Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Rectum”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[A study on preoperative administration of doxifluridine in carcinoma of the colon and rectum].

The usefulness of preoperative administration of Doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) for treating carcinoma of the colon and rectum was studied through a determination of 5-FU concentration in carcinoma, normal intestine, serum and lymph nodes concerned. 1,200 mg/day of 5'-DFUR was administrated orally to 16 patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum over four days before surgery, and the specimens obtained by resecting the carcinoma were subjected to the mass spectrometry using a gas chromatography to determine 5-FU concentrations. The time needed for collection of the specimen from the final administration of 5'-DFUR was 3.0 to 20.5 hours (10.7 +/- 6.6 hrs). 5-FU concentrations were as follows: 75.8 +/- 61.2 ng/g in the carcinoma, 39.9 +/- 63.5 ng/g in the normal intestine and 26.8 +/- 52.4 ng/g in the lymph nodes concerned, which were significantly high as compared to serum level of 2.3 +/- 4.9 ng/ml (p less than 0.05). Further, a high level of 90.1 +/- 29.3 ng/g (n = 6) of the carcinoma was sustained even at 12 hours or more since final administration of 5'-DFUR. In view of histological patterns, the levels were 139.5 +/- 69.5 ng/g (n = 5) in well differentiated carcinoma and 46.9 +/- 27.4 ng/g (n = 11) in moderately differentiated carcinoma, the level being significantly high in the former (p less than 0.05). A histologic therapeutical effect was shown in one out of 16 cases, with the improvement that remained the score to grade 1. This was deemed due to the small dosage and a short duration of 5'-DFUR.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer of the rectum in relation to components of the Spanish diet.

Cancer of the rectum is common in most industrialized countries. It is considered to be the result of a combination of environmental (diet, tobacco, alcohol, etc.) and genetic factors. We studied the evolution of morbidity and mortality due to cancer of the rectum and sigmoid in Spanish provinces and its relationship to different Spanish diet components. Our study covered the period 1977-1985. We used the indirect method to determine morbidity and mortality rates per 100,000 population, grouped according to age and sex. The consumption of different diet components was obtained from National Statistics Institute publications on the subject. These components were total lipids, animal fats, vegetable fats, butter and pork lard, margarine, fiber, and alcohol (all in g/person/day). For the study period, the mean national standardized mortality was 5.26 per 100,000 population and morbidity was 171.57 per 100,000. Provinces having rates above and below the national average were noted. The study revealed that, overall, alcohol consumption presents a 0.42 (p less than .001) positive correlation with standardized mortality, as does total lipid consumption.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Malignant lymphoma of the rectum.

Eleven patients with primary lymphoma of the rectum were reviewed on a mainly histological basis, especially in association with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH). They included three males and eight females with an age range of 21-71 (median 59) years. Common symptoms were anal bleeding, melena, difficulty with defecation and constipation. A physical examination echogram and computed tomographic scans showed the tumor to be restricted to the rectum. The tumors were classified microscopically as six intermediate lymphocytic lymphomas (ILL) and five others. Histologic findings compatible with RLH were found in all five ILL cases and three of the others. Immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections revealed eight cases to be of B-cell type and one with a pleomorphic histology, to be of T-cell type; one case did not react with any of the antibodies tested, but were regarded as being of B-cell type purely on morphological grounds. A gene rearrangement study carried out in one ILL case showed a monoclonal rearrangement of the Jh chain. The findings showed rectal lymphoma to be characterized by a high frequency of ILL cases and an association with RLH. These are also common findings among patients with thyroid, salivary and gastric lymphoma, suggesting a common etiologic role in these diseases of long-standing inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Histologic parameters and DNA ploidy as predictors of survival in stage B adenocarcinoma of colon and rectum.

Stage B adenocarcinomas of colon (61 carcinomas) and rectum (44 carcinomas) were retrospectively reviewed in order to define prognostic indicators and to determine if they are different for tumors arising at the two sites. Parameters evaluated included the substage of the tumor, histologic grade, presence of vascular/lymphatic invasion, residual adenoma or extracellular mucin, and tumor cell DNA content as determined by flow cytometry of paraffin-embedded tissues. Five-year survival was 81.0% for patients with colonic and 87.5% for those with rectal tumors. DNA ploidy was a significant predictor of overall and disease-free survival in patients with rectal adenocarcinomas (improved survival for those with diploid tumors) but not in those with colonic tumors and not in the two groups combined. The degree of differentiation of the tumor was prognostically significant in the colonic group and for the groups combined but not in the rectal group. There was a trend toward better survival in substage B1 tumors, as compared with substages B2 and B3, particularly in rectal neoplasms. Other histologic parameters did not predict survival. We conclude that the prognostic indicators in colonic adenocarcinoma seem to differ from those of adenocarcinoma arising in the rectum and that DNA ploidy has a significant impact upon outcome in stage B rectal adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Argyrophil and argentaffin cells in adenomas of the colon and rectum.

The incidence, distribution density and cellular structure of argyrophil and argentaffin cells in 212 colorectal adenomas obtained from 128 colorectums mostly resected surgically were investigated. Out of the 212 adenomas, argyrophil cells and argentaffin cells were found in 162 (76.4%) and 128 (60.4%), respectively. Approximately 10 per cent of adenomas with silver-positive cells showed high distribution densities. There were 128 adenomas in which both argyrophil and argentaffin cells were found. In 33 out of the 128 Paneth's cells and goblet cells were also recognized. The incidence of argyrophil and argentaffin cells tended to become higher in adenomas of the distal colon and the rectum than of the proximal colon, apart from those of the ascending colon. Most of the adenomas with high distribution density of these cells were in the sigmoid colon and rectum, and the distribution pattern was somewhat similar to that of silver-positive cells in the non-neoplastic mucosa. There was no significant difference in the incidence of silver-positive cells among adenomas with different histologic types. Both silver-positive cells were usually found in the lower third portion of the adenomatous glands or tubules, the shape being flask-shaped or cylindrical, and they showed cellular atypicality as the adenoma cells did. It is speculated that silver-positive cells appearing within colorectal adenomas are substantially one of the structural elements of adenomas and are derived from immature adenomatous cells. The present study supports the unitarian theory that neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa are of endodermal origin.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

[A new conservative approach in the treatment of cancer of the rectum].

Between 1980 and 1987, 25 patients with cancer of the middle or lower rectum were treated with preoperative radiotherapy (35 Gy over 3 weeks) followed, a few weeks later, by "tumorectomy". During surgery, a guiding tube was positioned on the tumoral bed for a localized overdose of curietherapy. The superimpression was 20 Gy for submucosal lesions (7 patients) and 25 Gy for lesions that had invaded the muscle coat (8 cases) or reached the serous coat (10 cases). During a mean follow-up period of 40.5 months, there were 5 recurrences and they all appeared before 18 months had elapsed since the end of treatment. Two of these 5 patients are alive and without metastasis 1 year after a secondary abdominoperineal rectal amputation. The 20 patients who showed no recurrence have normal sphincter function and 19 of them are now alive without evidence of malignancy. In cancer of the middle or lower rectum this conservative approach seems to be suitable for patients who cannot benefit from radical surgery or refuse abdominoperineal rectal amputation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Primary linitis plastica carcinoma of the colon and rectum.

Linitis plastica carcinoma of the colon and rectum is a relatively rare primary colorectal malignancy. The initial diagnosis of this disease is often difficult, and its eventual prognosis is poor. In this report, we describe a case of primary linitis plastica of the rectum in a 57-yr-old American Indian. This case is unique since it represents the first documentation of a primary rectal lesion with metastases to the stomach. The current literature is reviewed with examination of the clinicopathologic features of this neoplasm.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1989

Prognostic assessment after local resection for the treatment of small carcinoma in lower rectum.

Local resection of the lower rectum was performed for the treatment of malignant polypoid lesions in 22 patients. The clinical outcomes of the procedure are summarized as follows; 1. For IIa + IIc type malignant polyp, transanal wedge resection of the entire rectal wall or a transsacral tube resection of the rectum should be performed; as a minimal preventive measure against local recurrence. 2. Early invasive carcinoma (sm) has a metastatic potential on distant organs. 3. In the case of polypoid carcinoma invading the muscle layer (pm), local resection was conducted only in the patients with distant metastasis or with serious complications and in aged patients. 4. When postoperative histological examination reveals a mistake in operative strategy, the patient should be reoperated immediately.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of carcinoma of the rectum after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix.

Carcinomas are known to develop after radiation therapy for benign or malignant lesions. However, the development of primary carcinoma of the rectum following radiotherapy is relatively rare. This paper presents a case of adenocarcinoma of the rectum in which the history strongly suggested a radiation-induced carcinoma 12 years after initial radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. Furthermore, it was interesting that metastatic adenocarcinoma of the skin was localized only over the pelvic and perineal area that had mild brown pigmentation from the previous irradiation. The relation between the effect of irradiation and a second primary cancer in the irradiated skin is discussed.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of abdominoperineal resection in the surgical treatment of cancer of the rectum].

The respective indications for abdomino-perineal amputation and colorectal resection are being debated, especially in the treatment of mid-rectal cancer. We report a series of 242 patients operated on for cancer of the rectum, including 200 who underwent tumor resection, which aimed to be curative in 162 cases. In the choice of intervention we took into account the possibility of keeping a distal margin of security of at least 2 cm when carrying out the resection. The size of the tumor, its staging and degree of differentiation did not influence our choice. Operative mortality was 9.8% for amputations and 5.3% for resection; deaths occurring in patients over 65 years and in only two cases for specific reasons. Local recurrence developed in 16.3% of amputations and in 12.5% of resections. For the mid-rectum these percentages were respectively 20 and 10.7%, though this difference may partially be explained by a greater number of patients with Dukes stage C, among the patients undergoing amputation. Five year survival was 56.8% for amputation and 63.2% for resection. We therefore feel that abdomino-perineal amputation does not produce a better tumor clearance than resection, and that it should currently only be proposed in cases where a resection with a satisfactory margin of security cannot be ensured.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1989

[Cancers of the sigmoid and upper rectum extending to the bladder or ureter, treated by monobloc resection. Apropos of 13 cases].

The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the operative and functional risks and the results of "en bloc resection" performed for tumors of the sigmoid colon or of the rectum extending to the bladder. Thirteen patients required this resection, the sigmoid was involved in ten cases, the rectum in three. The urinary tract involvement was an operative finding in ten cases, while recurrent cystitis was observed in three cases. This extension reached the dome of the bladder in 11 cases, and the terminal portion of the ureter in 2 cases. All the patients underwent curative "en bloc resection" including colectomy and partial cystectomy or cysto-ureterectomy: operative mortality was 7.6%. Precise histological staging of lymph node and bladder involvement was only obtained in 11 cases; all were Astler Coller's stage B2. In 9 cases the malignant tissue involved the urinary tract; in 2 cases there were only inflammatory adhesions. In all cases the functional urinary results were good. The 5 year direct survival rate was 50%; following Kaplan Meier's actuarial method this rate was 68%. Bladder involvement by a colonic or rectal adenocarcinoma does not seem to have any "en bloc resection" is worthwhile for this kind of extensive prognostic valve.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[A case of IIa + IIc type early carcinoma of the rectum, with no invasion of the submucosa].

A case of a IIa + IIc type early carcinoma of the rectum is reported. A 62-year-old man, who had been checked by immunological latex agglutination faecal occult blood testing, underwent a colorectal examination at Hakodate Chu-o Hospital. A barium enema revealed a slightly elevated lesion with a central depression in the lower rectum. Colonoscopic examination showed a IIa + IIc type of early rectal carcinoma. Study of the resected specimen also confirmed a IIa + IIc type early rectal carcinoma, 17 x 15 mm in diameter. Histologically, a lesion was located within the mucosa and consisted of both a carcinoma and an adenoma. Immunological latex agglutination faecal occult blood testing was thought to be useful for mass screening detection of a colorectal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Non-traumatic perforation of colon and rectum.

Free perforation of the colon and rectum is an acute surgical condition. Possible factors affecting the prognosis include age, sex, underlying disease, surgical procedures, duration from onset to surgical treatment, general condition before surgery and degree of contamination. A series of 50 cases with acute, nontraumatic perforation of the colon and rectum treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 1979 to 1986 were reviewed and studied retrospectively according to these prognostic factors. The mortality rate was highest in the group with colo-rectal cancer (45%). The mortality rate was 50% in the group who underwent primary closure with proximal diversion and 40% in the group who underwent resection without anastomosis. The mortality may not be related to the surgical procedure: the selection of the procedure was based on the seriousness of the illness. The mortality rate was 87% in patients with septic shock, 62% when treatment was delayed for more than 72 hours, 72% with severe contamination and 56% with poor nutritional status. Age, sex and underlying diseases were not significant contributing factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Benign cystic teratoma of the ovary rupturing into the rectum: a rare problem.

Benign cystic teratoma of the ovary is a common neoplasm which only rarely presents as a result of ovarian rupture. Rupture into the rectum has been described infrequently. We describe a case of rupture of an ovarian cystic teratoma which presented as a change in bowel habit, due to faeces filling the cyst and compressing the rectum.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Prognostic and therapeutic observations of manifestations in the genitourinary tract of adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum.

To evaluate the significance of involvement of the genitourinary tract in adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, we received the records of 178 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum admitted to the University of Massachusetts Medical Center from 1980 to 1985. Sixty-eight patients (38 per cent) had urologic manifestations categorized as ureteral obstruction or injury (34 per cent), invasion to the bladder or prostate, or both (10 per cent), isolated gross hematuria (18 per cent), radiation cystitis (6 per cent) and neurogenic bladder (26 per cent). Involvement of the genitourinary tract was more common among patients with recurrent versus primary carcinoma (53 versus 32 per cent) and among patients with high stage (Dukes' C and D) versus low stage (Dukes' A and B) carcinoma (48 versus 21 per cent). The survival rate was worse in patients with high stage compared with low stage disease and no patient with recurrent high stage disease survived beyond three years. Short term survival (less than two years) was not statistically different among patients with or without manifestations in the genitourinary tract: 63 and 45 versus 71 and 66 per cent at one and two years, respectively; however, the five year survival rate was worse among patients with genitourinary involvement (30 versus 54 per cent, p less than 0.05). Surgical and endoscopic intervention of the urinary tract was performed upon 36 patients with Dukes' C and D carcinoma because of life-threatening sepsis or azotemia, or both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

The relation between cancer of the colon and rectum and nutrition, in Rio de Janeiro.

A retrospective study was carried out on the type of habitual diet consumed in the Niterói (Rio de Janeiro) city. Two groups of subjects were integrated: the Experimental Group, formed by patients with neoplasms of the large intestine and rectum, and the Control Group, formed by individuals with no gastrointestinal disorders. The information obtained through direct inquiry, strongly suggests that cancer of the colon and rectum may be related to the high proportion of fat and low proportion of dietary fiber found in the diets of the patients studied.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Inverse polypoid hamartoma of the rectum with colonic extension of the lesions and deep cystic colitis with rectal involvement. Apropos of an anatomo-clinical case report].

The authors report the case of a 38 year old man, presenting with an inverted polypoid hamartoma (IPH) of the rectum, associated with similar colonic localizations and they show the resemblance of these lesions to the colitis cystica profunda (CCP) with involvement of the entire large bowel and eventually the rectum. In fact, moreover, the symptoms, the digital rectal examination and the endoscopic, radiological and pathological data are similar but, in the reported cases, the IPH always included at least one rectal localization whereas the CCP might not show rectal lesion. Advanced lesions of rectal IPH may be confused, by endoscopy and pathology with adenomas or adenocarcinomas. Consequently it is essential to perform large and deep biopsies for histological diagnosis. The IPH and the CCP are benign diseases but "recurrence" may be observed in case of incomplete removal. The removal has to be adequate but not mutilating, either by surgery or by laser endoscopic photoablation. The choice of the procedure will depend upon the size of the lesion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Villous tumors of the rectum. Endoscopic treatment using photocoagulation].

We report the results of endoscopic photocoagulation in the treatment of villous adenomas of the rectum in 49 consecutive patients (26 males, and 23 females, mean age: 74 years). Twenty-six patients were treated with a high-power Nd-Yag laser (80 W/sec). After a mean of 3.4 laser sessions, all the small-sized adenomas (C1) and 88% of the intermediate-sized adenomas (C2) were healed. No extensive villous adenoma (C3) could be eradicated. Complications occurred in 5 patients. Recurrence was observed in 3 C2 patients who are still on maintenance laser therapy. Twenty-three patients were treated with another Nd-Yag laser (maximal power output: 45 W/sec). After a mean of 6.4 laser sessions, 85% of the C1 patients were healed, while eradication of villous tissues was obtained in 60% of C2 and C3 patients. No complications were noted. A recurrence was observed in three C1 patients with secondary healing after reinstitution of laser therapy in 2 cases. Moreover, two C3 patients also relapsed and laser eradication was again obtained in 1 patient. In conclusion, these results confirm the efficacy of laser therapy in small- and intermediate-sized villous adenomas of the rectum. The number of laser sessions required for eradicating a villous tumour was lower using a high-power Nd: Yag laser, but the risk of complications was increased.

Adenoma↗