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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Variations in bone regeneration adjacent to implants augmented with barrier membranes alone or with demineralized freeze-dried bone or autologous grafts: a study in dogs.

A study was performed in two large hound dogs to evaluate the bone-induction potential of demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDBA) placed into defects adjacent to implants that were placed into extraction sockets. Two implants were untreated controls, two implants received only Gore-Tex Augmentation Membrane (GTAM), two implants received GTAM and autologous bone, and six sites received GTAM and DFDBA. DFDBA was prepared from the long bones of a dog of the same breed as the experimental dogs. P2, P3, and P4 were extracted bilaterally, and buccal defects were created and measured. Twelve commercially pure titanium Brånemark implants were placed. At 12 weeks, clinical measurements were taken and the dogs were sacrificed. The untreated control defects had a mean clinical bone fill of 1.75 mm (37%). Sites treated with autologous bone had a mean of 5.0 mm (95%) of clinical bone fill within the original defects. Sites treated with DFDBA and barriers had 3.8 mm (75%) of bone fill, while sites treated with membranes alone had a mean of 4.2 mm (80%) of bone fill. Histologic evaluation revealed that DFDBA sites had retained nonviable bone chips in 45.4% of the bone matrix, and only 8.3% was lamellar bone. Autologous graft sites had 26.2% retained bone chips within the bone matrix, and 61% percent of the matrix consisted of lamellar bone. For GTAM-only sites, 70.2% of the matrix was lamellar bone and 29.8% was woven bone. Retained DFDBA bone chips were nonviable, occasionally surrounded by woven bone, and appeared to break up and then remineralize without the presence of osteoclastic or osteoblastic activity. Retained autologous bone chips were surrounded and incorporated by the host bone. The autologous bone grafts and DFDBA implants were considered to be osteoconductive. For the three treatment groups, within the defects there were sparse bone-implant contacts. The results indicate that GTAM barriers alone or with autologous bone grafts produced the best clinical and histologic results. DFDBA did not appear to induce bone formation in any of the evaluated specimens.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1994

Vertical ridge augmentation using a membrane technique associated with osseointegrated implants.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate: (1) the surgical protocol, effectiveness, and reliability for vertical ridge augmentation using a new titanium-reinforced membrane and osseointegrated implants; and (2) the histologic characteristics of the interface between a pure titanium implant and newly regenerated human bone. Five patients received 15 conical Brånemark-type implants in six different surgical sites requiring vertical augmentation. The implants protruded 4 to 7 mm from the bone crest. Pure titanium miniscrews (1.3 x 10 mm) were positioned distally to the implants, protruding 3 to 4 mm from the bone level. The implants and the miniscrews were covered with a titanium-reinforced membrane, and the flaps were sutured. Membranes were removed at the stage 2 surgery after 9 months of healing. Measurements of biopsy specimens showed a gain in bone height from 3 to 4 mm. Histologic examination showed that all retrieved miniscrews were in direct contact with bone. Histomorphometric analysis of bone contact gave a mean value of 42.5 +/- 3.6% for five of the six examined miniscrews. The results suggest that the placement of implants protruding 3 to 4 mm from the top of resorbed bone surfaces may result in vertical bone regeneration to the top of the implant cylinder and that the regenerated bone is able to osseointegrate pure titanium implants.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cleft lip and palate as seen in the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

The purpose of this study was to update cleft lip and palate anormalies in Nigerian Africans using clinic materials. Hospital available information about records of 45 children with cleft lip and palate were reviewed. The 24 males and 21 females were all seen at the Dental centre, U. C. H., Ibadan during a period of six years. Twice more females than males had complete cleft of the palate and alveolar process on one side of the premaxilla. Majority of the clefts of the soft and hard palates on both sides of the premaxilla occurred in males with a male-to-female ration 6:1. There were several bilateral clefts and a preponderance of left unilateral clefts over clefts on right side. No other clear-cut patterns emerged probably because of small sample size.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A method for the prevention and treatment of alveolitis].

The majority of the know methods for therapy of alveolitis are aimed at liquidation of an inflammation in the well and include drug and physiotherapy combined with the required surgical treatment of a well. The aim of our research was development and validation of a method for treatment and prevention of alveolitis providing the optimal conditions for well healing, reducing the period of treatment, and preventing progressive atrophy of the alveolar process. The method consists in the well curettage, its filling with a transplant, and subsequent suturing of the mucosa. The immediate and late results of treatment were good.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Autotransplantation of 45 teeth to the upper incisor region in adolescents.

Young, growing individuals with one or more upper incisors missing due to trauma, agenesis or extraction of abnormal teeth can be treated with autotransplantation to restore aesthetics and function and to preserve the volume of the alveolar process. Studies have been performed to evaluate the prognosis, indicating a good prognosis, especially if an immature transplant is available, developed to 3/4 of the full root length. The purpose of this study was to analyse the result of all autotransplantation of teeth performed to the upper incisor region between 1979 and 1990 at the Department of Oral Surgery, Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden. The material consists of 23 immature and 22 mature teeth in 40 patients with a mean age of 12 years. They were systematically followed up clinically and roentgenologically for up to four years after surgery. 22 of the 23 immature (96%) and 18 of the 22 mature teeth (82%) were observed to be without serious complications. The complications occurred, with one exception, within the first year of observation. The conclusion drawn from this study is that autotransplantation to the upper incisor region can be performed with a good prognosis, both for mature and immature teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anatomical considerations relevant to implant procedures in the mandible.

The authors review anatomical facts significant for preoperative planning of implant procedures in the mandible. This planning includes the precise evaluation of distinct anatomical factors, such as the position of the mandibular canal, the width of the mandibular cortical plates and the degree of involutive changes of the inferior dental artery. The mandibular canal is usually situated centrally in the mandibular corpus, slightly closer to the lingual cortex in its distal parts; towards the front, it approaches the vestibular cortical layer. Mesially from the mental foramen, a clearly defined incisive canal is present in only one third of the edentate mandibles. Mandibular corpus of the edentate mandibles consists of cancellous bone enclosed by a shell of compact cortical bone. Cortical layers demonstrate significant variations in width; nevertheless, the widths of lateral cortical layers, generally, enable safe placement of endosseous implants. Finally, in patient's preoperative assessment, involutive changes of the inferior dental artery should also be considered. During the involution of the mandibular alveolar process, it shows changes of direction and calibre, changes in arborization and, sometimes, complete occlusion of the main trunk. The degree of these involutive changes points out the mandibular vascular supply and the regenerative capacity of the tissues needed for the success of the implant procedure.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Melanoma of the mucosa of the mouth and upper respiratory tract].

3 cases of extracutaneous melanoma are described: those of the alveolar process of maxilla, nose septum and ethmoidal cavity. Clinical symptoms were nose haemorrhages, difficulties of the nose respiration, pains in the month. Histologically melanomas were of a typical structure being formed of the epithelioid and naevus-like cells with high content of melanine with an extra- and intracellular location.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[X-ray and morphological changes in fibrous osteodysplasias of the jaws in children].

Thirty-three children were examined operated on for histologically verified fibrous osteodysplasia. X-ray examinations of the maxilla and mandible were carried out in the nasofrontal and lateral projections, roentgenograms were made in the semiaxial and naso-forehead projections, and intraoral roentgenograms of the teeth and alveolar processes, orthopantomograms of the mandible, and linear tomograms were made. Five variants of an x-ray picture of fibrous dysplasia were distinguished which should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Anomalies of the masticatory apparatus in beta-thalassemia. The present status after transfusion and iron-chelating therapy].

Fifty-four homozygous beta-thalassemic patients (26 men and 28 women) aged 7 to 24 years, who had been treated with high transfusion regimen (Hb levels = 9-10 g/dl) and chelation therapy (desferrioxamine, 35-50 mg/kg), underwent clinical and radiographic investigations. This study was aimed at assessing the clinical and radiographic changes in the stomatognathic system (teeth, mandible and maxilla, occlusion relationship and dental bases). All patients underwent orthopantomography and teleradiography of the skull, in the lateral view. Twenty thalassemic patients (13 men and 7 women) of the same age but treated with low transfusion regimes (Hb levels = 5-6 g/dl) were examined as a control group. Our results indicate that: 1) in the control group, osteopenia is the specific lesion of anemia, in both the alveolar process and the mandible, following marrow expansion. Consequently, diastema of incisors and several types of malocclusion follow--i.e., overjet, anterior open-bite and crossbite, nearly all of them associated with II dental and skeletal patterns of Angle's classification. 2) In adequately transfused patients, no lesions are observed in 55% of cases, in both the teeth and the facial skeleton. This means that current treatment methods can prevent bone abnormalities, especially if transfusions begin at birth. Nevertheless, osteopenia of the mandible (31.4%) and dental and/or skeletal malocclusions (40.7%) remain in many cases, because of persistent marrow expansion, which usually follows incorrect treatment. 3) General dental diseases--e.g., caries, paradentosis, gingivitis, etc.--affect both populations with the same incidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concept of periodontal plastic surgery.

With the development of various reconstructive and regenerative techniques in the 1980s, mucogingival surgery evolved into periodontal plastic surgery. This article highlights the surgical procedures which currently can be classified under the concept of Periodontal Plastic Surgery. The learning objective of this article is a review and update of these surgical procedures.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1993

[Improvement of the stability of the total lower prosthesis by vestibuloplasty].

An up-to-date method of vestibuloplasty is shown by a case report. The flap raised from the cheek is suitable to cover the surface of the anterior alveolar process made free during the deepening of the lower vestibular fold. The recipient and donor areas are both within the oral cavity, thus the procedure is simple and the patients can bear it without difficulty. Due to the new anatomical situation the functional stability of complete dentures is considerably increased.

Cheek↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Finite element method analysis of craniofacial morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate prior to palatoplasty.

The craniofacial morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) prior to palatoplasty was analyzed with the finite element method (FEM). The study examined cross-sectional data sets of affected and control males aged 4.5 to 6.0 years from Czechoslovakia. The facial skeleton and cranial base were discretized into 26 two-dimensional, triangular finite elements. Cranial base morphology is altered in UCLP. The extensive nature of most craniofacial deformities means that almost any registration is likely to be distorted. The fundamental advantage of the FEM is that biological descriptions are not dependent upon the selected reference plane. The FEM localizes changes in form to discrete anatomical regions. Significant shape and size differences characterize UCLP prior to palatoplasty. Dramatic deformations associated with cheiloplasty are localized to the lips and maxillary alveolar process. Nasal deformation reflects loss of structural support for the nose.

Child↗
PubMed1995

[Computer tomography in implantology].

During the planning of implantation the CT method helps in determining the location of the implant and aids in choosing the right implant. It provides the following measurable information about the jaw-bones: height and width; exact location of bone deficiencies; the orovestibular shape of the alveolar process; the course of the mandibular canal; the location of the mental foramen; the location and size of the canalis incisivus; the area of the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus; the quality of the bones and the relationship between cortical and spongious bone. In comparison to the X-ray examinations possession of these informations increase significantly the safety of planning before surgery.

Dental Implantation↗
PubMed1995

Bone augmentation with hydroxyapatite: histological findings in 55 cases.

Bone augmentation was performed for 55 implant patients (21 male, 34 female) with hydroxyapatite granules. In 38 patients the hydroxyapatite was covered with lyophilized dura mater to avoid its loss during the healing phase. Sixty-seven punch biopsies were obtained between 14 days and 7 years. The undecalcified specimens were embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate), sectioned and stained to demonstrate bone formation. Increasing metaplastic formation of woven bone trabeculae was observed beginning with the earliest specimens. The hydroxyapatite was in intimate contact with the bone and later was partially included within its matrix. In some areas, the woven bone was resorbed by osteoclasts together with the hydroxyapatite, and mature lamellar bone was deposited by dense layers of osteoblasts. After 20 months, sufficient new bone formation occurred to permit implant insertion. In a whole mandible specimen obtained 5.6 years after implant placement, there was almost complete ossification of the hydroxyapatite. The inclusion of the titanium implants within the newly formed bone was evident, and the hydroxyapatite granules applied during second-stage surgery were firmly embedded within the newly formed trabecular bone. The bone augmentation technique described has been used successfully in over 600 cases and can be considered as safe. Bone formation in contact with hydroxyapatite was demonstrated histologically in a large number of human biopsies.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[War injuries of the mandible and sequelae 50 years later].

About 50 years after the end of World War II 84 former soldiers of the German army were examined for aftereffects of their war injuries. Among the data recorded for analysis were the age at which the injury was incurred, the examination intervals, the region affected by the injury and the cause of the injury, but also the different levels of aftereffects of injuries. A total of 53 applicants had suffered mandibular injuries. Considering the wide scattering range, it can be concluded that values of about 20 percent represent a mean degree of incapacitation, primarily due to a combination of loss of teeth and parts of the alveolar process and the effects on the prosthetic support. Casuistic examples illustrate special histories or developments including sarcomagenesis in the region originally affected by the injury.

Aged↗