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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Accuracy of the endpoint assay for virus titration.

The statistics of estimators used with the endpoint assay for virus titration were investigated. For a standard assay with 10 wells/dilution, the graphical estimator traditionally used was found to produce estimates with significant positive bias and a relatively low accuracy. Furthermore, the graphical estimator was found to be inconsistent. A superior estimator based on the maximum likelihood principle was developed. The results are discussed in relation to the choice between the endpoint titration assay and the plaque assay, and an alternative two-stage assay is presented.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2005

[Metallurgical differentiation of cobalt-chromium alloys for implants].

BACKGROUND: Cobalt Chromium alloys are used in cemented total hip or knee arthroplasty as well as in metal-on-metal bearings in total hip arthroplasty. An increasing number of publications report about (allergic) reactions to wear particles of Cobalt Chromium alloys. Reactions to nickel are more frequent in comparison to Cobalt or Chromium particles. It is well known that different kinds of Cobalt Chromium alloys contain different amounts of alloying elements; nevertheless. The aim of the current work was to compare the different Cobalt Chromium alloys according to ASTM F or ISO standards in respect to the different alloying elements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Co28Cr6Mo casting alloys according to ASTM F 75 or ISO 5832-4 as well as forging alloy types according to ASTM F 799 and ISO 5832 such as Co20Cr15W10Ni, Co35Ni20Cr, Fe40Co20Cr10Ni, Co20Cr20Ni, and Co28Cr6Mo were analyzed in respect to their element content of Co, Cr, Ni, Mo, Fe, W, and Mn. RESULTS: In 1935 the Cobalt based alloy "Vitallium" Co30Cr5Mo basically used in the aircraft industry was introduced into medicine. The chemical composition of this alloy based on Cobalt showed 30 wt.% Chromium and 5 wt.% Molybdenum. The differentiation using alloy names showed no Nickel information in single alloy names. CONCLUSION: The information given about different alloys can lead to an unprecise evaluation of histopathological findings in respect to alloys or alloying constituents. Therefore, implant manufacturers should give the exact information about the alloys used and adhere to European law, Euronorm 93/42/EWG.

Chromium Alloys↗
PubMed2006

The ACCF/AHA scientific statement on syncope: a document in need of thoughtful revision.

The American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have recently published, in both the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC) and Circulation, a Scientific Statement on the Evaluation of Syncope ('Statement'). This Scientific Statement was commissioned to provide guidance for clinicians regarding the evaluation of patients who present with 'syncope'. The Statement was not intended to be a formal set of practice guidelines. However, in the absence of generally accepted practice guidelines in North America, the Statement's potential impact on clinical care may be more far-reaching than expected; it may erroneously be considered to be the authoritative 'de-facto' guideline document. This commentary, submitted by a multidisciplinary consortium of more than 60 physicians with expertise in the management of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC), points out that in many respects the ACCF/AHA Syncope Statement fails to address long-standing clinical errors associated with the evaluation of episodes of apparent TLOC, including syncope. If not appropriately revised, the current Statement may lead to both inadequate patient care as well as a potentially damaging legal environment for physicians undertaking evaluation of patients who present with transient loss of consciousness.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1985

The diagnosis of dementia and other "deficitary' psychopathological syndromes in old age: reflections and recommendations of a clinical psychiatrist.

Clinical evaluation and staging of dementia and related disorders has been approached in various ways. Performance of subjects featuring cognitive decline has been scored on established, often lengthy psychometric and neuropsychological tests, by means of behavioural rating, and by means of various combinations of simplified psychometric and behavioural evaluations. Although concerning the assessment of the clinical aspects of cognitive decline in the elderly, broad areas of agreement among experts exist, yet there is no clear consensus on a number of assessment issues. There are, for example, different views concerning the utility of particular assessment instruments. Also are there different perspectives from which the selection of psychological performance tests can be undertaken. This paper may contribute a mite in touching the existing literature on several sore points, by formulating some relevant methodological and semantic remarks that could well form a starting point for vigorous discussion.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

A statistician looks at met-analysis.

I begin by considering origins and meanings for the term met-analysis/meta-analysis. The underlying ideas have a long history, not only in medical but also in the agricultural and social sciences. Met-analysis is a form of critical review of research on a stated topic, distinctive for its emphasis on producing quantitative conclusions. It is not in itself a specific technique, but rather an approach to aggregating information with the aid of critical deployment of standard statistical techniques. I shall discuss types of data on which met-analysis may be practised. These may be published papers or reports on past research, or the complete data on which such publications were based, whether from well-designed experiments or from other sources, or even--least satisfactorily--from spontaneously submitted information. Particular dangers are bias arising from the manner in which component studies are chosen, possibly affected by publication bias, and the pernicious influence of the modern tendency to deify the statistical significance test. A further important issue is that of the scale to be used as a measure of the effect of the treatment (or treatments) under study. I end with general comments on the conduct of met-analyses.

Bias↗
PubMed2005

[Evidence based surgery has some limitations].

Evidence based medicine can be defined as the application of the best evidence in the care of a given patient. When applied to surgical practice, it appears that this concept has some limitations. To discuss these limitations, the authors made the choice to discuss the terms the original definition. Some factors are related to the paucity and the poor quality of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses in surgery, to the difficulties to appraise the surgical publications and apply the results of randomized trials to a given patient, and to bring the surgeons more willing to endorse the principles of evidence-based medicine. But all these limitations could be overcome making evidence-based surgery not to be a simple passing fad but a formal paradigm.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed2006

[Abecedary of the "annales". Part 11].

The terms included and detailed in the present part are: confounding factor, false negative, false positive, reliability, forest plot, funnel plot.

Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic↗
PubMed2006

Rational and efficient geometric definition of pharmacophores is essential for the patent process.

The geometric description of pharmacophores suffers from approximations. No consensus has been clearly established, despite the increasing interest in using pharmacophores in drug design and in patent applications. We therefore propose an original definition of a pharmacophore using spherical coordinates. These coordinates give a precise description of each point using three parameters: distance to a geometric origin and two angles. If necessary, these parameters can be easily and rapidly converted to cartesian coordinates. Our method can guarantee, to the patent applicant, the safe protection of his intellectual property by both improving markedly the readability of a pharmacophore definition and bringing, to the person who is skilled in the art, enough information to understand easily the essence of the invention.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of two dependency parsers on biomedical corpus targeted at protein-protein interactions.

We present an evaluation of Link Grammar and Connexor Machinese Syntax, two major broad-coverage dependency parsers, on a custom hand-annotated corpus consisting of sentences regarding protein-protein interactions. In the evaluation, we apply the notion of an interaction subgraph, which is the subgraph of a dependency graph expressing a protein-protein interaction. We measure the performance of the parsers for recovery of individual dependencies, fully correct parses, and interaction subgraphs. For Link Grammar, an open system that can be inspected in detail, we further perform a comprehensive failure analysis, report specific causes of error, and suggest potential modifications to the grammar. We find that both parsers perform worse on biomedical English than previously reported on general English. While Connexor Machinese Syntax significantly outperforms Link Grammar, the failure analysis suggests specific ways in which the latter could be modified for better performance in the domain.

Abstracting and Indexing↗