitis, and depended on the period of disease and employed treatment. The induced sputum analysis results can be used for the airway inflammation activity monitoring, with regard to these diseases and to treatment efficiency monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[A multi-centered clinical study an domestic intravenous Turbutalin sulfate in the treatment of asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis].

OBJECTIVE: This multi-centered clinical trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of domestic intravenous Turbutalin Sulfate in the treatment of asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis. METHODS: Bricanyl was used as control. A total of 120 patients were included in this randomized controlled study. The two medications, both at a dose of 0.25 mg intravenous drip, were given three times a day for 3-5 days. RESULTS: The two drugs' clinical excellent rates were 66.7% and 73.3%; overall efficacy rates were 98.3% and 100.0%, respectively. Their pulmonary functional excellent rates were 78.4% and 76.6%; overall effect rates were 88.3% and 90.0%, respectively. Composite curative evaluation showed that the two drug's composite excellent rates were 61.6% both; their overall efficacy rates were 88.3% and 90.0%, respectively. All of these showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The incidence rates of adverse side effects of the two groups were 13.5% and 15.0%, respectively; most of them were mild and tolerable. CONCLUSION: Domestic intravenous Terbutalin Sulfate is effective and safe in treating asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Significance of immunoenzyme analysis in early diagnosis of dust bronchitis].

Measurement of levels of antibodies to a causative agent of tuberculosis with the aid of the enzyme immunoassay can serve as one of methods for early diagnosis of infectious- and dust diseases. Patients with clinically established diagnosis of dust bronchitis, latent silicotuberculosis and manifest silicotuberculosis demonstrated a significantly higher level of antituberculous antibodies in blood plasma as compared to controls. Establishment of the above fact permits regarding a major proportion of dust bronchitis as a silicotuberculous process.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

[A case of aspergillus bronchitis with effective oral itraconazole].

A 62-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C was admitted to our hospital because of fever and productive cough. A thoracic CT scan demonstrated a cavity in the left upper lobe, thickening of the bronchial walls and multiple subpleural infiltrates. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed aspergillus bronchitis. The patient was treated with 200 mg/day of oral itraconazole, but no effect was seen. Treatment with 300 mg/day of oral itraconazole, however, resulted in improvement of the symptoms and resolution of the radiographic abnormalities. We report a rare case of aspergillus bronchitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Cefaclor AF versus cefaclor in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

The effectiveness and safety of cefaclor advanced formula (AF) compared with cefaclor in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were evaluated in multicentre trials in the United States and Europe. In the US study, patients were randomized to receive either cefaclor AF 375 mg twice daily or 500 mg twice daily or 250 mg cefaclor three times daily. Three dose levels of cefaclor AF were used in the European study: 375 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg twice daily; the comparative agent was cefaclor 250 mg three times daily in the 375 mg and 500 mg strata, and cefaclor 500 mg three times daily in the 750 mg stratum. The total number of patients receiving cefaclor AF was 667 versus 357 patients receiving cefaclor. Results showed that cefaclor AF administered twice daily at 375, 500 or 750 mg was as effective as cefaclor 250 mg three times daily for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Evaluable patients receiving cefaclor AF in the US study had a clinical response rate of over 90% and a bacteriological response rate of over 85%. In the European study, patients receiving cefaclor AF had clinical response rates over 85% and bacteriological response rates ranging from 50% to 85%. The safety profile for cefaclor AF was similar to that reported for other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Acute and chronic effects of low dose almitrine bismesylate in the treatment of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

OBJECTIVES: Study of the acute and chronic effects of low-dose almitrine therapy in stable hypoxaemic patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. METHODS: A low daily dose of 75 mg almitrine bismesylate was administered for six months in 23 patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Nine patients (group 1) were placed on oral almitrine bismesylate 25 mg t.i.d. after they had received a single intravenous dose of 60 mg almitrine three months earlier. Fourteen additional patients, seven receiving almitrine (group 2) and seven placebo (group 3) were randomized for a 6 month double-blind evaluation of both acute and chronic effects of 75 mg almitrine on pulmonary gas exchange and on pulmonary haemodynamics. All patients were followed-up with regular measurements of blood gases, body plethysmography and with evaluation of peripheral nerve function. RESULTS: Acute effects of almitrine were a significant increase in arterial oxygen tension by 14 mmHg after intravenous (p < 0.001) and by 15 mmHg after oral administration (p < 0.001), amelioration of hypercapnia, a slight transient increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 26 +/- 7 to 29 +/- 6 mmHg (NS) and a decrease of shunt due to improvement in ventilation/perfusion mismatching. In contrast, no acute changes in blood gases and pulmonary pressures were seen in the placebo group. A combination of almitrine with oxygen (8-10 L/min) was most effective in amelioration of hypoxaemia and shunt. With chronic almitrine therapy, the improvements in gas exchange persisted without elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (26 +/- 8 mmHg), whereas a negative trend in change of blood gases and pulmonary artery pressure occurred in the placebo treated group (NS). No significant changes in external ventilation, other spirometric parameters or adverse effects concerning peripheral nerve function were seen after almitrine or placebo treatment. The elimination of almitrine was fitted to a three compartment model and the terminal half-life in the patient population was found to be 32 +/- 29 days after intravenous dosing. CONCLUSION: Acute and six-month almitrine bismesylate therapy at a low daily dose of 75 mg is found to be safe, even in severely compromised patients, with regard to pulmonary haemodynamics and peripheral nerve function. The agent is beneficial to pulmonary gas exchange, with reduction of hypercapnia, of intrapulmonary shunt and also with regard to sustained elevation of arterial oxygen tension. A combination with inhaled oxygen seems especially efficacious.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[The neuroendocrine reactions in patients with chronic bronchitis in a region of the northeastern USSR].

The author describes differences in the manifestations of mutually determined reactions of the sympathoadrenal and hypophyseoadrenocortical systems in their interaction with the biologically active substance serotonin in healthy persons (124) and patients suffering from chronic bronchitis at different times of living on the Chukot Peninsula. The most perfect system of the protective effect on the part of the neuroendocrine complex can be seen in chronic bronchitis patients within the first 3-5 years of living in the North as compared with the reaction of the neuroendocrine system in the examined patients with a longer "northern record" (10-15 years and more).

Adult↗