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Results for “Alcoholic Intoxication”

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PubMed1985

The effect of alcohol intoxication on inflammation of the cornea.

New Zealand albino rabbits received daily intraperitoneal injections of alcohol (ethyl alcohol), 1.6 g/kg and the effect of short-term (three days) and long-term (six weeks) administration on corneal inflammation was studied. Both regimens produced an average peak serum concentration of more than 0.200 g/dL, a level consistent with gross intoxication in the majority of humans. Clinical signs of intoxication were present in all animals, manifested by a gross disturbance of equilibrium and gait. Neither regimen produced measurable liver damage. Nonetheless, following both regimens of alcohol administration, significantly fewer polymorphonuclear leukocytes invaded the corneas of animals receiving alcohol than invaded the corneas of simultaneously run controls receiving intraperitoneal saline. These data provide a mechanism to explain why an alcoholic individual might not cope with a corneal infection as well as a nonalcoholic person, an observation long thought to be true clinically.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of zinc-metallothionein on lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and in mouse liver in acute alcoholic intoxication].

The reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in mouse blood plasma and liver 1h-1 day after the acute ethanol poisoning (3 g/kg) was discovered. Rat liver zinc-metallothionein in a dose 2 mg/kg inoculated before the alcohol introduction restored the MDA level to norm; at the same time the mixture which modulated this protein (albumin, cysteine and zinc) had only the tendency to normalization of the MDA level. On the third day after the poisoning in all cases the 2-2.5 times increase of the plasma MDA level was shown, but the liver MDA content did not change in comparison with the control. The number of the possible explanation of reduction of plasma lipid peroxidation level in the early time after the ethanol poisoning was proposed (hypoxy, aldehyde dehydrogenase activation etc.). It is supposed that zinc-metallothionein influence is connected with its capacity to inactivate acetaldehyde.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed2005

Gap acceptance and risk-taking by young and mature drivers, both sober and alcohol-intoxicated, in a simulated driving task.

A single-blind randomized study was conducted on young (18-21 years, n = 16) and mature (25-35 years, n = 16) drivers to assess how age, combined with a modest dose of alcohol (0.7 g/kg for males and 0.6 g/kg for females), influenced performance on a driving simulator. The driving tasks included detecting the presence of a vehicle on the horizon as quickly as possible, estimating the point on the road that an approaching vehicle would have passed by the participants' vehicle (time-to-collision) and overtaking another vehicle against a steady stream of oncoming traffic. The results of the vehicle detection task showed that detection times were significantly slower with maturity, alcohol consumption and lower approaching vehicle speeds (50 kph), particularly on curved sections of road. Approaching vehicle speed was also found to significantly influence time-to-collision (TTC) judgments, such that faster approach speeds led to less underestimated (and therefore riskier) judgments of TTC than slower speeds. In the overtaking task, mature participants demonstrated impaired discrimination skills with varying approaching vehicle speeds, while young participants recorded significantly slower speeds while overtaking a vehicle, thus increasing the time that they spent in the opposing lane. In conclusion, young and mature drivers demonstrated pivotal differences in behavior in this study. Young drivers showed a greater tendency to engage in risky driving, while experienced drivers appeared to be more susceptible to perceptual influences. Overall, alcohol consumption impaired a driver's ability to divide attention, but had little effect on decision-making processes.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An increase in the brain homocarnosine level during alcohol intoxication].

It is shown that the content of neurospecific dipeptide of homocarnosine in the brain and blood of rats increases considerably after intraperitoneal administration of ethanol. The exogenous leu-enkephalin exerts an effects on the development of the alcoholic organism response.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗