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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Tests of functional limitations in fibromyalgia syndrome: a reliability study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and discriminative ability of a test battery consisting of 7 tests designed for the assessment of functional limitations in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). METHODS: The intrarater reliability of the test battery was evaluated for 15 women with FMS. Interrater reliability was calculated on 4 tests separately. Fifteen healthy women constituted a reference group. RESULTS: The intrarater coefficient of variation was < 8% for the shoulder range of motion tests, chair test, and 6-minute walk test, and < 21% for the shoulder endurance test, with correlation coefficients above 0.80 for all tests. Kappa was 0.70-0.80 for the hand-to-scapula tests. The interrater coefficient of variation was < 5% for shoulder range of motion. The performances of the FMS patients were significantly decreased in comparison with healthy subjects in all the tests except for the hand-to-scapula movement. CONCLUSIONS: All but 1 of the selected 7 tests were considered to possess acceptable intrarater reliability for use in FMS in clinical physical therapy practice.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Marrow mass and distribution in murine skeletons cleaned by beetles as compared to cut up carcasses and a further simplification of the latter technique.

Distribution of 59Fe into various bone groups of the complete murine skeleton was studied using two methods of dividing up the bones: 1) our previously reported technique of simply cutting up a skinned, eviscerated carcass and 2) separating bones from skeletons cleaned of overlying tissue by beetles, Dermestes species. The total percentage of injected 59Fe recovered in the sum of all skeletal parts, the percentage of total skeletal 59Fe found in each bone group, and the overall accuracy of determining these values were quite similar for the two techniques. The only statistically significant difference shown was a modest decrease in the percentage of total skeletal iron found in ribs plus sternum plus cervical and thoracic spine in beetle-cleaned as compared to cut up groups and we would not consider this to be of biological significance. Cutting up carcasses is the simpler of the two techniques but there are circumstances in which beetle digestion would be advantageous. In addition, we collected data on the reproducibility and precision of determining the percentage of 59Fe injected which is found in a "pulled off" foreleg plus scapula and of the distribution of 59Fe within three cut up pieces from the leg and within the scapula. These data can be used as a measure of overall changes in marrow mass and/or distribution, or at least they can be used as a screening procedure to detect such. This simple procedure adds potentially useful values for fully interpreting hematopoietic changes in the mouse.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1993

Skeletal abnormalities in the Apert syndrome.

This paper reports on skeletal abnormalities in 38 patients with Apert syndrome. Analysis includes alterations in the shoulders, humeri, elbows, hips, knees, rib cage, and spine (except the cervical spine). Some patients had subacromial dimples and elbow dimples during infancy. Mobility at the glenohumeral joint was limited. Progressive limitation in abduction, forward flexion, and external rotation with growth was virtually a constant finding. The acromioclavicular joint was prominent and sometimes had an angular, pointed appearance clinically. This was often associated with atrophic musculature and winging of the scapulae. Limited elbow mobility was common and usually mild in degree. Decreased elbow extension was most often found with decreased flexion, pronation, and supination occurring less frequently. Limited elbow mobility did not change significantly with growth in contrast to the increasing severity observed in the shoulder joint. Short humeri were a constant finding beyond infancy and genua valga of mild degree were present in many cases. Radiographic examination strongly suggests that the Apert syndrome is characterized by a multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. We found delay in appearance of postnatal ossification centers, particularly in the humeral head, greater tuberosity, capitulum, and radial head. Subsequently, these bones became abnormal in shape. Glenoid dysplasia was observed consistently. The neck of the scapula was very short or absent and the inferior margin of the glenoid cavity was poorly demarcated from the infraglenoid tubercle. The humeral head became oblong in shape with relative prominence of the greater tuberosity which compromised abduction. In the elbow, the capitulum was often small and the radial head was flat in many instances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed2006

Skeletal manifestations of infantile scurvy.

Recent investigations of human skeletal material from the historic St. Martin's cemetery, England, found a range of abnormal lesions in six infants that are almost certainly related to scurvy. Porous and proliferative bone lesions affecting the cranial bones and scapulae were found, and this paper presents images obtained using both macroscopic and scanning electron microscope examination of the lesions. Previous work on infantile scurvy (Ortner et al., 1997-2001) relied heavily on changes at the sphenoid, which is often missing in archaeological bone, so the identification of changes attributable to scurvy on other cranial bones and the scapulae is encouraging. The ability to recognize changes related to scurvy on a range of bones will ensure an enhanced potential for recognition of this disease in future research involving archaeological bone. Research on historical documents from Birmingham dating to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, combined with the probable cases of scurvy identified, supports the view that the paucity of cases of infantile scurvy from the archaeological record reflects a lack of understanding and recognition of bone manifestations, rather than a lack of occurrence in this period. Changes linked to scurvy were only found in infants from the poorer sections of the community from St. Martin's, and this is almost certainly linked to patterns of food consumption and may be related to shortages of potatoes, due to blight, experienced during this period.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2003

Elastofibroma dorsi has distinct cytomorphologic features, making diagnostic surgical biopsy unnecessary: cytomorphologic study with clinical, radiologic, and electron microscopic correlations.

Elastofibroma dorsi (EFD) is a relatively rare soft tissue mass, probably of reactive nature. The lesion is typically located near the inferior margin of the scapula or between the inferior part of scapula and the chest wall in elderly women. Although location of the tumor together with the age/sex of the patients and radiologic findings is often suggestive of the diagnosis, tissue examination has been considered necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Although the histologic features of EFD are well known, there are only four single case reports of the cytologic findings in the English language literature. We describe the cytologic features of EFD in five patients with correlations to clinical, radiologic, histologic, and electron microscopic findings. The current study suggests that the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) features are highly diagnostic, permitting a firm diagnosis of EFD in a typical clinical setting and eliminating the need for preoperative histologic examination.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Role of the opercularis muscle in seismic sensitivity in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana.

The inner ear of anuran amphibians appears to be exceptionally sensitive to substrate vibration. The opercularis system, consisting of an opercularis muscle running from the shoulder girdle to a movable, cartilaginous operculum lying next to the inner ear, has been hypothesized to be involved in driving these seismic responses. Removal of the opercularis muscle of adult bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, caused clear decreases in microphonic responses of the inner ear to vibrations from 20-250 Hz and 0.05-5.0 cm/sec2 accelerations. Degree of decrease in responsiveness was variable between individuals and between different frequencies of stimulation, ranging up to 90% reduction at certain frequencies and in certain specimens. Decreases were most marked at lower frequencies below about 50 Hz. Additional removal of the levator scapulae superior muscle, which runs alongside the opercularis muscle from the shoulder girdle to ventrolateral portions of the otic capsule, also tended to depress responses, although this effect was substantially less (generally less than 10%) and also less consistent. As the opercularis muscle appears to be derived from the levator scapulae musculature, it is speculated that primitively seismic sensitivity was enhanced by a muscular connection that could transmit motion from the forelimb to the otic region, responsiveness being further enhanced by the subsequent evolution of the specialized opercularis system.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1994

Relationship of donor site to chondrogenic potential of periosteum in vitro.

Periosteum has been shown in vitro and in vivo to have a chondrogenic potential that permits it to be used for cartilage regeneration. A useful donor site should have good chondrogenic potential, availability of a large quantity of periosteum, and relative ease of access, and it should be associated with a low rate of morbidity. We hypothesized that the chondrogenic potential of periosteum varies from one bone to another and among different regions of the periosteum from a single bone. A total of 370 periosteal and 37 fascia lata (control) explants were taken from the skull, the ilium, the scapula, the upper, middle, and lower medial proximal tibia, the posterior proximal tibia, and the distal tibia of 2-month-old New Zealand rabbits. The explants were cultured for 6 weeks in agarose/Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium to which 10 ng/ml of transforming growth factor-beta 1 was added during the first 2 weeks. Skeletal muscle and fascia lata were used as controls. In addition, the thickness, cell density, and total cell count of the cambium layer were measured in 24 explants from the donor sites on the ilium and the upper, middle, and lower proximal tibia. At 6 weeks, histomorphometry and quantitative collagen typing were performed. The periosteal donor sites could be grouped into three categories according to chondrogenic potential: ilium (best), scapula and tibia, and skull (no chondrogenesis). The scapular periosteum was slightly better than that from the tibia. Within the tibia, the upper and middle zones of the proximal region were similar and were slightly better than the lower proximal tibia or the distal tibia. The cellularity of the cambium layer correlated positively with the amount of cartilage as a percentage of the total area. The results of this study indicate that iliac periosteum exhibited the best overall chondrogenic potential in vitro but that periosteum from the traditionally used medial proximal tibia also was excellent. Periosteum from the skull was not chondrogenic. The chondrogenic potential of periosteum varies from bone to bone and within the periosteum from one bone. This variation in chondrogenic potential among donor sites may be due to a difference in the total cell count of the cambium layer.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Major mandibular reconstruction with vascularized bone grafts: indications and selection of donor tissue.

Free vascularized bones have been shown by many specialists to exhibit specific capabilities of reconstructing a major mandibular defect and can solve problems that may be insoluble by other methods. Nevertheless, absolute indications for using vascularized bone for major mandibular reconstructions have not been sufficiently well delineated to convince people of always considering vascularized bone for major mandibular reconstructions as a first option. Based on our experience with 55 major mandibular reconstructions, we might delineate the absolute indications for using free vascularized bone for major mandibular reconstructions explicitly: 1) osteoradionecrosis of mandible or on irradiated tissue bed; 2) hemimandibular reconstruction with a free end facing the glenoid fossa; 3) long segment mandibular defect, especially across the symphysis; 4) inadequate skin or mucosal lining; 5) defects demanding sandwich reconstruction; 6) inability to obtain secure immobilization on the reconstructed unit; 7) failure of reconstruction by other methods; 8) near total mandibular reconstruction. Selection of donor tissue should be according to 1) the amount of tissue deficiencies, 2) composition of the defect, 3) design and placement of the flap, 4) irradiation on the recipient site or not, 5) which vessels to be used, 6) which flap has the appropriate vessel length 7) skin color and texture of the donor tissue, 8) how many osteotomies required to stimulate the curvature of the resected mandible 9) speed of bony union, 10) feasibility of future osseointegration. We have used three kinds of vascularized bones (iliac bone, fibula, scapula). Iliac bone was most frequently used, and has always been our first choice, since it can carry good quality bone, a large skin flap, and ample soft tissue. The fibula has the merit of being less bulky and good for simultaneous intraoral lining, but the contour is more rigid and the bony height is insufficient. The scapula bone is rarely used at present because of its relative inconvenience.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Extracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor.

An 11-year-old white girl was admitted to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in July 1983 for evaluation of metastatic tumor. She had been well until July 1982, when a mass developed over the right scapula. Treatment with warm compresses and antibiotics resulted in no improvement, and incision and drainage were unproductive. A biopsy at another hospital was interpreted as showing a primitive neuroectodermal tumor. There was no evidence of metastatic disease. She then underwent excision of the tumor with the underlying scapula. No further treatment was administered. She remained well until February 1983, when she began to complain of occasional lower back and thigh pains. Her symptoms worsened over the succeeding 3 months, despite treatment with analgesics and physical therapy. By May 1983, she was no longer able to attend school because of weakness and pain, and had sustained a 10% weight loss during the previous 2 months. She was admitted to her original hospital, where bone scan and bone marrow biopsy showed disseminated tumor; she then came to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. On examination, she appeared acutely and chronically ill. It was very uncomfortable for her to move, and she walked with a slow, stooped, shuffling gait. She complained of tenderness in the lower back and both sides. There were no other abnormalities on examination. The hemoglobin level was 9.7 gm/dl, following transfusion at the other hospital; white blood cell count was 6,900/mm3 with a normal differential, and the platelet count was 480,000/mm3. A 24-hr urine test for VMA excretion was normal. She underwent bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, and the radiographs and pathology slides from the other hospital were reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Campomelic acampomelic dysplasia presenting with increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester.

This is the first report of a fetus affected with campomelic acampomelic dysplasia presenting with increased nuchal translucency. Ultrasonography at 13 weeks of amenorrhea showed a nuchal translucency 5.6 mm thick. The karyotype performed on amniotic fluid cells was normal (46,XY). Ultrasonography at 22 weeks revealed a normal femoral length and female genitalia. A second amniocentesis was performed to confirm the karyotype and for dosage of steroid hormones. Testosterone dosage was low, corresponding to a female fetus. Ultrasonography at 32 weeks showed growth retardation of the long bones (< 3rd centile) that were not curved. A severe malformation syndrome was suspected and the pregnancy was terminated at 33 weeks. The fetus displayed macrocephaly, facial dysmorphism and female external genitalia. X ray showed straight and thickened long bones, hypoplastic scapulae and moderate platyspondyly. In view of the association of sex reversal, hypoplasia of the scapulae, and the presence of straight long bones, campomelic acampomelic dysplasia was suspected and confirmed by the finding of a SOX9 mutation. This case shows the importance of a careful echographic survey in a fetus with a nuchal translucency > 4 mm, especially if there is discordance between phenotypic and genotypic sex, since growth retardation may occur later during the pregnancy.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1997

Open versus arthroscopic subacromial decompression: analysis of one-year results.

The results of open subacromial decompression (OSD) were compared with arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) after 1 year in 32 subjects (4 bilateral), and the correlation between the two shoulder rating scales for impingement was documented. Patients were evaluated clinically on the modified University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale, and Constant scale. Scapular position and rotation were evaluated as well as a rotation and abduction shoulder strength test using the Cybex II dynamometer. No parameters revealed significant differences between the groups, except for the UCLA score which indicated an advantage for the ASD group (p = 0.046). The OSD group scored 24.5 (5.45) on the UCLA scale and 73.8 (18.9) on the Constant scale, whereas the ASD group scored 28.3 (5.6) and 80.8 (16.4). To study the correlation between both scales, the Pearson correlation product-moment coefficient was calculated and a high correlation (r = 0.81) obtained. Less mobility was found in the operated arm for all parameters, with the exception of glenohumeral abduction in both groups and passive elevation in the OSD group. Only in the OSD group did the scapula in the operated extremity show more abduction of the inferior angle of the scapula. Weaker abduction strength in the operated side was found in the ASD group, whereas in the OSD group there was significantly less adduction and external rotation strength at 180 degrees/s en 240 degrees/s. We conclude that after one year the open group tends to catch up with the arthroscopic patients and that the main benefits after arthroscopic surgery as described in literature are more evident in the shorter period.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A kinematic and kinetic analysis of locomotion during voluntary gait modification in the cat.

As part of a study to characterize the postural reactions that occur during voluntary gait modification, we examined the kinematic, electromyographic (EMG), and kinetic responses that occurred when cats stepped over an obstacle placed in their path. Analyses of the kinematics as each of the forelimbs stepped over the obstacle showed that changes in joint angles were most pronounced at the elbow of the first (lead) limb, and at the shoulder of the second (trailing) limb. In the hindlimbs, there was a pronounced change in the knee joint angle in both the leading and trailing limbs. Examination of the horizontal and vertical velocities of the tip of the forepaw suggests that the movements can be divided into two phases: one in which the limb is rapidly lifted above and over the obstacle, and a slower one during which the limb is carefully repositioned on the floor. On the basis of the velocity profiles, we suggest that the repositioning of the paw on the support surface is more critically controlled for the forelimb than for the hindlimb. Analysis of the changes in the ground reaction forces in the supporting limbs during these gait modifications showed that there were two major increases in vertical reaction force. One of these occurred as the two forelimbs were straddling the obstacle, the other when the two hindlimbs were straddling it. There was also a net increase in the anteroposterior force that resulted in a small increase in propulsion as the cat stepped over the obstacle. Each change in the vertical ground reaction force was paralleled by a similar change in the amplitude of the EMG recorded from the respective extensor muscles. An analysis of the vertical displacement of the scapula and of the pelvis showed that there was a slight increase in the height of the scapula in the support limb just prior to and during the swing phase of the trailing forelimb, and a more pronounced and progressive change in the height of the pelvis prior to and during the passage of both hindlimbs over the obstacle. We suggest that the increases in vertical ground reaction force raise the height of the body sufficiently to allow, respectively, passage of the trail forelimb and each of the hindlimbs over the obstacle. The results are discussed with respect to both the biomechanical changes underlying these gait modifications and the neuronal mechanisms implicated in their control.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The guinea-pig step cycle: X-ray cinematographic analysis of the forelimb during pharmacologically induced "stepping automatism".

"Stepping automatism" has generally been studied in mesencephalic or spinal cats and has been induced electrically with the animal on a treadmill (Shik and Orlovsky 1976). Derivatives of 4-R-2,2,5,5-tetrakis (trifluoromethyl)-imidazoline (SIS = Substances capable of Inducing Stepping) I-IV (Liu 1985, Liu et al. 1984) can induce regular "stepping automatism" in guinea pigs. The present paper concerns the guinea-pig step cycle of the forelimb during SIS II-induced "stepping automatism" analysed with the use of X-ray cinematography and electromyography (EMG) studies in suspended animals. Results show that the flexion phase (F E1) and the extension phase (E2 E3) of the SIS-induced step cycle are quite comparable to those of the normal step cycle in other quadrupedal animals walking on the ground. The excursions of elbow, shoulder and scapula joints are all in phase in F and E3, whereas the scapula is largely out of phase with the elbow and shoulder during E1 and E2. It is surprising that during SIS II-induced locomotion in guinea pigs suspended in the air, "yield" could be seen in both, the elbow and the shoulder joints.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Differences in regional sweating responses during exercise between athletes trained on land and in water.

We investigated whether there are any differences in regional sweating responses during exercise between athletes trained on land and in water. We measured the local sweating rates on the left forearm (mswf) and the left scapula (msws), body temperatures (mean skin temperature, and rectal temperature Tre) in eight athletes trained on land (five soccer players, one distance runner and two baseball players, L group) and seven athletes trained in water (seven swimmers, W group) during cycle ergometer exercise at 50% maximal oxygen uptake for 40 min. The heart rate and oxygen uptake in the two groups during exercise showed nearly the same pattern of change. The Tre at the end of the exercise were 38.13 (SEM 0.19) degrees C in the L group and 38.26 (SEM 0.34) degrees C in the W group. Although the mswf in the two groups were similar, msws were significantly higher in L than in W at 30, 35 and 40 min of exercise. The msws at any given mean body temperature tended to be greater in L than in W. These results showed that a difference in regional sweating rate during exercise between the athletes trained on land and in water was present on the scapula.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Rotation-abduction analysis in 10 normal and 20 pathologic shoulders. Elite system application.

Kinematics of shoulder rotation-abduction in the plane of the scapula were analysed using the Elite system. We evaluated 10 asymptomatic subjects and 20 patients with painful conditions affecting the shoulder, 10 adhesive capsulitis and 10 rotator cuff-tears. The last pathologic cases were reexamined after rehabilitation treatment. The Elite system computed on line the trajectories of 8 retro reflective markers glued on the main reference points (3 on the spine, 3 on the scapula and 2 on the humerus). Angles and linear velocities were also evaluated. The lower humeral site displacement and gleno-humeral angle increase allowed differentiation of the normal shoulder rotation-abduction from the abnormal movement. Hence, rehabilitation progress could be followed up.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Selective electromyography of dorsal neck muscles in humans.

The patterns of activation of splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, transversospinalis, and levator scapulae muscles were studied during various head-neck positions, movements, and isometric tests in 19 healthy human subjects. Myoelectric activities were recorded with intramuscular bipolar wire electrodes. Cervical computerized tomography of each subject was performed before the electromyography session in order to guide electrode insertion. Head motion was recorded using an electromechanical device. This report demonstrates that head motion results from a complex interaction of active muscular forces, passive ligamentous forces, and gravity. Splenius capitis has two main functions, i.e., cervical extension and ipsilateral rotation. Semi spinalis capitis and the transversospinalis are mainly extensors, and levator scapulae acts primarily on the shoulder girdle. Splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, and transversospinalis play a subordinate part in ipsilateral tilting. In addition, most subjects' semispinalis capitis were gradually recruited during ipsilateral rotation. No signal was detected from the transversospinalis during rotation tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Osteonectin and Gla-protein in calf bone: ultrastructural immunohistochemical localization using the Protein A-gold method.

Osteonectin and bone Gla-protein have been localized at the ultrastructural level in calf scapula bone tissue. Post-embedding-decalcified thin sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed and Araldite-embedded specimens of calf scapula were incubated with rabbit antisera to bovine osteonectin and bone Gla-protein, and the sites of antigen-antibody reaction were demonstrated using the Protein A-gold technique. Specific labelling of the bone matrix was obtained with both antisera. The collagen fibers were labelled particularly intensely. Filamentous structures visible at the sites of early mineralization were labelled by rows of gold particles after incubation with anti-osteonectin antiserum. These findings are consistent with biochemical data available on the localization and properties of these non- collagenous proteins. 'Crystal ghost'-like structures are immunoreactive to anti-osteonectin antiserum.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Complex reconstruction of the area of the maxilla and mid-face after radical tumor surgery].

The esthetic and functional restoration of facial defects is always a daunting challenge. The advent of free vascularized tissue transfers in combination with oral implants enables the surgeon to attain a high level of flexibility in the treatment of such defects. Due to its anatomical properties, the osteocutaneous scapula flap qualifies to a high degree for reconstruction purposes in the midfacial area. From July 1990 to February 1997, reconstruction of complex facial defects after oncologic surgery was performed in 17 patients using free vascularized tissue transfer. In four cases, a free scapula flap was used. Advantages and disadvantages of this technique are illustrated in these patients. Complete oral rehabilitation requires bony continuity of the jaws and stable dentition. To attain this goal, additional grafting procedures are required in most cases when insertion of oral implants is planned. As for the soft tissues, the problem of measuring the amount of tissue needed often leads to an overcorrection, requiring several debulking procedures.

Adult↗