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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Lamina propria eosinophils and mast cells in ulcerative colitis: comparison between Asians and Caucasians.

To investigate the theory of hypersensitivity in the colonic mucosa of Asian patients with ulcerative colitis the rectal biopsy specimens of Asian and Caucasian patients presenting with colitis were selectively stained for both eosinophils and mast cells. Comparisons between ethnic groups were made as well as the correlation to the blood eosinophil count and two variables of active ulcerative colitis--the blood leucocyte count and serum orosomucoid concentration. No correlation was found in either group between circulating and tissue eosinophils and no ethnic difference was identified in the lamina propria differential cell densities. The leucocyte count and serum orosomucoid concentrations, however, were significantly higher in the Caucasians. In the Asian group a strong negative association was found between the lamina propria eosinophil density and serum orosomucoids; in the Caucasian group there was a positive association between all blood variables. It is concluded that different mechanisms occur in the two ethnic groups and in Asians these might not be reflected by the more orthodox indices of colonic inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A comparative review of Asian and British-born maternity patients in Bradford, 1974-8.

The perinatal mortality rate for Asian babies born in Bradford during the five years 1974-8 was persistently higher than for babies born to United Kingdom mothers. A comparative review of 18 924 British indigenous and 6443 Asian immigrant maternity patients delivered in Bradford from 1974-8 demonstrated several differences between the two ethnic groups. Factors operating in favour of Asian women were fewer teenage mothers, lower rates of illegitimacy, and fewer smokers. On the other hand, a greater number of factors presented increased risks to Asian patients-more women aged over 35, lower social class, higher parity, shorter pregnancy intervals, previous perinatal deaths, shorter duration of antenatal care, anaemia, shorter gestations, more babies born without professional help, and more low-birthweight babies. Local health education programmes are now concentrating on encouraging expectant mothers to attend early and regularly for antenatal care, to breast-feed their babies, and to increase the interval between pregnancies to at least one year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Asian endoscopies: is there a difference?

In 1988 2062 adults had their first oesophagogastroduodenoscopy at Leicester General Hospital, of whom 224 (10.9%) were Asian. A greater proportion of the Asian patients were less than 45 years old (46% vs 24%), which reflects the age distribution of the local population. When the findings at oesophagogastroduodenoscopy were analysed in two age groups (less than or older than 45) there were no differences between the races in the younger group. However, in the older group duodenal disease was significantly more common in the Asians (P less than 0.001) whereas gastric disease was more common in Caucasians (P less than 0.05). The incidence of cancer was much lower in the Asians.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Development of guidelines to facilitate improved support of South Asian carers by primary health care teams.

BACKGROUND: Evidence based guidelines are regarded as an appropriate basis for providing effective health care, but few guidelines incorporate the views of users such as carers. AIM: To develop guidelines to assist primary health care teams (PHCTs) in their work with carers within South Asian communities. METHODS: The guidelines were drawn up by a development group consisting of members of teams in areas with South Asian communities (Leicester and Bradford). The teams were invited to make their recommendations based on a systematic review of literature on minority ethnic carers and the findings of a study of the needs and experiences of local South Asian carers. A grading system was devised to enable the teams and a group of expert peer reviewers to assess the quality of evidence in support of each recommendation. RESULTS: The teams agreed seven recommendations, graded according to available evidence and strength of opinion. External peer review supported the PHCTs' interpretation of evidence and their recommendations. The recommendations included consideration of communication and information for carers, coordination of care within teams, and recognition by team members of the roles of carers and their cultural and religious beliefs. CONCLUSION: There are particular steps that PHCTs can take to improve their support of South Asian carers. It is possible to develop guidelines that take users' views into account and incorporate evidence from qualitative studies.

Asia, Western↗
PubMed2003

Plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids in captive Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants.

The fatty acid components of the plasma triglycerides and the phospholipid fractions of the red blood cells of a captive group of two African (Loxodonta africana) and four Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants were investigated. All the animals received the same diet of hay, fruits and vegetables, and concentrates. A comparison with data from free-ranging African elephants or Asian work-camp elephants showed that the captive elephants had lower proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and for several lipid fractions a higher n-6:n-3 ratio, than their counterparts in the wild or under the more natural, in terms of diet, work-camp conditions. The difference in PUFA content was smaller in the African than in the Asian elephants. The captive Asian elephants tended to have lower levels of n-3 and total unsaturated fatty acids in their red blood cells than the captive African elephants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Craniodental variation in the African macaque, with reference to various Asian species.

Based on twenty-seven craniodental measurements and ratios derived from them, the relationship between the African macaque (M. sylvanus) and the others in Asia were examined with principal components analyses (PCA) and Euclidean distance analysis based upon prior discriminant function analyses (DFA). Results based on analyses of raw measurements indicate that the variation between species lies in the first axis of PCA; the species are dispersed according to their differences in size. The variation between sexes (sexual dimorphism) lies in the second axis. In the analyses of ratio variables, though these two patterns of separation remain orthogonal, they lie at approximately forty-five degrees to each axis. Variables relating to anterior teeth were found to play an important role in variation analysis, and this may be related to the special food preferences of these monkeys: more frequent usage of the incisor teeth for processing frugivorous diets than in other primates that are mainly folivorous. The results from Euclidean distance analyses indicate that the average distance of species within the Asian group is shorter than that between Asian and African groups regardless of sex and variable type. In addition the variation between African and Asian groups is larger than that within Asian group. Thus, it is reasonable to suggest that the African macaque has a range of measurements and ratios quite distinct from the species found in Asia (though the greatest separations result from the analyses of ratio data). These results therefore support the view that M. sylvanus may be regarded as an independent species group in the genus Macaca as proposed by Delson [1980].

Africa↗
PubMed1979

A comparative study of Asian FMG and USMG psychiatrists.

Of 367 East Asian and South Asian psychiatrists responding to a 1976 survey, 295 were identified as foreign medical graduates (FMGs) and 72 as U.S. medical graduates. Comparison of the two groups showed that the FMG'S WERE MORE LIKEly to be trained and employed in state mental hospitals and other nonacademic settings and to treat patients of other minorities. The Asian FMGs were less likely to have specialty board certification, a finding that seems to reflect their incomplete professional development and American acculturation. The authors conclude that Asian FMG psychiatrists shoulder much of the responsibility for treating minority patients in the United States, a job for which they may be ill equipped. Their need for special training in both cultural and professional areas is emphasized.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1985

Cross-cultural comparison: psychiatric admission of Asian and indigenous patients in Leicestershire.

Sixty-nine Asian patients were admitted to the psychiatric hospitals of Leicestershire in 1978. A case-note comparison was made with sixty-nine matched indigenous control patients. Four aspects were studied in particular, which showed: There was no significant difference in the number of compulsory admissions between Asian and indigenous patients. The two groups did not differ in their length of stay in hospital. The diagnoses given to the Asian patients were significantly different from those of the control group. Major treatment received by the two groups differed according to the diagnostic labels but there was slightly increased use of Electro-convulsive Therapy in the Asian patients with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Asian inpatients in a district psychiatric unit: an examination of presenting features and routes into care.

The case notes of one hundred consecutive Asian admissions at first presentation to a distric psychiatric unit were examined. Asian admissions to Greenwich Hospital comprise a young, well educated group of predominantly Punjabi Sikhs. They present mostly through crisis services often following a domiciliary visit. General practitioners (GPs) were involved in only 34% of referrals although 54% of patients had Asian GPs. They are less likely to be compulsorily admitted than has previously been reported and very infrequently came into contact with police services. Alcoholism was found mostly in male married Sikhs. Psychotic illness accounted for 51% of presentations and neurotic depression for 18%, the latter being the largest single diagnostic category. This study raises questions regarding preferred routes into care for Asians and has service implications when considering establishment of accessible community services.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1994

The eating attitudes and behaviours of Asian and British schoolgirls: a pilot study.

This study set out to examine dietary, weight and eating attitudes of 12-18 year old British and Asian girls. Ninety-six subjects from a state school completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Binge Eating Questionnaire (BEQ) and a questionnaire concerning the perceived level of integration into British society. The mean EAT-26 score was higher than any other study has found using a school population. No significant correlation was found between age and EAT-26 score, and there was no significant difference between the Asian and British mean EAT-26 scores. The EAT-26 scores were not significantly higher in girls from families of higher socioeconomic class compared to those from lower socioeconomic class. There was however some support for the prediction that resentment in the Asian girls was expressed in higher EAT-26 scores. No significant group difference was found between Asian and British girls with regard to vomiting behaviour. The results are discussed in terms of the literature on eating disorders.

Acculturation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Football injuries at Asian tournaments.

PURPOSE: To examine the incidences and patterns of injuries that required medical attention among Asian football players. METHODS: A total of 411 Asian football players at both senior and youth (U-20) elite levels were observed during 50 international matches. Independent injury observers and team doctors determined the occurrence of injuries and recorded the location, type, time, and circumstances of the injuries using a protocol sheet. RESULTS: The overall injury frequency rate was 45.8 out of 1000 hours. As the tournaments progressed into the knockout stages, the incidence and severity of the injuries increased. The most common sites of injuries were the knees (18.5%), lower legs (17.3%), and ankles (14.2%). Although most injuries were diagnosed as contusions, the more serious injuries were those diagnosed as sprains (especially concerning the knee and ankle) or strains (thigh and back). CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of injuries to Asian football players were higher than those to European players, but the patterns of the injuries showed no major differences. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To develop an injury-prevention program, more solid and comprehensive data need to be collected to identify the risk factors and variables associated with higher incidences of injuries to Asian football players.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Is there a survival advantage in Asian peritoneal dialysis patients?

Over the last decade, epidemiological surveys and qualitative research literature have demonstrated and validated a better survival in the Asian peritoneal dialysis population. This review summarizes the current understanding of Asian peritoneal dialysis patient survival and attempts to scrutinize the supposed survival advantage of this population group. We outlined the published peritoneal dialysis survival data from a literature search, with reference to dialysis patient cohorts from 1983 through 2002 for prevalent cases and 1980 through 2002 for incident patients. Two-year and 5-year patient survival rates in excess of 80% and 60% respectively were demonstrated in Asian countries, which compared favorably with the CANUSA, ADEMEX and most Caucasian series. Better end-stage renal disease patient survival is apparent despite a dialysis adequacy disadvantage, for reasons yet to be identified. As is the case of other racial disparities in medical care, such a difference is a product of more than biological differences and include budgetary barrier, health care system and geographic variation, physician bias and statistical pitfalls. Particular efforts should therefore be made to explore the underlying reason(s) for the Asian peritoneal dialysis patient survival advantage. Alternative approach and guidelines to peritoneal dialysis delivery in Asia might be warranted.

Asia↗
PubMed1990

The Asian Mother and Baby Campaign (the Leicestershire experience).

Leicestershire was one of the 10 districts selected for inclusion in the Asian Mother and Baby Campaign, a campaign undertaken to help overcome the problems experienced by Asian women during pregnancy. To achieve this aim eight linkworkers were allocated to this district for a two year period. A local evaluation was undertaken using general practices with evidence of a higher than average perinatal risk. Linkworkers were distributed equally between the hospital and community setting. Women from the selected practices were interviewed at three points; booking for ante-natal care, following delivery and at the post-natal visit. It was found that the linkworkers provided a much needed interpreter service but were less successful in imparting health education knowledge to Asian women. In fact improvement in health education knowledge only occurred in women with a good understanding of English. A surprising finding was that there is still a very large proportion (approximately 50%) of Asian women in Leicestershire who are unable to communicate in English and are not therefore able to make full use of the available services.

Asia↗
PubMed2006

A review of the benefit-risk profile of gefitinib in Asian patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Improvements in first-line therapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have increased the need for effective second-line treatment options. In a Phase II trial of the anticancer drug gefitinib (IRESSA), greater efficacy was observed in Japanese compared with non-Japanese patients. Furthermore, results from a placebo-controlled Phase III trial (IRESSA Survival Evaluation in Lung cancer [ISEL]) showed that treatment with gefitinib was not associated with a statistically significant improvement in survival in either the overall or adenocarcinoma co-primary populations, although there was marked heterogeneity in survival outcomes between patient groups, with patients of Asian origin achieving a significant survival benefit with gefitinib compared with placebo. OBJECTIVE: To review the benefit:risk profile of gefitinib in Asian patients with advanced NSCLC. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We identified and reviewed 31 reports (each with >or= 25 patients) of clinical experience with gefitinib 250 mg/day in Asia involving a total of > 2000 patients with refractory NSCLC in Japan, China, Korea and Taiwan by searching EMBASE and Medline databases for publications between 1 January 2003 and 1 July 2005. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In the majority of these reports, objective response rates of > 25% and disease control rates of > 60% have been described. Treatment with gefitinib resulted in a median time to progression of > 3 months and a median survival time of > 6 months in most studies. These 31 reports also demonstrated the efficacy of gefitinib in patients with secondary brain metastases, those with poor performance status (PS) and in patients receiving the drug as first-line treatment. Female gender, adenocarcinoma histology, non-smoking history, good PS and the presence of multiple lung metastases are associated with improved responsiveness to gefitinib. Reflecting the results of previous clinical trials, the reports indicate that gefitinib is generally well tolerated by Asian patients. The incidence of interstitial lung disease appears to be higher in Japanese than non-Japanese patients, although the reasons for this are not clear. Recent findings regarding cellular and genetic factors that may underlie the increased responsiveness to gefitinib among Asian patients are discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2005

Cancer incidence in the south Asian population of California, 1988-2000.

BACKGROUND: Although South Asians (SA) form a large majority of the Asian population of U.S., very little is known about cancer in this immigrant population. SAs comprise people having origins mainly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. We calculated age-adjusted incidence and time trends of cancer in the SA population of California (state with the largest concentration of SAs) between 1988-2000 and compared these rates to rates in native Asian Indians as well as to those experienced by the Asian/Pacific Islander (API) and White, non-Hispanic population (NHW) population of California. METHODS: Age adjusted incidence rates observed among the SA population of California during the time period 1988-2000 were calculated. To correctly identify the ethnicity of cancer cases, 'Nam Pehchan' (British developed software) was used to identify numerator cases of SA origin from the population-based cancer registry in California (CCR). Denominators were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Incidence rates in SAs were calculated and a time trend analysis was also performed. Comparison data on the API and the NHW population of California were also obtained from CCR and rates from Globocan 2002 were used to determine rates in India. RESULTS: Between 1988-2000, 5192 cancers were diagnosed in SAs of California. Compared to rates in native Asian Indians, rates of cancer in SAs in California were higher for all sites except oropharyngeal, oesophageal and cervical cancers. Compared to APIs of California, SA population experienced more cancers of oesophagus, gall bladder, prostate, breast, ovary and uterus, as well as lymphomas, leukemias and multiple myelomas. Compared to NHW population of California, SAs experienced more cancers of the stomach, liver and bile duct, gall bladder, cervix and multiple myelomas. Significantly increasing time trends were observed in colon and breast cancer incidence. CONCLUSION: SA population of California experiences unique patterns of cancer incidence most likely associated with acculturation, screening and tobacco habits. There is need for early diagnosis of leading cancers in SA. If necessary steps are not taken to curb the growth of breast, colon and lung cancer, rates in SA will soon approximate those of the NHW population of California.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The notion of respect in Asian traditions.

The expression of respect is rooted in an individual's culture. In Asian cultures respect is seen as a religious duty. In Asian cultures respect is centred on the family and formally demonstrated through language and gestures. The Asian concept of respect influences feelings of responsibility within the family and the ways in which Asian patients may set about making decisions.

Asia↗
PubMed2000

Acculturation of South Asian adolescents in Australia.

BACKGROUND: This investigation is part of a wider research project on the acculturation and identity-related issues of South Asian young people in Britain, Canada and the US. There has been no published research on the acculturation of this ethnic group in Australia. The project is embedded within Berry's (1994) theoretical framework of acculturation. AIMS: There are two major aims of the research. Firstly, to discover any pattern of acculturation of South Asian young people and to compare it with that of their counterparts in Britain and Canada. Secondly, to validate the existing Acculturation Scale (Ghuman, 1975, 1997, 1999a) with a group of South Asian young people living in a different socio-political context. SAMPLES: The sample was drawn from three high schools--two being in Newcastle City, and one in a rural setting of New South Wales, Australia. A representative sample of 75 boys and girls (aged 14 to 16) from two social class backgrounds took part in the research. METHODS: The young people were requested to fill in a background questionnaire on their religion, languages spoken at home, best friend, frequency of visit to a temple, etc. They also completed the Aberystwyth Likert-type Acculturation Scale. RESULTS: Summated scores on the scale of two social class groups confirmed the previous finding that a non-manual group shows a higher degree of acculturation compared with a manual group. But, contrary to expectations, girls show lower acculturation than boys. The Spearman-Brown coefficient of reliability is 0.82--which is in line with the findings in England and Canada. CONCLUSIONS: The whole sample shows a lower degree of acculturation compared with their counterparts in Canada and England. This is fully contextualised: viz, at the time of research (March 1998) the socio-political of Australia was anti-Asian, due mainly to the impending general election in which immigration from Asia was a significant issue. The mean score of the sample reflects their bilingualism and biculturalism.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2005

Molecular demonstration of SLC4A1 gene deletion in two Mexican patients with Southeast Asian ovalocytosis.

We describe the finding of two Mexican patients with a specific 27-bp deletion in the solute carrier family 4 gene (SLC4A1delta27) (also known as the band 3 gene found on chromosome 17q21-q22), characteristic of Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO). The patients were asymptomatic, and the initial diagnosis was made by microscopic observation of the presence of typical stomatocytic ovalocytes. The gene deletion was confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Both patients were heterozygous for the deletion. One patient is from Tabasco state, in southeastern Mexico, a malaria-endemic zone. The other patient is from Mexico City, which is not a malaria-endemic area. Their families have no non-Mexican ancestors and their previous generations were born in Mexico. Both patients carry the HLA-B*3501 subtype, characteristic of Amerindians and Asian populations. Familial and HLA data led us to conclude that these two patients are the first report of SLC4A1delta27 in Amerindians. The nucleotide analysis showing a perfect match sequence between Southeast Asian and Mexican patients suggests, but does not prove, that the Mexican gene is not a de novo mutation. Instead, this gene might be the result of migration of individuals with Asian ancestry into the Mexican gene pool. We are looking for other families with the mutation to detect, by HLA analysis, the ancient ethnic origin of these patients.

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte↗