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PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of effects of application of a citroxain-containing dentifrice.

The benefits to the patient of the removal of tooth deposits is well documented. Should such removal provide the additional effect of "whitening" the tooth surface, an additional cosmetic benefit would be provided. This study documents that a Citroxain-containing dentifrice provides all of these benefits.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Overview and status of mouthguard bleaching.

Since the bleaching of vital teeth using a tray delivery system with a 10 percent carbamide peroxide first became common knowledge in March, 1989, there has been much discussion, improvement, and questions concerning the process and the various products available. This article presents an overview of its history, the variations in techniques, and questions concerning safety, including the impact on tooth structure, the pulp, soft tissue of the mouth, and systemic ingestion. It divides currently available products according to their composition, into either a carbamide peroxide with and without carbopol, a hydrogen peroxide of varying concentrations, a hydrochloric acid, or other categories. It discusses the various delivery mechanisms and comments on their apparent effectiveness, as well as reflecting the current knowledge base of the profession.

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of enamel microabrasion techniques: Prema Compound versus a 12-fluted finishing bur.

This clinical study was done to compare the effectiveness of microabrasion with Prema Compound versus a high speed 12-fluted bur with water spray in removing incisor hypomineralized defects. Twenty-one patients had two incisors with enamel surface defects. It was randomly decided to use Prema Compound on one of the incisors and a 12-fluted bur on the contralateral incisor. One operator did all the procedures, but the tooth's color changes were rated by three observers who rated color photographs pre- and postoperatively, and one of the three rated each patient's teeth in person. The data revealed that there was no significant difference between Prema Compound and the 12-fluted bur in removing incisor hypomineralized defects. Both microabrasion techniques significantly improved the tooth's color, but the Prema method took over 9 minutes longer. The 12-fluted bur caused no clinically identifiable marks on the enamel surface. Both techniques were very reliable in removing the brown hypomineralized enamel defects, but were far less reliable in removing the white mineralization defects. The 12-fluted bur appeared to be an easier and equally effective alternative to Prema Compound for mineralization defects in incisors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Double-blind whitening Night-Guard study using ten percent carbamide peroxide.

The conservative technique of professionally dispensed and supervised, home-administered vital bleaching is now a routine treatment in the dental profession. This double-blind study evaluated the Rembrandt Lightening Gel and Whitening Toothpaste for shade change, colorimeter shade change. As well, it evaluated soft tissue health by periodontal probing, plaque index, and bleeding index. A patient questionnaire evaluated perception of whitening, perception of oral hygiene, average hours per day, and average days per week. Bleaching trays were worn over a 4-week period. The bleaching system showed definitive whitening effects as evaluated with the Vita shade guide and the colorimeter. The bleaching system had no deleterious effects on the soft tissue. The Rembrandt toothpaste alone demonstrated two-shade lightening. This vital bleaching system shows definitive whitening of the teeth in short periods of time with no adverse effects.

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vital bleaching: a new light-activated hydrogen peroxide system.

With ever increasing interest in cosmetic enhancement of dentition by dentists and patients alike, this article introduces a new light-activated bleaching system that adds up to total patient satisfaction and reduced chair time. The chairside application of hydrogen peroxide 30% was effective in lightening a moderate case of tetracycline staining. The uniqueness of this system allows the practitioner complete control within an office setting, and it provides the patient with an immediate result. The ease of application and strict supervision of a dentist has allowed this system to satisfy recent watchdogs of the Federal Drug Administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Protection against minocycline pigment formation by ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

Minocycline, a member of the tetracycline family of antibiotics, is widely used in the treatment of acne. Its use has been associated with intrinsic staining of adult human teeth, bones, and soft tissues. It causes blackening of the thyroid glands in both animals and humans. It has been determined that the pigment is the product of an oxidation reaction. Laboratory studies have shown that the pigment formation can be induced by exposure to ultraviolet light in the presence of air, and that an antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), can block its formation. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the antioxidant vitamin C could prevent the pigmentation of tissues of laboratory rats given minocycline. Based on other studies, one group of rats was given minocycline by stomach tube at a dose of 75 mg/kg/day, 5 days per week, for 6 weeks. A second experimental group was given the same regimen of minocycline plus a supplement of ascorbic acid at a level of 0.1% of the diet. A control group received no treatment at all; all rats were maintained on laboratory rats chow and water ad libitum. The rats were euthanized by carbon dioxide inhalation. Nasomaxillary bones, including central incisors, and thyroid glands were removed and fixed with 10% buffered formalin. Bones and teeth showed no gross signs of staining and, therefore, were not processed further. Thyroid glands were visibly darker in the minocycline group; specimens from all three groups were processed histologically. Microscopic examination revealed extensive deposits of black pigment throughout the follicles of the minocycline group, whereas the group receiving both minocycline and vitamin C showed no sign of pigmentation and were indistinguishable from controls. It is suggested that patients on long-term minocycline medication be monitored for thyroid function.

Animals↗