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PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in cyclic nucleotide metabolism in compensatory adrenal hypertrophy (following unilateral adrenalectomy)].

The cyclic nucleotide content, adrenocortical adenylatecyclase, guanylatecyclase, cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity, as well as the blood corticosteroid content of guinea pigs were determined at the different periods after bilateral adrenalectomy. The raised basal adenylatecyclase effect was also seen during compensatory hypertrophy of the sole adrenal. The response of adenylatecyclase to ACTH and Na is also enhanced at this moment. It is suggested that a physiological increase in the blood ACTH concentration, resultant of unilateral adrenalectomy, intensifies the adenylatecyclase catalytic activity and does not induce enzyme desensitization. The guanylatecyclase activity grows. It was established that changes in both cyclase activities are dependent on the postoperative time and are equal by character. The alteration of adenylatecyclase state always leads to the rise of guanylatecyclase activity. Changes in the cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity were not observed.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of adrenalectomy and hydrocortisone on the status of the insulin receptors in the plasma membranes of the rat liver].

A study was made of the effect of adrenalectomy (10 days after operation), administration of hydrocortisone to adrenalectomized rats (1 mg per 100 g bw a day for 10 days, starting from the 1st day after operation), and hydrocortisone-induced hypercorticoidism (5 mg per 100 g bw a day for 14 days) on the parameters of insulin receptors of liver plasma membranes. Depiction of the obtained data in the form of the Sketchard-Meites-Rose dependencies has shown that adrenalectomy increases the concentration and affinity of the receptors for the hormone. Administration of hydrocortisone to adrenalectomized rats reduces the concentration of the receptors, while hypercorticoidism decreases their affinity without affecting the concentration. The data obtained suggest an indirect action of glucocorticoids on the insulin receptors in liver plasma membranes.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1984

Footshock sensitivity of rats after adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid treatments.

The threshold of flinch-jump response to electric footshock was measured after adrenalectomy (ADX) in male albino rats. The ADX-rats showed higher threshold from the 2nd to 6th postoperative days than the sham-operated animals. Daily subcutaneous administration of 100 micrograms/100 g b.w. corticosterone (CS) led to restoration of the footshock sensitivity of ADX-rats. The same effect was observed following dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. DEX but not CS administration resulted in a decrease of the footshock sensitivity in the sham-operated rats. On the 9th and 18th days after adrenalectomy, in contrast to the early postoperative period, the threshold for footshock sensitivity was significantly lower than in sham-operated controls. It is suggested that an excess release of endogenous opiates from the pituitary are involved in the changes of pain threshold under the conditions studied.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1984

The effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on the fine structure of the rat myocardium.

The subcellular effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on the rat myocardium were examined on 50 male rats. The animals, divided into groups of ten, were killed 3, 17, 18, 19 and 21 after adrenalectomy. The early changes consisted of moderate intracellular edema of many cardiac muscle cells and disarrangement of their myofibrils. The late changes consisted of prominent intracellular edema of many cardiac muscle cells, destruction of numerous myofibrils, dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and accumulation of numerous irregular mitochondria in subsarcolemma areas of the sarcoplasm. The lipofuscin granules seemed to be increased in number. Many endothelial cells were edematous and platelet aggregations filled the lumen of some small vessels.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1978

Recurrent and persistent Cushing's syndrome after assumed total bilateral adrenalectomy.

Two cases of recurrent Cushing's syndrome after assumed total bilateral adrenalectomy are presented. Both cases were due to adrenal tissue left at the adrenalectomy. In the first case the lack of preoperative localization of the adrenal remnant caused severe postoperative complications. In the other patient localization of the adrenal tissue was achieved by scanning after administration of 131I-19-iodocholesterol. The reoperation was easy and the postoperative course smooth.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of adrenalectomy on the gastric juice secretion evoked by food or histamine in dogs].

Comparison was made of the effect of total adrenalectomy on the gastric secretion in chronic experiments on dogs with the Pavlov's stomach and Basov's fistula. A decrease of the maximal secretion level of gastric juice was associated with the alteration of the organ hemodynamics. A tendency to reduction of the acid production in the stomach was revealed. Essential differences were noted in the character of proteolytic enzymes secretion with different agents stimulating the secretion. Specific nature of the gastric secretory system for each stimulant, and different effects of adrenalectomy on the secretion induced by these stimulants was shown.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate decarboxylase activity in synaptosomes of various regions of the brain of rats in adrenalectomy and in subsequent hydrocortisone administration].

The adrenalectomy in rats followed by a single hydrocortisone administration had no influence on the glutamate decarboxylase activity and maximum rate of [3H] GABA uptake by synaptosomes of hypothalamus, hippocampus and cerebral hemispheres. Km of [3H] GABA uptake by synaptosomes in the above mentioned brain regions under adrenalectomy decreases sharply; hydrocortisone administration increases Km of mediator uptake by hippocampus synaptosomes, and hydrocortisone in vitro increases Km of [3H] GABA uptake by hypothalamus synaptosomes.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1983

Urinary excretion of catecholamines in patients with primary aldosteronism before and after unilateral adrenalectomy.

The authors compared urinary excretion of noradrenalin (NA), adrenalin (A) and dopamine (DA) in 12 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), 54 healthy controls and 17 patients with fixed benign essential hypertension (BEH), and in PA investigated the changes occurring in the catecholamine spectrum after removal of aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma. The patients with PA before adrenalectomy differed from the controls and patients with BEH by low NA excretion and high DA excretion. After unilateral adrenalectomy, patients with PA presented simultaneously with BP, aldosterone and renin normalization a rise in NA excretion and a drop in urinary DA to similar or lower values than those found in the controls and BEH. The results show that changes in urinary catecholamines excretion in A may be a secondary consequence of hypermineralocorticism. High DA may be the consequence of a mobilization of contra-regulatory natriuretic mechanisms in the course of aldosterone-induced sodium retention. Low NA and A may participate in lowering the plasma renin activity which in PA in suppressed, sometimes disproportionately to the actual body sodium content.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1984

Results of adrenalectomy with various surgical approaches in the treatment of different diseases of the adrenal glands.

In a retrospective study, the impact of the various possible approaches for adrenalectomy were analyzed in 90 patients undergoing 120 adrenalectomies in one or two operations. The posterior approach proved to be the best tolerated procedure as expressed by the shortest operation time (less than 60 minutes) and the lowest blood loss (less than 100 milliliter). The number of opiate injections required was the lowest with this operation and the ambulation earliest (on the first postoperative day). Only two instances of wound infection, both from dorsal incision, occurred in operations for hypercortisolism in 46 patients (4 per cent). Splenectomy was necessary in four of 32 laparotomies (12 per cent), mostly for pheochromocytoma. There was no operative related mortality. The preoperative measures to reduce preoperative and postoperative complications are given.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Restoration by adrenalectomy of weight and binding capacity of glucorcorticoid receptors of the thymus in AH 130 tumor-bearing rats.

The binding capacity of specific receptors for dexamethasone (11beta,17alpha,21-trihydroxy-9alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione) in the cytoplasm of the thymus of rats bearing AH 130 (solid-type) tumors decreased significantly during tumor growth. Adrenalectomy restored the binding capacity of the glucocorticoid receptors and the weight of the thymus to nearly the normal values in rats bearing tumors. The affinity of these receptors for dexamethasone was very low in rats bearing tumors, but it was also restored to nearly the normal value by adrenalectomy.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1981

Ameliorative effects of adrenalectomy on the hyperphagia, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension of obese, spontaneously hypertensive rats (Obese/SHR).

Genetically obese and hypertensive rats (Obese/SHR) were subjected to sham or bilateral adrenalectomy at 4-5 weeks of age with the onset of hyperphagia. The sham-operated Obese/SHR ate voraciously and by 180 days of age males weighed 700 g and females 590 g. The adrenalectomized Obese/SHR ate much less and weighed 325 and 225 g. The systolic blood pressure of the intact Obese/SHR ranged from 160 to 170 mmHg, whereas the blood pressure of the adrenalectomized animals ranged from 108 to 110 mmHg. The thymi of the intact Obese/SHR were massive compared to those of the adrenalectomized rats. Adrenalectomy effectively reduced the hyperinsulinaemia, adiposity, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and elevated BUN levels of the obese rats. Several obese rats had old or new myocardial infarcts, fatty livers, giant-sized islets of Langerhans, nodular and hyperaemic adrenal glands, narrow zona glomerulosa devoid of lipid, vacuolated inner cortical zones, foci of intimal fibrinohyalin deposits in mesenteric arteries, early glomerulosclerosis, and large, rounded bladder calculi. The adrenalectomized Obese/SHR displayed none of these stigmata. It is suggested that the genetically programmed obesity and hypertension in these SHR are mediated by abnormal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-gonadal axis, may be likened to Cushing's disease in the human, and is associated with accelerated ageing.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1982

Localization of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in the normal rat kidney and the effect of adrenalectomy on its localization in the hamster and rat kidney.

Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques were used to study the localization of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in the normal rat kidney. In the fluorescence microscopical preparations, the glycoprotein was observed in the thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle and distal convoluted tubules and was thus, in general, similar to our earlier observations on the hamster and man. The situation in the maculae densae was, however, somewhat different, for in the rat the majority of them were seen to possess Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein on the luminal surfaces of their cells and only a small proportion resembled the hamster and man in lacking it. These observations were confirmed by the immuno-electron microscope technique. Furthermore, it was shown that in the thick ascending limbs and distal convoluted tubules, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein is associated with the total plasma membrane systems of its cells. Thus it appears that Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein is confined to that part of the nephron responsible for the process of urine dilution. As this function is, at least in part, regulated by adrenal cortical hormones, the effect of adrenalectomy on the distribution of the glycoprotein was studied. The results obtained showed varying degrees of disappearance of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in the kidneys of adrenalectomized hamsters, initially from the distal convoluted tubules and later from the thick ascending limbs. In the rat, on the other hand, the effect of adrenalectomy on Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein was much less pronounced, possibly due to the presence of secondary adrenal tissue. The possible physiological significance of these findings is discussed.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1982

Is aminoglutethimide an alternative to adrenalectomy for metastatic carcinoma of the breast?

Aminoglutethimide inhibits steroid synthesis by the adrenal gland and the peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogens. As such it has been recommended in the place of adrenalectomy for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Aminoglutethimide with hydrocortisone was given to 19 women with metastatic cancer of the breast whose disease was progressive, who would otherwise have undergone adrenalectomy and whose potential for response was good. Four patients could not tolerate the drug and seven failed to respond. Eight women had an objective response, complete in two and partial in four. In two patients the disease stabilized. The period of treatment ranged from 11 to 26 months but three patients are still on treatment after 26 months. The authors conclude that aminoglutethimide has a place in the management of women with advanced breast cancer who satisfy the criteria for hormone manipulation.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1982

Effects of fasting and adrenalectomy on the kinetics of glucose metabolism in granivorous and carnivorous birds.

1. [1-(14)C]-Glucose was used to estimate the rate of glucose replacement and of hexose recycling via 3-carbon compounds in fed, fasted and fasted-adrenalectomized granivorous (chickens) and carnivorous (black vultures) birds. 2. Fed chickens had a larger body glucose mass and 3 to 4-fold higher rates of glucose replacement than fed black vultures. Glucose recycling represents a larger fraction of the overall glucose replacement rate in chickens (60%) than in black vultures (25%). 3. Following a 72-h fast, the body glucose mass of chickens decreased markedly, without appreciable changes in fractional turnover rates but glucose replacement rates were reduced to 48% of fed values. In contrast, these parameters were much less affected by fasting in carnivorous birds, the largest difference being the rate of replacement which was 70% of the fed values. 4. In both species, fasting after adrenalectomy induced a marked reduction of body glucose mass. However, while fractional turnover rates increased in black vultures, they actually decreased in chickens. Consequently, glucose replacement rates were markedly reduced in fasted-adrenalectomized chickens, but did not change or increase in black vultures. Adrenalectomized chickens showed decreased tolerance to intravenous glucose loads. 5. The results indicate that: a) the maintenance of constant blood sugar levels during prolonged fasting in carnivorous birds is due solely to their high gluconeogenic capacity and b) in carnivorous, but not granivorous birds, increased rates of peripheral glucose utilization plus diminished gluconeogenesis contribute to reduce blood sugar levels after adrenalectomy.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1981

Transvenous adrenalectomy for advanced carcinoma of the breast.

Since in our extensive series, there was only minimal morbidity and no mortality, we suggest that transvenous adrenalectomy be recommended to more patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast. In this way, patients would be spared an additional operative procedure, while treatment efficacy is monitored by available tests of adrenal function. Since the success rate approaches that offered by surgical ablation, this simpler and less time-consuming approach to adrenalectomy may result in the modality being offered to selected candidates who would otherwise not consider the alternative of surgical adrenal ablation.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilateral adrenalectomy for advanced breastcarcinoma (author's transl)].

Two hundred and seventy-one consecutive charts of all patients who underwent a bilateral adrenalectomy from 1955 till 1974 were studied. Of those 267 could be retained for this study. The operation was performed through a bilateral subdiaphragmatic or transabdominal approach. The postoperative corticosteroid substitution therapy did not pose grave problems. A remission was obtained in 36.2% of all cases (average 18 months, median 10 months with 4% 5 years later. The mortality was 20.7% and is the exponent of an aggressive approach with few criteria for exclusion from surgery. Massive liver and neurons system metastases were contra-indications for surgery. When a remission the survival attained 24.7 months with a median of 20 months and 8% at 5 years. A few survived much longer. Presently, the bilateral adrenalectomy, a major procedure, should be reserved for those women with a hormone dependent tumor. Criteria are the study of the hormone receptors or the observation of a prior remission after a premenopausal oophorectomy. A multi-disciplinary approach including several types of chemotherapy can be applied to those patients for whom surgery is contraindicated. (Acta chir. belg., 1981, 80, 1-9).

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1980

Vascular anatomy and surgical technique for bilateral adrenalectomy in the equid.

The vascular anatomy of the adrenal glands and a surgical technique for bilateral adrenalectomy in the equid are described. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in six ponies and one horse via bilateral transcostal retroperitoneal approaches through the 18th rib during a single anesthetic period. Complications included hemorrhage from the right side only and pneumothorax which usually occurred on the right side. One pony died as a result of the surgical technique. Maintenance of adrenal function was accomplished with desoxycorticosterone pivilate and prednisolone.

Adrenal Glands↗