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Results for “Vision Tests”

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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Functional asymmetries of the human visual system as revealed by binocular rivalry and binocular brightness matching.

Two techniques, a binocular rivalry task and a binocular brightness matching task, were designed to yield indices of asymmetry (relative dominance weights) for the two eyes, the crossed and uncrossed visual pathways, and the two cerebral hemispheres. Twenty subjects with normal vision were run on all conditions. Intercorrelations of the dominance weights obtained by the two methods showed no relationship between the two methods, but produced three hypotheses about visual functioning: (1) the left hemisphere appears more dominant for rivalry; (2) the right hemisphere appears more dominant for brightness matching; (3) the uncrossed visual pathways are dominant over the crossed pathways in the binocular rivalry task.

Dominance, Cerebral↗
PubMed1975

The design and prescription of multifocal lenses for civil pilots.

The aging (presbyopic) pilot has difficulty with near vision which can be a serious problem in the cockpit because of the complexity and uniqueness of his visual tasks. Numerous individual studies have been reported, but the aviation industry and vision care professionals do not have available to them a set of guidelines to permit the optimum fitting of spectacles for civil aviation pilots. In this study the cockpit vision environment was studied in ten contemporary aircraft. Twenty-five pilots of seven of these aircraft types participated in a spectacle design study. Experimental spectacles were designed for each pilot and evaluated for performance. Problems of pilot acceptance of reading aids, custom designing to the geometry of a given aircraft, balancing of the visual gains from complex designs versus difficulties in use and manufacture have been analyzed. Results of this study should be of value for human factors engineering, vision testing and accurate prescription for the presbyopic pilot.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Rapid measurement of contrast-sensitivity functions.

We have developed a reliable and valid procedure for determining a person's contrast sensitivity function in approximately 6 min. This rapid procedure, which resembles that used in the Bekesy sweep-frequency audiometer, has potential as a clinical tool for diagnostic assessment.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Population study of fixation disparity, heterophoria, and vergence.

Data on phorias, vergences, and fixation disparities were gathered for distant and near viewing conditions from a nonclinical, young adult population. Normative values were computed from the data for analysis and comparison. Our study revealed slightly less exophoria at far and near than Morgan's study, together with large base-out vergence readings. We found proportionately more esophores with exo fixation disparity who require base-in prism to neutralize the fixation disparity than Ogle's studies found.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effects of astigmatism on sensitivity to sinusoidal and square wave gratings.

Contrast thresholds for different spatial frequencies were measured for four individuals with optimum optical correction and with 2 D of astigmatism induced at various meridians. Sensitivity for sine waves of low spatial frequencies was unaffected by the astigmatism; however, gross changes were found at high spatial frequencies when the astigmatism was induced with the power meridian perpendicular to the orientation of the stripes. For square waves, the results were comparable at high spatial frequencies, but astigmatism also produced a decrement at 0.2 cycles/degree. This latter effect can be predicted by assuming that astigmatism results in a loss of higher order harmonics in the response to square waves.

Astigmatism↗