Acromegaly and cutis verticis gyrata.
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Acromegaly↗
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Results for “SCALP DERMATOSES”
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Comparison of betamethasone dipropionate lotion with salicylic acid (Diprosalic) and clobetasol propionate lotion (Dermovate) in the treatment of psoriasis of the scalp.
A double-blind comparison was made between Diprosalic and Dermovate lotions in fifty-one patients with psoriasis of the scalp. Both preparations were highly effective. No significant difference in efficacy between the preparations could be demonstrated after 3 weeks treatment except for antipruritic effect, in this respect Diprosalic being superior to Dermovate. Only three patients (two in the Dermovate group, and one in the Diprosalic group) experienced minor adverse reactions. Plasma cortisol levels were determined in seventeen of the patients and no significant influence on the adrenal function could be shown on the part of either of the preparations.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
Comparison of topical treatment with desoxymethasone solution 0.25% with salicylic acid 1% and betamethasone valerate solution 0.1% in patients with psoriasis of the scalp.
A new preparation for treatment of psoriasis of the scalp, containing desoxymethasone 0.25%, salicylic acid 1% and polyol-fatty esters in ethanolic solution (Ibaril) was tested in patients with psoriasis of the scalp. In a double-blind study comprising forty patients there was a significant difference in favour of this solution in comparison with betamethasone valerate solution, 0.1% (Betnovat) after 2 weeks of treatment.
Administration, Topical↗
Pediculosis in a school population.
This nonexperimental, retrospective study of elementary, middle school, and high school children (a) determined the prevalence of pediculosis, (b) identified populations susceptible to head lice infestation, and (c) examined the role of the school nurse in pediculosis management. The findings showed the highest prevalence of pediculosis was among younger school-age children, and girls were 3 times more likely to be infested than boys. Hispanic children had the highest rate of infestation, followed by Caucasian children. African American children showed a 15% infestation rate, a finding not supported by other studies. The role of the school nurse in pediculosis management was restricted by time and budgetary constraints. Findings of this study support the need for a standardized data collection system for pediculosis in all school districts.
Adolescent↗
Quality improvement projects related to pediculosis management.
Concern about student absenteeism related to repeated pediculosis infestations and the consequent risk for unsuccessful school achievement led to a quality improvement program comprised of 6 projects. The goal was to identify effective nursing interventions for children and families incurring repeated infestations. One project addressed the prevalence of infestation, frequency of school exclusion, and duration of consequential lost school days. Affirmed were low contagion in classrooms and multiple social and emotional challenges in students having chronic infestations. From other projects, the importance of establishing effective relationships with parents, students, and school staff to work toward effective management outcomes was apparent. Also identified was the need to better match hair texture with the selection of a lice comb for effective mechanical removal of lice and nits. There is a need to replicate these projects with larger numbers of students in different geographic locations. It is important to have evidence-based information about the communicability and management strategies for pediculosis to contribute to sound treatment and policy formation.
Absenteeism↗
Rapunzel's place.
This paper describes an innovative approach to personal hygiene education and intervention and pediculosis management in an elementary school. The three-phase project consisted of a hand-washing program, distribution of personal hygiene packets, pediculosis education, and intervention which culminated in the establishment of a school-based beauty salon.
Beauty Culture↗
Factors contributing to the overuse of chemical pesticides in children with persistent head lice.
A growing number of head lice cases, for reasons that are not entirely clear, are repetitive or enduring. Despite the emerging phenomena, there has been little in the literature to guide school nurses in their day-to-day struggle with families experiencing head lice infestations that persist despite repeated treatment attempts. Children with persistent head lice are at increased risk of overexposure to chemical pesticides from multiple-treatment sources. In addition, school absences for persistent head lice infestations place children at risk educationally.
Animals↗
Clinical evidence of lice resistance to over-the-counter products.
BACKGROUND: Over-the-counter insecticidal solutions continue to be the mainstream treatment for most cases of head lice. Recorded insecticidal activity 15 years ago was at 100%, with ovicidal kill at 80%. Recently scattered accounts of possible resistance have surfaced. OBJECTIVE: This article is to document the general consensus that head lice are becoming resistant to standard over-the-counter therapies. METHODS: Direct testing of lethality of adult lice with permethrin and pyrethroid was assessed. RESULTS: Present over-the-counter products proved to be successful in only 9 of 32 head lice tested (28% insecticidal activity). CONCLUSIONS: Our series of cases further documents that over-the-counter head lice preparations no longer achieve high levels of insecticidal activity, suggesting increased resistance to these insecticides.
Animals↗
Trichoepithelioma associated with cellular blue nevus.
BACKGROUND: Epithelial elements, such as trichoepithelioma, are occasionally associated with melanocytic nevi. OBJECTIVE: A case of trichoepithelioma in association with cellular blue nevus is reported. METHODS AND RESULTS: A solitary, pigmented nodule was removed from the scalp of a middle-aged woman. Histopathologic examination demonstrated a circumscribed cellular blue nevus within which were embedded epithelial strands and cystic structures consistent with trichoepithelioma. CONCLUSION: Trichoepitheliomas have been described in relation to common acquired nevi, but an association with a blue nevus is rare. The intimate admixture of trichoepithelioma within the nodule of a nevus supports the concept of epithelial induction by melanocytic nevi.
Carcinoma↗
Dermatopathology of common hair problems.
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Acne Keloid↗
Head louse infection: a health promotion activity.
Head lice are the most common human ectoparasite. Although an infectious disease, louse infection rarely cause physical problems other than an itchy scalp. Social stigma surrounding infection induces feelings of shame, anger and embarrassment for families. Preventative health education and promotion via screening can effectively reduce the incidences of lice infection. The Mosaic Model of Treatment is recommended as the most up-to-date treatment regime, suitable for use on all children.
Animals↗
Local treatment of psoriasis of the scalp with clobetasol propionate in alcoholic solution: a comparison of once and twice a day application.
A clinical evaluation was carried out in 53 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis of the scalp to assess the effectiveness of a 0.05% alcoholic solution of clobetasol propionate. Patients were treated on a non-selective basis with either a once a day or twice a day application. After a 2-weeks' treatment period, the results showed that there was an excellent or good response in 65% of patients treated once a day and in all of the patients on twice daily application of the topical steroid. It is recommended, therefore, that clobetasol propionate should be applied twice daily for the control of severe cases of psoriasis of the scalp.
Administration, Topical↗
Local treatment of psoriasis of the scalp with clobetasol propionate and betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate: a double-blind comparison.
A double-blind evaluation was carried out in 40 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis of the scalp to assess the effectiveness of a 0.05% alcoholic solution of clobetasol propionate as compared with a 0.05% alcoholic solution of betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate. Patients were treated on a non-selective basis with a twice a day application for 2 weeks. When comparing the effects on the parameters scaling, induration, erythema and itching it was concluded that clobetasol propionate was superior to betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate as an antipsoriatic compound. Clobetasol propionate did not cause any side-effects, while 2 of the patients using betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate developed a forehead folliculitis during the second week of treatment.
Betamethasone↗
Novel compound heterozygous DOCK6 variants expand the mutational spectrum in prenatal diagnosis of Adams-Oliver syndrome 2.
BACKGROUND: Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare developmental disorder, and the DOCK6 gene is an identified AOS gene. This report highlights the prenatal diagnosis of AOS-2 by ultrasonography and genetic testing. METHODS: A growth-restricted fetus with bilateral ventriculomegaly, paraventricular calcifications, and ventricular septal defect underwent trio-whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES). Functional validation of the splice-altering variant was performed via minigene assays and protein structural modeling. RESULTS: Trio-WES revealed compound heterozygous DOCK6 variants: a paternal frameshift (c.3190_3191del; p. Leu1064Valfs60) and a maternal splice-site variant (c.3241-1G > T). Minigene assays demonstrated that c.3241-1G > T caused intron 26 retention (486 bp), introducing a premature termination codon (p. Val1081Glufs37). Structural modeling confirmed the loss of critical DHR2 domains in both truncated proteins. CONCLUSIONS: This study expands the mutational spectrum of DOCK6 and underscores the importance of combining prenatal imaging with functional genomics for early diagnosis of AOS2.
Adult↗
Skin lesions in melanoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. Case 2. Dermoscopic features of metastases from cutaneous melanoma mimicking benign nevi and primary melanoma.
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Adult↗
Scalp actinomycosis mimicking soft tissue mass.
Actinomycosis is a rare, subacute or chronic bacterial infection, characterized by localized swelling with suppuration, abscess formation, tissue fibrosis, and draining sinuses. It is caused by gram-positive, pleomorphic non-spore-forming, non-acid-fast anaerobic or microaerophilic bacilli of the genus Actinomyces. In humans, actinomyces are often normally found in the oral cavity, the gastrointestinal tract and the female genital tract. Infections of the oral and cervicofacial regions are the most commonly reported cases. We present a case of subcutaneous actinomycosis, localized at the upper segment of the posterior neck space, with scalp involvement.
Actinomycosis↗
Histiocytosis X of the head and neck.
Histiocytosis X is a general disease class for three less distinctive and overlapping states; namely, eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, and Letterer-Siwe disease. These conditions span a continuum from an isolated bony or soft tissue lesion to a fulminant, disseminated process. The head and neck are frequent sites of initial presentation for the more serious varieties. We present four cases of histiocytosis X with lesions in the temporal bone, skull, and mandible. Some patients had accompanying scalp lesions as well as other distal bony and soft tissue lesions. Treatment included radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. A rational discussion of new treatment modalities based on stage of the disease is presented. Utilization of CT scanning in the initial diagnosis and follow-up is demonstrated. Management of troublesome otologic complications is also discussed.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Head lice resistance: itching that just won't stop.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reports of resistance and cross-resistance to pediculicides in the head louse (Pediculus capitis), as well as the mechanisms involved. DATA SOURCES: Literature identified through a MEDLINE search (1966-April 2000) and through other secondary literature databases and/or bibliographies of pertinent articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Head lice infestation is a common, worldwide problem. The widespread use of insecticide treatments together with inadequate treatment methods has led to a concern regarding the potential development of resistant head lice. This literature review examines the reports of resistance of the head louse as well as the purported mechanisms involved. CONCLUSIONS: Current research suggests that head lice resistance exists, but little is known regarding the actual incidence of this resistance or whether this incidence is increasing. More research is needed to assess the status of this problem. Proposed mechanisms for head lice resistance include knock-down resistance, glutathione S-transferase-based resistance, and monooxygenase-based resistance.
Animals↗