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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The Wilfred Fish memorial lecture. The Hunterian tradition in dentistry.

The influence of William and John Hunter upon the development of Medicine and Dentistry in Britain has endured for more than two centuries. John Hunter's first book set out the morphological details of the teeth and their associated structures. From this basis he sought to attain an understanding of physiological and pathological processes by studies of the entire animal kingdom and by experimentation. His foundations of scientific dentistry were built upon by John Tomes and Wilfred Fish in subsequent centuries, both invoking the use of microscopy to enhance Hunter's naked eye descriptions and to interpret the results of experiments. Both, too, are inseparably linked with the history of the Royal College of Surgeons of England by the parts they played in establishing and preserving the place of their profession in that great repository of Hunter's teachings.

History of Dentistry↗
PubMed1991

Alveolar ridge resorption and mandibular atrophy. A review of the role of local and systemic factors.

Loss of alveolar bone from the edentulous jaws is a serious and common clinical problem, especially among the elderly. The retention and stability of dentures are reduced, but little is known about the pathogenesis of this bone loss. The existing data suggest that either local factors, for instance occlusal trauma, or systemic factors such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, contribute to edentulous alveolar bone resorption. This paper reviews the evidence for the aetiology of residual ridge resorption following tooth extraction.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1991

Traumatically intruded permanent incisors: a study of treatment and outcome.

Twenty-nine traumatically intruded permanent maxillary incisors from 20 patients were examined, treated and monitored for 2 years. There was a higher proportion of males than females. The teeth intruded furthest were more frequently extracted. Those which were surgically repositioned were more frequently retained and were associated with marginal bone loss significantly less frequently than those which were passively observed, while external root resorption occurred in similar proportions in both groups. A significantly higher proportion of those teeth that were delayed in presentation were subsequently extracted, and a similar trend was found for those with immature roots at the time of the initial examination.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1992

Diagnostic accuracy and observer performance in the diagnosis of abnormalities in the anterior maxilla: a comparison of panoramic with intraoral radiography.

An investigation was undertaken to assess the reliability of radiographic diagnosis of abnormalities of orthodontic significance in the anterior region of the maxilla from intraoral and dental panoramic tomograph (DPT) views. DPT films of 200 patients were scrutinised by two observers on two separate occasions, who also examined intraoral radiographs of the same patients. Sixty-three of these patients were selected because they had previously been diagnosed as presenting with a defined abnormality of orthodontic relevance, such as supernumerary teeth, absent incisors, etc. The remaining cases had been assessed as depicting normal radiographic appearances. Each radiograph was allocated a unique, randomly selected code number as the only means of identification. It was not possible for the observers to match the DPT to the corresponding intraoral films, and this information was only available to the principal investigator (JWF). Both observers were asked to record the presence or otherwise of any abnormalities at each observation of each radiograph, and to record their findings. The overall level of diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility was fairly high, and in general terms the DPT views were as reliable as the intraoral films with regard to the detection of abnormalities; however, there were significant differences between the observers. It was concluded that in many instances supplementary intraoral films would not contribute any additional information compared to the DPT and that selection criteria should be defined for the former.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1996

Combined orthodontic and restorative management of a case of bilateral ectopic canines and resorbed central incisors.

A case is reported in which two ectopic maxillary permanent canine teeth bypassed the lateral incisors and caused extensive resorption to both maxillary central incisor teeth. Management involved positioning the canine teeth into the central incisor region and placing porcelain veneers on these teeth. The orthodontic and restorative implications of the treatment are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Teamwork in orthodontics: limiting the risks of root resorption.

Orthodontic treatment is not without risk. The risks may be due to patient factors (which may not always be evident before treatment) or may come about because of the treatment itself. While the common types of risk are well documented, less information is available as to how some of the more unusual problems can best be managed when they arise; often the need for teamwork between the patient, orthodontist and general dental practitioner (GDP) are underestimated. This paper presents three patients in whom various root-related problems existed either before orthodontic treatment or which arose during orthodontic treatment; demonstrates how they were managed; and highlights the need for teamwork to ensure a 'least harmful' outcome. All patients were followed up for over a year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Orthodontic root resorption studied by electron microscopy.

The present study supports previous findings that root resorption takes place simultaneously with and after the elimination of hyalinized tissue. The cementoid layer and the more mature periodontal collagen fibers adjacent to cementum are possible barriers preventing root resorption. The microenvironment around hyalinized tissue is favorable for the introduction of hard-tissue resorbing cells. The findings show that the elimination of hyalinized tissue leads to the removal of the cementoid and the mature collagen thus leaving a raw cemental surface without a barrier. It is therefore hypothesized that such an area is readily attacked by odontoclasts. Once resorption lacunae are established, the cementum is resorbed from the rear as an undermining process. By continued orthodontic force application the resorption process will proceed even after all hyalinized tissue is eliminated. If the orthodontic force is discontinued or falls under a certain level, the resorption lacunae are repaired.

Animals↗