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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Immunogenetical aspects of multiple sclerosis with special regard to the HLA-histocompatibility system.

In the HLA complex it is evident that some antigens occur rather frequently, while others are rare. A statistically significant increase or decrease of any of these antigens in a given number of patients suffering from the same disease therefore suggests an association between such a disease and the HLA-system. In this study the Author compared the HLA antigen frequencies of 1.000 M.S. patients and 1.000 healthy controls, tissue typed during the same time period by the identical antiserum-set.

HLA Antigens↗
PubMed1992

The immunogenetics of Sjögren's syndrome.

The fact that patients with SS, either primary or associated with another connective tissue disease, show a striking tendency toward familial aggregation of SS, other autoimmune disease and autoantibodies suggest a role for genetic factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. What these factors are is as yet not known; however, it is clear that autoantibodies found in high frequency in SS, specifically anti-Ro and anti-La, are associated with HLA class II alleles, found at the HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 loci, which have in common the presence of specific amino acid residues that are found in the second hypervariable region of the first (outermost) domain. Additional roles for T-lymphocyte receptor and immunoglobulin genes are also suggested. Family studies, however, indicate the presence of an additional autosomal dominant gene(s), not linked to HLA or immunoglobulin heavy or light chain genes, in predisposition to SS. Identification of this additional genetic factor(s) should provide important clues in the pathogenesis of SS.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Immunogenetic basis of the seronegative spondyloarthropathies.

This review discusses recent data relevant to better understanding the HLA-B27 association with seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Although much is known about the B27 molecule, its contribution to the pathogenesis of disease is unclear. It is still unknown whether the B27 molecule is involved directly, and whether this is due to the basic function of the molecule, ie, presentation of allele-specific antigenic peptides to the T-cell receptor. Experiments performed with B27 transgenic mice and rats strongly support the view that some unique or special property of the B27 molecule is involved in pathogenesis. However, the data are of a preliminary nature.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Immunogenetic study in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

Results of assessment of HLA antigens in hypertrophic cardiomyopathies in the world literature are very controversial. Work dealing with this problem in sufficiently large groups of patients is lacking, i.e. work which takes into account different functional and morphological forms of the disease. The authors made therefore a detailed investigation of 60 class 1 and 2 antigens in 117 patients with this disease. Values of the relative risk and chi 2 test revealed a number of possible associations. After correction for the number of examined antigens a significantly higher prevalence was proved only in HLA-B21 in patients with the obstructive form and in patients with advanced myocardial hypertrophy (thickness of more than 30 mm). Examination of HLA antigens can have in the mentioned cases a certain importance during comprehensive examinations of not quite typical forms of the disease. Carriership of antigen B21 is associated with an increased risk of serious cardiological disease, manifested already in young age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Immunogenetic features in 120 Japanese patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of HLA-DRB1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promoter genotypes in the development and the autoantibody profiles of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) in Japanese patients. METHODS: HLA-DRB1 and TNF promoter genotypes were determined, and serum antinuclear autoantibodies were identified in 120 adult Japanese patients with IIM [72 with dermatomyositis (DM), 30 with polymyositis (PM), 18 with myositis overlapping with other collagen vascular diseases], as well as in 265 controls. RESULTS: Forty-two patients (35%) were positive for myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSA), including 37 (31%) for anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) autoantibodies. Allele carrier frequency of HLA-DRB1*0803 was increased in the patients with IIM [p = 0.02, corrected p (pc) NS, 23% vs 14%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.9 (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.1-3.2)], with PM [p = 0.006, pc NS, 33%, OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.3-7.1)], and with anti-ARS autoantibodies [27%, p = 0.04, OR 2.3 (95% CI 1.0-5.1)] compared with controls. DRB1*0405 was increased in patients with anti-ARS autoantibodies compared with controls [41% vs 25%, p = 0.04, pc NS, OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.0-4.3)]. TNF promoter genotype was associated with the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD). The carriage of a TNF-a haplotype formed by -1031C, -863A, and -857C was increased in the patients with ILD versus those without ILD [33% vs 18%, p = 0.05, pc NS, OR 2.3 (95% CI 0.94-5.5)]. CONCLUSION: HLA-DRB1 alleles were associated with development of IIM and MSA in a Japanese population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Immunogenetic basis of tissue and organ transplantation and rejection.

This article has discussed major concepts essential to an understanding of tissue and organ transplantation, rejection, and immune modulation. The reader is encouraged to review and understand these basic concepts to understand and appreciate the complexities of specific tissue and organ transplants described in this issue.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed2005

[Glial tumors of the brain: classification, present-day aspects of immunopathogenesis and immunogenetic diagnostics].

Glial tumors of the brain present a complicated problem in neurosurgery due to the peculiarities of their growth biology, their prevalence, infiltrative growth and diagnostic difficulties. The complexity of treatment, which includes surgical removal of a tumor, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immune correction, makes the problem even more topical. Modem classification of glial neoplasms is of no less importance, because treatment depends on the histologic structure of a tumor. Thereupon, the authors of the article pay special attention to the modem WHO classification of gliomas. As immune diagnostics and treatment are indispensable in modern neurooncology, application of neurospecific oncologic markers is being widely introduced into clinical and scientific practice in many scientific centers. However, there are no objective tests to verify the diagnosis of astrocytic glioma with reliable accuracy. Hereditary syndromes associated with glial tumors have been distinguished and are being studied. The most interesting and promising direction is research into genetic anomalies in patients with glial processes.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

The maternal-fetal relationship in human pregnancy: an immunogenetic perspective.

Although the mechanisms by which the fetal allograft escapes rejection are still poorly understood, abundant evidence has accumulated suggesting multiple roles for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in pregnancy. Specific maternal MHC genotypes and maternal-fetal histocompatibility have been associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion, decreased fecundity, segregation distortions, altered sex ratios, fetal growth rates, and maternal autoimmune disease progression. In this review, the evidence for a variety of MHC gene effects in human pregnancy is considered.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1991

[HLA immunogenetic markers in predicting therapeutic resistance in paranoid schizophrenia].

A study was made of the incidence of HLA histocompatibility antigens of A, B and C loci in 100 male patients suffering from paranoid continuous schizophrenia associated with hallucinatory paranoid symptomatology during the formation in them of therapeutic resistance. In accordance with the clinico-pathogenetic philosophy, 2 groups of resistant patients were formed: an "endogenous" one (because of rapid progression) and a "pharmacogenous" one (secondary, formed by the mechanisms of "adaptation" to neuroleptics). In addition, a group of "nonresistant" patients (a reference one) was also distinguished. The data were compared to those obtained in normal subjects (50 men) and to those derived within the distinguished groups, employing mathematic computation of the risk coefficient. It has been shown that in contrast to the group of normal subjects, the general group of patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia manifested the accumulation of the HLA antigens A2, A9, W7 and B15. The accumulation of the HLA antigens A2 and A11 was characteristic of the patients suffering from "endogenous" resistance, which distinguished those patients from normal subjects, from "nonresistant" patients and those with "pharmacogenous" resistance. The HLA phenotype A2,11 can be regarded as a potential marker of progression (risk grades 9.8). Besides, it has been demonstrated that the HLA antigens B7 may attest to risk of tolerance to psychopharmacotherapy and formation of "pharmacogenous" resistance (risk grades 4.3).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic studies in patients with dermatomyositis.

Dermatomyositis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by progressive, symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness with accompanying compatible cutaneous findings. Thirty-nine patients with dermatomyositis from the Louisville, Kentucky area were enrolled in this study. Patients were grouped into those with or without a malignancy. Ten patients (26%) either had or have had a malignancy. Twenty-five Caucasian patients were HLA typed for the A, B, DR and DQ locus antigens, of whom 5 had an associated malignancy and 20 did not have a malignancy. We found that no single antigen had a significantly increased or decreased frequency as compared with our control population for the entire group, or for any clinical subset we examined. Serologic testing revealed 4 patients with anti-Mi-2 antibodies and 1 patient with anti-PM-SCL antibodies. No patient had a positive anti-Jo-1 antibody in this group. The results of serologic tests in this group did not correlate with any clinical subset or HLA antigen. Our findings were in agreement with the previous reports in which approximately 25% of patients with DM have an associated malignancy. Our findings also support the notion that untargeted malignancy searches are not warranted. Contrary to previous reports we did not observe an inverse relationship between cancer and pulmonary disease in the dermatomyositis patient. This study does not indicate that there are any HLA associations or clinical associations, other than age, that distinguish patients with dermatomyositis as running a greater risk of developing malignancy.

Dermatomyositis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunogenetics of rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome: DNA polymorphism of HLA class II genes.

We investigated the DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) class II genes: HLA-DRB, -DQA, -DQB, DPA, and -DFB in 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in 19 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (primary SS), and healthy Danes. The frequencies of DNA fragments associated with the following HLA class II genes were increased in RA when compared to normal controls: DRB1*04 (DR4) (relative risk, RR = 7.4, P less than 10(-3), DRB4*0101 (DRw53) (RR = 9.6, P less than 10(-3), DQA1*0301 (RR = 9.6, P less than 10(-3), DQB1*0301 (DQw7) (RR = 2.8, P less than 0.05, 'corrected' P greater than 0.05), and DQB1*0302 (DQw8) (RR = 4.5, P less than 10(-2). Negative associations were found between RA and DRB1*1501 (DR2/DRw15) (RR = 0.2, P less than 10(-2) and DQB1*0602 (DQw6) (RR = 0.2, P less than 10(-2), 'corrected' P greater than 0.05). The frequencies in RA of other HLA class II associated DNA fragments including DPA and DPB and the antigens DPw1-w6 defined by primed lymphocyte stimulation, did not differ significantly from those in controls. In primary SS, the frequency of HLA-B8 was significantly increased (RR = 9.0, P less than 10(-3). Positive associations were found between primary SS and DNA fragments associated with DRB1*03/13 (RR = 6.8, P less than 10(-3), DRB3*0101 (DRw52) (RR = 5.7, P less than 10(-2), DQA1*0501 (RR = 6.8, P less than 10(-3), DQB1*0201 (DQw2) (RR = 11.6, P less than 10(-5), and DQB1*0602 (DQw6) (RR = 2.7, P less than 0.05, 'corrected' P greater than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2005

[Immunogenetic prognosis and long-term results of surgery for gastric cancer].

A link between HLA allelic variants and long-term results of surgery for gastric tumors was established on the basis of a 10-years follow-up of 112 cancer patients (stage I-II--37.9, III-IV--62.1%; radical surgery--44.6%). HLA class I was studied in a lymphocytotoxic test; HLA class II--gene DRBI specificity using polymerase chain reaction of peripheral blood cell DNA. The control group included healthy subjects living in the city of Novosibirsk (n = 341). High frequency of antigens HLA-B41, -DR1, -DR7 (p < 0.01) co-occurred with HLA-A2, -B12, -B13 and -B18 presence (p < 0.05) in breast cancer patients. Clinical manifestations of cancer were shown to develop in HLA-A1, -B8, -B15, -DR3 and -DR5 carriers at early stages. Tumor development at later stages (III-IV) was associated with HLA-A2, -B12, -B17, -B35, -B41 and -DR7. A link was registered between lethality rate, on the one hand, and HLA-A3, -B22, and, in particular, DR4, on the other, while remission of more than 7-years--with HLA-A11, -B13, -B21 and -DR5. HLA-B22/DR3 phenotype involved worse prognosis in radically-treated patients whereas that of HLA-B8/DR3--a better one.

Aged↗