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PubMed1994

[An epidemiological study of group A, B, C, and G hemolytic streptococci isolated from elementary school children in the recent 12 years. Part I. Isolation trends. Streptococcal Diseases Study Group].

During a 12-years period between September, 1980 and November, 1992, hemolytic streptococci (group A, B, C, & G) in throats of healthy school children in Osaka were examined every other month. The results were summarized as follows. 1. 5,023 strains of hemolytic streptococci were detected from 11,647 specimens, 43.1%. Among them, 2,395 strains (20.6%) belonged to group A, 1,647 (14.4%) to group B, 767 (6.6%) to group G and 187 (1.6%) to group C. 2. In the first half of the research, group A streptococci were detected predominantly and the last half, group B generally. Both this lower rate of group A to the total strains (47.7%) and this higher rate of group B (33.3%) were due to the small number of lower school grade children from whom group A streptococci are often detected and also due to application of the selective enrichment medium. 3. Group A streptococci were classified T-type. The most common serotype was T-1, and 638 strains (26.6%) were detected, followed by T-12, 377 (15.7%), T-6, 210 (8.8%) and T-13, 203 (8.5%). The dominant serotype was exchanged annually, but only T-1 was the most common serotype for 4 years (1983-1986). 4. In group B, the most common serotype was Ia, and 524 strains (31.3%) were detected, followed by III, 417 (24.9%), Ib, 164 (9.8%), III/R, 130 (7.8%) and Ia/c 122 (7.3%). Annual changes of serotype were as follows; Ia was dominant from 1980 to 1988, III from 1989 to 1990 and NT6 in 1991-1992 generally.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Isolation Method for Bacterial Isolates Capable of Growth on p-Chlorobiphenyl.

A method is reported for screening for p-chlorobiphenyl (pCB)-degrading bacteria from various environments. A solid medium was inoculated with the sample to be analyzed, colonies were allowed to develop, and the plates were then sprayed with a pCB solution in ether. The positive colonies were recorded as those surrounded with a clear zone in the film of pCB. That these colonies were able to degrade pCB was shown by their ability to grow on pCB in liquid medium with concomitant disappearance of the substrate and by the appearance of colored compounds in cultures grown on pCB.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1964

ISOLATION OF SALMONELLAE FROM FOOD SAMPLES. VI. COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM EGG PRODUCTS.

THE RECOVERY OF SALMONELLAE FROM EGG PRODUCTS WAS STUDIED, BY USE OF THREE DIFFERENT ENRICHMENT PROCEDURES: (i) selenite broth, (ii) selenite broth containing 10% sterile feces, and (iii) the lactose pre-enrichment procedure. Brilliant Green Agar was used throughout as the recovery medium. Although the lactose pre-enrichment methodology promoted Salmonella recovery from samples containing small numbers of dormant organisms, the efficiency of this enrichment method is adversely affected by unfavorable coliform-Salmonella ratios. Under such conditions, early subculture of lactose broth into selenite broth is indicated. Selenite broth containing 10% sterile feces was more efficient than the lactose pre-enrichment methodology in promoting the growth of "dormant" salmonellae. Albumen adversely affected recovery of salmonellae from selenite broth, whereas whole egg and egg yolk enhanced Salmonella recovery from this medium. The selenite-feces medium presents a solution to the major problems encountered in the detection of salmonellae in egg products and offers an approach to a single medium in which food-borne salmonellae will manifest themselves with a minimum of laboratory manipulation.

Agar↗
PubMed2006

Quantitative analysis of tpr gene expression in Treponema pallidum isolates: Differences among isolates and correlation with T-cell responsiveness in experimental syphilis.

Transcriptional analysis of the tpr genes in Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (referred to here as simply T. pallidum) has been limited to date, and yet the expression of members of this gene family is likely relevant to the pathogenesis of syphilis. Recently, immunological studies and semiquantitative mRNA analysis led to the hypothesis of the modulation of tpr gene transcription during infection and suggested that various strains of T. pallidum might differentially express these genes. In this study we developed a real-time amplification assay to quantify the tpr mRNAs with respect to the 47-kDa lipoprotein message and to compare transcript levels among four different strains of T. pallidum. In addition, we analyzed the lymphocyte responsiveness pattern toward the Tpr antigens in late experimental syphilis to identify tpr genes that had been expressed during the course of infection. The T-cell response has been implicated in clearance of treponemes from early lesions, and some of the Tprs were identified as strong targets of the cellular immune response. We show that message for many of the tpr genes can be detected in treponemes harvested at the peak of early infection. Interestingly, tprK seems to be preferentially expressed in almost every strain, and it is uniformly the target of the strongest cellular immune response. These studies demonstrate the differential expression of certain tpr genes among strains of T. pallidum, and further studies are needed to explore the relationship between tpr gene expression and the clinical course of syphilis in infected individuals.

Animals↗