Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “somatic”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Inpatient treatment of persistent somatization.

Patients with disabling, persistent somatization pose significant challenges in clinical management. This study describes 92 patients treated on an inpatient psychosomatic medicine unit for persistent somatization. The most important factor in defining clinically significant subgroups of these patients was mood. Compared with depressed somatizing patients, nondepressed somatizing patients had chronic illnesses of early onset, had symptoms that were not correlated with current life stressors, and were generally unresponsive to treatment. There were few clinical predictors of treatment outcome apart from the duration of symptoms, the presence of mood disturbance, and a history of stable interpersonal relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Independency of alexithymia and somatization. A factor analytic study.

In discussions on the several methodological limitations in the assessment of alexithymia, uncertainty still remains about whether alexithymia and somatization are distinct constructs or whether they share overlapping symptomatology and constructs, as suggested by previous studies. In this study, 379 normal adults completed the newly developed 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and a screening list for DSM-III-R somatization disorder. Items from both the TAS-20 and the somatization checklist were subjected to factor analysis, resulting in separate factor loadings according to these two scales. These results were replicated and cross-validated in a sample of 125 psychosomatic inpatients, supporting the view of an independency between alexithymia and somatization.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health Attitude Survey. A scale for assessing somatizing patients.

The authors designed an instrument, the Health Attitude Survey, to assess somatization, and administered it to over 1,000 patients attending a general medicine clinic. Within this population, a series of somatizing patients and control patients were identified for purposes of developing and testing the instrument. The 27-item scale was rapidly administered and acceptable to the patients. Based on comparisons with other measures of somatization, the instrument appeared to be a valid measure of the attitudes and perceptions of somatizing patients, and it distinguished these patients from the control subjects. The measure showed acceptable predictive value and may prove useful in clinical settings, where rapid screening is desired.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypochondriasis, somatization, and perceived health and utilization of health care services.

The authors determined the different effects of hypochondriasis and somatization on health perceptions, health status, and service utilization in a primary care population. The subjects with hypochondriacal responses (HR) on the Illness Attitudes Scales or high somatic concern (HSC) on the Symptom Questionnaire had a worse perception of health and variably used more health services than the control subjects, even though the HR and HSC subjects had the same level of chronic medical disorders. Regression analyses determined that somatization contributed more to negative health perception and service utilization than did hypochondriasis, although an interaction between the two contributed to the use of psychiatric care. The authors discuss the boundary between hypochondriasis and somatization for its implications for research and clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypochondriasis and somatization related to personality and attitudes toward self.

Better definition of the boundary between hypochondriasis and somatization was determined by measuring attitudes to self and personality dimensions associated with these syndromes. In this study, the primary care patients with hypochondriacal responses (HR) on the Illness Attitudes Scales or high somatic concern (HSC) on the Symptom Questionnaire had more negative attitudes to self and more psychological distress than the matched group of primary care control subjects. The HR subjects were different from the non-HR subjects on two of five personality domains on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO)-Five-Factor Inventory, and the HSC subjects were different from the non-HSC subjects on four of five NEO domains. Analysis of variance demonstrated that somatization explained most of the variance in attitudes, personality, and psychological distress, but hypochondriasis uniquely contributed only to thanatophobia. The authors discuss the boundary between hypochondriasis and somatization and offer a descriptive model of this relationship.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Somatic style and symptom reporting in rheumatoid arthritis.

The authors studied the relative contributions of psychological characteristics and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) morbidity to RA symptoms and medication side effects. Thirty-one consecutive patients attending an RA clinic completed self-report questionnaires and diaries assessing RA symptoms and somatic style, a constellation of beliefs, attitudes, and concerns about disease and health. After 3 months, the patients were assessed for RA symptoms and self-reported medication side effects. At inception, RA symptoms were associated with several components of somatic style. At 3-month follow-up, changes in RA symptoms and the incidence of medication side effects were predicted by somatic style variables measured at inception. The symptoms of RA and the side effects of RA pharmacotherapy are prospectively predicted by somatic style as well as by the severity and extent of RA.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Normal telomere lengths of spermatozoa in somatic cell-cloned bulls.

Interesting questions have been raised regarding cloned animals, including whether cloning restores cellular senescence undergone by donor cells, and how long cloned animals will be able to live. In this study, focusing our attention on the fact that telomere lengths of spermatozoa are longer than those of any somatic cells and that telomere length is maintained throughout aging in humans, we compared the telomere lengths of spermatozoa in normal and two somatic cell-cloned cattle. The telomere lengths of the spermatozoa in the normal cattle (22.42+/-0.32 kb) were maintained throughout aging as in humans. In the cloned cattle, telomere lengths of the spermatozoa (25.8 and 20.9 kb) were the same as or longer than those found in normal cattle. Considering that telomere lengths of the donor cells, which had been derived from the muscle tissue of an old bull, were reported to be 20.1 kb, the results suggested that the telomere lengths of the germ cell line had extended from nucleus transfer to spermatogenesis. Moreover, we produced offspring (nine calves) from a somatic cell-cloned bull and measured the telomere lengths of their leukocytes. In all of the offspring, the telomere lengths of leukocytes were normal, too. These results indicate the possibility that somatic cloned bulls could be used as breeding sires.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Somatic awareness and coronary artery disease in women with chest pain.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there was a relationship between level of somatic awareness and coronary artery disease (CAD) in women with chest pain. DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational study. SETTING: Urban, university-affiliated, tertiary care hospital. SAMPLE: Fifty-five women without a previous history of heart disease admitted to the hospital for evaluation of chest pain. MEASURES: Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ); Patterson and Horowitz clinical criteria for classification of chest pain; Supplemented Rose Questionnaire for angina; age; and CAD risk factors. RESULTS: A small but significant inverse correlation was found between level of somatic awareness as measured by MSPQ scores and degree of CAD (r = 0.2932, p < 0.05). MSPQ scores significantly differed between women with CAD (lower scores) and women without CAD (higher scores) (p < 0.05). MSPQ score was the most important factor in a logistic regression model that modestly but significantly predicted presence or absence of CAD. CONCLUSIONS: Somatic awareness may be an important factor to consider in evaluating the awareness and response of women to symptoms of myocardial ischemia and to chest pain of both cardiac and noncardiac etiologies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abnormal illness behavior of patients with functional somatic symptoms: relation to psychiatric disorders.

Functional somatic symptoms are highly associated with hypochondriasis, anxiety, and depressive disorders. Despite the absence of an organic disorder, underlying psychological distress of patients with functional somatic symptoms may result in abnormal illness behavior such as inadequate treatment seeking or overuse of medical services. Using the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), we examined the illness behavior of Japanese patients visiting a general medicine clinic whose physical symptoms were considered functional. We used the General Health Questionnaire-30 to classify patients with functional somatic symptoms as those with and without psychological distress. Patients with distress (n=35) reported more physical complaints and higher IBQ scores than did patients without distress (n=22). The IBQ profile of patients with psychological distress was identical to that of patients diagnosed with either hypochondriasis or major depression. The illness behavior of patients without psychological distress was indistinguishable from that of patients whose physical symptoms were attributed to organic disease. These results further support the hypothesis that functional somatic symptoms may be associated with hypochondriasis and major depression, the pathology of which may contribute to the development of abnormal illness behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment of depression in symptomatic HIV infection and AIDS. Improvements in affective and somatic symptoms.

Somatic symptoms often complicate the diagnosis and psychopharmacological treatment of depression in HIV illness. We treated 33 depressed HIV-positive men and women with medically symptomatic HIV or AIDS (CDC stages 2B, 2C, 3B, or 3C) in a 6 week open-label trial with sertraline, paroxetine, or fluoxetine, to assess their effectiveness and tolerability. We further assessed whether treatment of depression resulted in a reduction in both affective and somatic symptoms in this medically ill population. Twenty-four subjects (73%) completed the trial (7 on sertraline, 7 on paroxetine, 10 on fluoxetine), 20 (83%) of whom were clinical responders. Nine dropped out within 1-3 weeks of treatment because of adverse effects, mostly agitation, anxiety, and insomnia. Subjects who completed 6 weeks of SSRI treatment experienced significant reductions in both affective and somatic symptoms, many of the latter having been attributed to HIV rather than depression. These results suggest that, even in later stages of HIV illness, the contribution of depression to perceived somatic symptoms may be significant, and that these symptoms may improve with antidepressant treatment.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed2003

Somatic panic-attack equivalents in a community sample of Rwandan widows who survived the 1994 genocide.

The present study is the first to attempt to determine rates of panic attacks, especially 'somatically focused' panic attacks, panic disorder, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression levels in a population of Rwandans traumatized by the 1994 genocide. The following measures were utilized: the Rwandan Panic-Disorder Survey (RPDS); the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ); and the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Forty of 100 Rwandan widows suffered somatically focused panic attacks during the previous 4 weeks. Thirty-five (87%) of those having panic attacks suffered panic disorder, making the rate of panic disorder for the entire sample 35%. Rwandan widows with panic attacks had greater psychopathology on all measures. Somatically focused panic-attack subtypes seem to constitute a key response to trauma in the Rwandan population. Future studies of traumatized non-Western populations should carefully assess not only somatoform disorder but also somatically focused panic attacks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Somatic alterations of the androgen receptor CAG repeat in human colon cancer delineate a novel mutation pathway independent of microsatellite instability.

The human androgen receptor gene contains a polymorphic CAG repeat region ranging from 8 to about 35 repeats in the normal human population. The repeat length is inversely related to the transactivation potential of the receptor. We have analyzed the repeat length in 50 sporadic colon cancer samples in comparison to surrounding healthy mucosa and have found somatic reductions of up to 10 repeats in 5 cases (10%), 3 of which were complex, probably involving both alleles. Alterations occurred in tumors with and without microsatellite instability indicating that they follow an independent mutation pathway. The similar repeat of the huntingtin gene did not show any somatic alterations in the same cases. No correlation to sex, tumor stage, location, or histology was evident. In the tumors that showed somatic reductions, the reduced allele was present in at least half of the cells and thus in most, if not all, of the tumor component of the sample. Somatic reductions of the androgen receptor CAG repeat thus occur frequently, through a pathway distinct from microsatellite instability and early during colon carcinogenesis. The receptor is expressed in most normal and neoplastic tissue samples analyzed. Apparent growth selection of cells bearing shortened AR alleles suggests that androgens contribute to colon carcinogenesis in a yet unknown way.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Kinetic evaluation of beta-neoendorphin hydrolysis by the somatic and testicular isozymes of human angiotensin-converting enzyme.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has both somatic and testicular isozymes, the former possessing two catalytically active domains, amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal, while the latter has only the carboxyl-terminal one. We compared hydrolysis processes of the nonapeptide beta-neoendorphin by the two isozymes of human ACE. Both isozymes hydrolyzed the peptide to Tyr1-Gly2-Gly3 by the sequential removal of carboxyl-terminal dipeptides in three consecutive steps. The rate constant values for the second step, conversion of beta-neoendorphin1-7 to Leu-enkephalin, by the somatic isozyme in the presence of 10 or 200 mM NaCl were 4-fold higher than those for the first step, conversion of beta-neoendorphin1-9 to beta-neoendorphin1-7. The k(cat) values of the somatic isozyme for beta-neoendorphin1-7 were 2-fold higher than those for beta-neoendorphin1-9, indicating that beta-neoendorphin1-7 is more rapidly hydrolyzed than beta-neoendorphin1-9. The rate constant value for the second step at 10 mM NaCl was 5-fold higher than that for the testicular isozyme. Similar extent of difference was also observed in k(cat) values for beta-neoendorphin1-7 between the two isozymes. These results suggest that the amino-terminal domain of the somatic isozyme mainly contributes to the conversion of beta-neoendorphin1-7 to Leu-enkephalin at a low NaCl concentration. Optimal chloride concentrations for the individual steps of beta-neoendorphin1-9 hydrolysis differed between the two isozymes.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Potential for broad applications of flow cytometry and fluorescence techniques in microbiological and somatic cell analyses of milk.

Monitoring the quality and safety of milk requires careful analysis of microbial and somatic cell loading. Our aim was to demonstrate proof of the principle that flow cytometry (FCM), coupled with fluorescence techniques for distinguishing between cell types, could potentially be employed in a wide variety of biological assays relevant to the dairy industry. To this end, we studied raw milk samples and ultraheat-treated milk, into which known numbers of bacteria or mouse cells were inoculated. For bacterial analyses, protein and lipids were removed, whereas only centrifugal lipid clearing was needed for somatic cell analyses. Cleared samples were stained with fluorescent dyes or with bacterial-specific fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotides and analyzed by FCM. A fluoresceinated peptide nucleic acid probe enabled efficient enumeration of bacteria in milk. Dual staining of samples with fluorescent dyes that indicate live (5-cyanol-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride, CTC or SYTO 9) or damaged cells (oxonol or propidium iodide, PI) enabled determination of viable bacteria in milk. Gram-positive and -negative bacteria were distinguished using hexidium iodide and SYTO 13 in dual staining of cleared milk samples. An FCM-based method gave a good correlation (r=0.88) with total microscopic counts of somatic cells in raw milk. The FCM method also correlated strongly (r=0.98) with the standard Fossomatic method for somatic cell detection. We conclude that FCM, coupled with fluorescence staining techniques, offers potentially diverse and rapid approaches to biological safety and quality testing in the dairy industry. Potential application of flow cytometers to a broad range of assays for milk biological quality should make this instrumentation more attractive and cost effective to the dairy industry and indeed the broader food industry.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Efficient plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from callus cultures of Oncidium (Orchidaceae).

An efficient method was established for high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from callus cultures of a hybrid of sympodial orchid (Oncidium 'Gower Ramsey'). Compact and yellow-white embryogenic calli formed from root tips and cut ends of stem and leaf segments on 1/2 MS [11] basal medium supplemented with 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-urea (TDZ, 0.1-3 mg/l), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 3-10 mg/l) and peptone (1 g/l) for 4-7 weeks. Embryogenic callus was maintained by subculture on the same medium for callus induction and proliferated 2-4 times (fresh weight) in 1 month. Initiation of somatic embryogenesis and development up to the protocorm-like-bodies (PLBs) from callus cultures was achieved on hormone-free basal medium. Regenerants were recovered from somatic embryos (SEs) after transfer to the same medium and showed normal development. The optimized protocol required about 12-14 weeks from the initiation of callus to the plantlet formation. Generally, the frequency of embryo formation of root-derived callus was higher than stem- and leaf-derived calli. Combinations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and TDZ significantly promoted embryo formation from callus cultures. The high-frequency (93.8%) somatic embryogenesis and an average of 29.1 SEs per callus (3x3 mm(2)) was found in root-derived callus on a basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA and 3 mg/l TDZ. Almost all the SEs converted and the plantlets grew well with an almost 100% survival rate when potted in sphagnum moss and acclimatized in the greenhouse.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Plant regeneration from callus and suspension cultures of Valeriana edulis ssp. procera via simultaneous organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.

Plants of the genus Valeriana produce irioid esters of biotechnological interest, known as valepotriates. The regeneration of Valeriana edulis ssp. procera via indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from leaf-derived callus and suspension cultures, is presented. For induction of callus, leaves were cultured on semisolid MS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin. Embryogenic and organogenic callus development was observed after 16 weeks. Calli were transferred to semisolid and liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with kinetin and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Appearance of shoot and somatic embryo occurred 4 weeks later. Shoots were rooted and somatic embryos were germinated and were transferred to the greenhouse. A better organogenic and embryogenic response was observed from suspension cultures. Histological observations of morphogenic callus revealed that both somatic embryos and shoots arose from the same type of callus.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Nonspecific somatic symptoms in early adolescent girls.

Nonspecific somatic symptoms such as headaches, stomachache, and tiredness are common among adolescent females. The epidemiology of such symptoms is poorly defined. As part of a study on the age of onset of puberty, 239 Jewish schoolgirls living in Jerusalem, Israel, grades 4-8, were asked to rate their usual state of health. Thirteen girls (5.5%) reported poor health and cited nonspecific somatic symptoms as the reason. Nonspecific somatic symptoms were most prevalent (13.8%) among girls in early puberty (Tanner stage B2). Low maternal educational level and large family size were significantly associated with such symptoms. In a comparison with a matched control group, the girls with nonspecific somatic symptoms were significantly more likely to have mothers with a chronic illness. The potential implications of our findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A case of delusional disorder, somatic type with remarkable improvement of clinical symptoms and single photon emission computed tomograpy findings following modified electroconvulsive therapy.

A 72-year-old male with delusional disorder, somatic type (DDST), was treated by modified electroconvulsive therapy (mECT). His somatic delusions were completely resolved by mECT. In parallel with the improvement of his clinical symptoms, we observed an improvement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the left temporal and parietal lobes shown by the single photon emission computed tomograpy (SPECT). This study appears to support the utility of mECT for somatic delusions in elderly patients and suggests possible association of the dysfunction in the left temporal and parietal lobes with manifestation of the somatic delusion of the patient.

Aged↗