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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Photosensitized degradation of Irgarol 1051 in water.

Irgarol 1051 (2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine) is a herbicide analogue that is added to antifouling agents used on ships. Our former study on its degradation in sunlight suggested that unknown photosensitizers in natural waters accelerated the photodegradation to the degradation product, M1. In this study, the photodegradation of Irgarol in water was investigated in the presence of some photosensitizers. Test water containing Irgarol or M1, with or without photosensitizers, was irradiated with light from a UV-A fluorescent lamp for 48h. The concentrations of Irgarol and M1 in the test water were determined by HPLC after solid-phase extraction. M1 was more stable than Irgarol when irradiated in the presence of photosensitizers such as acetone, benzophenone, tryptophan, and rose bengal. Hydrogen peroxide (HP) accelerated the photodegradation of Irgarol, and the product M1 was degraded in the presence of more than 100mgl(-1) HP after 10h. Natural humic substances (NHS) also accelerated the photodegradation of Irgarol, but in this case, the product M1 persisted even when Irgarol was completely degraded. Photosensitized degradation of Irgarol by NHS may result in the accumulation of M1 in aquatic environments.

Acetone↗
PubMed1992

Ophthalmological examinations of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome selected from a rheumatological practice.

Ophthalmological examination of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (n = 44) taken randomly from a rheumatological practice revealed that in this population group the eyes were frequently but not seriously involved (n = 42). Primary SS patients (n = 44) could not be separated from patients suspected of primary SS, in whom the diagnosis had been excluded (n = 21) on the basis of ocular examination, but they were clearly distinguishable from healthy controls (n = 26). The diagnostic value of the tests currently in use to establish the diagnosis keratoconjunctivitis sicca in primary SS such as Schirmer's, tear film break up time and rose bengal staining tests appeared to be limited. These results demonstrate the heterogeneity of the syndrome, the influence of patient selection on patient characteristics in different primary SS populations and the limited value of using the present classification criteria for the diagnosis primary SS in individual patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The prevalence of Sjögren's syndrome in Behçet's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The role of autoimmune mechanisms in Behçet's syndrome (BS) is debated. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) accompanies most autoimmune diseases. Thus we investigated the prevalence of SS in BS in a formal protocol. METHODS: The study was conducted in 2 phases. During the first phase subjective symptoms of dryness were blindly assessed by questionnaires and Schirmer I and Saxon tests were done in 67 patients with BS and 100 healthy and diseased controls. During the 2nd phase 30 patients with BS and 19 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had salivary gland biopsies along with rose bengal dye, Schirmer I and tear breakup time tests. RESULTS: During the first phase only patients with primary SS had significantly abnormal findings. However during the 2nd phase pathologic changes in salivary gland biopsies and positive RB tests were highly significantly more prevalent among patients with RA. CONCLUSION: SS is not a feature of BS.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Lacrymal gland biopsy and dry-eye syndrome (author's transl)].

The authors describe the "dry-eye syndrom" about 31 cases of lacrymal gland biopsy. There are several tests for diagnosis (Schirmer's and Rose Bengal's tests are more often used). The authors emphazised six types of histologic lesions. Moreover, some data are for them essentials: 1. the contrast between the functionnal signs and the anatomopathology; 2. the association keratoconjunctivitis sicca and rheumatism correspond with an important lesion of the lacrymal gland, in 80% of cases. The aspect is in favour of Gougerot's disease one time of two.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Prognostic determinants after hepatoportoenterostomy for biliary atresia.

Hepatic secretory functions were measured postoperatively in 17 infants undergoing hepatoportoenterostomy for biliary atresia. These studies were compared in surviving and nonsurviving infants to attempt early identification of infants who might require reoperation. Statistically significant differences between surviving and nonsurviving infants were found in alkaline phosphatase clearances at 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. In addition, bilirubin clearance and secreted 24 hour bilirubin measurements were significantly increased in survivors 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. Iodine-131 rose bengal excretion, measured 6 months postoperatively, was likewise significantly increased in survivors. Six of the 10 surviving infants required reoperation when their secretory functions deteriorated; all improved postoperatively. None of the seven nonsurviving infants underwent reoperation. Biliary secretory functions have early prognostic significance and apparently can predict which infants require reoperation. Reexploration and higher transection of atretic ducts may improve survival.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2001

Laser-induced noninvasive vascular injury models in mice generate platelet- and coagulation-dependent thrombi.

A minimally invasive laser-induced injury model is described to study thrombus development in mice in vivo. The protocol involves focusing the beam of an argon-ion laser through a compound microscope on the vasculature of a mouse ear that is sufficiently thin such that blood flow can be visualized by intravital microscopy. Two distinct injury models have been established. The first involves direct laser illumination with a short, high-intensity pulse. In this case, thrombus formation is inhibited by the GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, G4120. However, the anticoagulants, hirulog, PPACK, and NapC2 have minimal effect. This indicates that thrombus development induced by this model mainly involves platelet interactions. The second model involves low-intensity laser illumination of mice injected with Rose Bengal dye to induce photochemical injury in the region of laser illumination. Thrombi generated by this latter procedure have a slower development and are inhibited by both anticoagulant and anti-platelet compounds.

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones↗
PubMed1998

Alteration of mucin in human conjunctival epithelia in dry eye.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine whether alteration in mucins could be detected in patients with dry eye symptoms by using the monoclonal antibody H185, which recognizes carbohydrate epitopes on mucin molecules. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy was used to examine binding of H185 antibody to conjunctival cells obtained by nitrocellulose filter paper stripping (impression cytology). Two study populations were examined. Study I included 22 patients with dry eye symptoms and 13 normal volunteers. Study II included 16 aqueous-deficient dry eye patients and 14 age-matched control subjects. RESULTS: Results of the studies demonstrated significant differences in binding patterns of H185 to conjunctival cells in normal eyes compared with those of patients with dry eye symptoms. In normal eyes, the antibody bound to apical cells in a mosaic pattern, with cells exhibiting either light, medium, or intense binding. A predominant pattern in patients with dry eye symptoms was loss of the mosaic pattern with replacement by a "starry sky" pattern in which there was a lack of apical cell binding (hence, dark sky) but increased binding to goblet cells (hence, stars in the sky). The starry sky pattern correlated with rose bengal staining. CONCLUSIONS: From these studies it is concluded that there is an alteration either in mucin distribution or mucin glycosylation on the surfaces of apical conjunctival cells in dry eye and that glycosylation of goblet cell mucins changes with the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Interaction of chlorin p6 with bovine serum albumin and photodynamic oxidation of protein.

The binding of chlorin p6, a photosensitizer having basic tetrapyrrole structure, to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and oxidation of the protein following photodynamic treatment is studied. The Stern-Volmer plot indicates that binding of chlorin p6 to BSA was of single class. Binding parameters, binding association constant and number of binding sites, were found to be 1.62+/-0.27 x 10(5)M(-1) and 1.086+/-.019, respectively. Photodynamic oxidation of protein was studied by (i) loss of intrinsic fluorescence of protein, (ii) protein carbonyl formation, (iii) protein hydroperoxide (iv) formation of TCA soluble amino groups and (v) SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Intrinsic protein fluorescence was observed to decrease almost linearly as a function of irradiation time at a fixed concentration of chlorin p6 and with increasing concentration of chlorin p6 at fixed time of irradiation. Protein carbonyl and hydroperoxide formation was found to increase with increasing photodynamic treatment. No significant increase in 5% TCA soluble amino groups was observed. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) reveals that photodynamic treatment of BSA in presence of chlorin p6, rose bengal and riboflavin causes non-specific fragmentation of protein. Photodynamic carbonyl formation by chlorin p6 was not inhibited by sodium formate (100 mM) or mannitol (25 mM) but was significantly inhibited by sodium azide (2 mM). Protein carbonyl formation increased almost 90% when H2O was replaced by D2O. The results show that chlorin p6 induced photodynamic oxidation of BSA was mainly mediated by singlet oxygen.

Deuterium Oxide↗
PubMed1981

The effect of calfhood vaccination with strain 19 on the serological diagnosis and eradication of bovine brucellosis.

Data from 42,224 cattle from 694 herds collected during the brucellosis eradication campaign were used to examine the effects of calfhood strain 19 vaccination. The prevalence to infection in vaccinated herds was 1.8% compared with 9.1% in non-vaccinated herds (p less than 0.005). The mean titre in the former group was lower (p less than 0.001). Vaccinated herds required 3.3 herd tests to achieve a provisionally free status compared with 4.8 in non-vaccinated herds (0.001 less than p less than 0.005). Vaccination did not significantly reduce the number of herd test in herds with less than 100 breeding females. In tests after the initial herd test only 0.5% reactors were found in vaccinated herds compared with 6.9% in non-vaccinated herds (p less than 0.005). There were 0.9% false positive to the Rose Bengal plate test in non-vaccinated and 2.1% in vaccinated animals (p less than 0.005) in non-infected herds. In infected herds this percentage was 3.0% and 4.2% respectively by (p less than 0.05). In the non-infected herds there were 0.04% false positives to the complement fixation tests out of 10,506 non-vaccinated cattle tested and 0.2% out of 24,734 vaccinated cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Generation of active oxygen species by iron nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA).

Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe3+-NTA) solution showed maximum absorbance at pH 7.5. The iron was in ferric high-spin state and coordinated octahedrally with a relatively symmetric structure and also probably pentagonally. A spin trapping technique employing 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) yielded a DMPO spin adduct of unknown radical with three doublets (DMPO-Z) and a simple nitroxide radical (Y-NO.) in serum from rats injected intraperitoneally with Fe3+-NTA. When the Fe3+-NTA solution was diluted 500-fold with 50 mM NTA solution, DMPO-Z, Y-NO. and an additional signal, DMPO-OH were observed. The DMPO-Z signal was suppressed by a decrease in oxygen tension, alpha-tocopherol and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-anisole (BHA). The DMPO-OH signal was suppressed in the presence of ethanol and catalase. Fe2+-NTA solution hardly produced DMPO spin adducts. The Fe3+-NTA solution produced a strong DMPO-OH signal in the presence of H2O2. Rose Bengal solution, a singlet oxygen generating system, produced the same DMPO adducts. Fe3+-NTA reacted with oxygen in solution. The oxygen was activated and might be similar to singlet molecular oxygen. In the presence of H2O2, the Fe3+-NTA solution generated a hydroxyl radical. Fe3+-NTA itself generated free radicals, but Fe2+-NTA did not.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Mechanism of pigeon liver malic enzyme modification of histidyl residues by ethoxyformic anhydride.

Incubation of malic enzyme (L-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.40) with ethoxyformic anhydride caused the time-dependent loss of its ability to catalyze reactions requiring the nucleotide cofactor NADP+ or NADPH, such as the oxidative decarboxylase, the NADP+ - stimualted oxalacetate decarboxylase, the pyruvate reductase, and the pyruvate-medium proton exchange activities. Similar loss of oxidative decarboxylase and pyruvate reductase activities was affected by photo-oxidation in the presence of rose bengal. The inactivation of oxidative decarboxylase activity by ethoxyformic anhydride was accompanied by the reaction of greater than or equal to 2.3 histidyl residues per enzyme site and was strongly inhibited by NADP+. Ethoxyformylation also impaired the ability of malic enzyme to bind NADP+ or NADPH. These results support the involvement of histidyl residue(s) at the nucleotide binding site of malic enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis with standard serological tests in the diagnosis of ovine brucellosis].

Sera from 30 sheep experimentally infected and from 126 others with chronic brucellosis were comparatively studied by serum agglutination (SA), complement fixation (CF), rose bengal (RB), and counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) test. Standard serological tests, particularly SA and RB, essentially detect antibodies against cell-wall fractions of Brucella (LPS), whereas CIEP responds to intracellular antigens. Antibodies involved in this test appear late but remain a long time in the sera. CIEP is therefore recommended for screening of animals with chronic brucellosis in which SA and often CF and RB tests too negative.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

DNA damage by oxygen radicals and excited state species: a comparative study using enzymatic probes in vitro.

Repair enzyme-containing extracts from a variety of cell types are used to analyse and compare DNA damage induced by oxygen radicals and excited molecules. The differing potentials of these extracts for recognising DNA damage leads to characteristic DNA damage profiles after treatment with superoxide (xanthine/xanthine oxidase), gamma-rays, chemically generated singlet oxygen, photosensitizers (rose bengal, methylene blue), UV254 and a 1,2-dioxetane. Three different types of damage profiles are distinguished and assigned to the predominant action of hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen or to the photoexcitation of thymine residues. The method applied in this study allows the analysis of DNA damage and the identification or exclusion of the participation of different ultimate reactive species without chemical identification of the lesions.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1985

Patterns of lacrimal dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis.

The lacrimal function has been evaluated in 23 patients suffering from primary biliary cirrhosis by rose bengal test, the Schirmer test 1, and the tear breakup time. Ocular dryness was present in 78% of cases studied. No difference was found with respect to the length or severity of the hepatic involvement between patients with and without lacrimal dysfunction, but in patients with signs of hypolacrimation the changes in the lacrimal tests increased with the duration and histological progression of liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Improvement of corneal fluorescein staining in post cataract surgery of diabetic patients by an oral aldose reductase inhibitor, ONO-2235.

AIM: While the mechanism in the pathogenesis of diabetic corneal disease is unclear, aldose reductase has been implicated in corneal disease. The effects of an oral aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) on the ocular surface of diabetic patients after cataract surgery were studied. METHODS: This clinical trial was designed to be randomised, double blinded, and placebo controlled. Pseudophakic patients with diabetes were randomly assigned to treatment with either oral ARI (ONO-2235) (n=12) or placebo (n=9) for 12 weeks. The vital staining of the ocular surface, tear production and clearance, break up time in tears (BUT), corneal and conjunctival sensation, and symptom score before treatments were examined as well as 4, 8, 12 weeks after the administration. Specular microscopic evaluation was also performed. RESULTS: After a 12 week period of oral ARI administration, fluorescein staining scores (from 2.04 (SD 1.12) to 1.46 (1.18); p=0.016), conjunctival sensation (from 1.15 (0.37) to 1.36 (0.31); p=0.0006), and symptom scores (from 5.38 (1.932) to 4.00 (2.07); p=0.0002) recovered significantly. Fluorescein staining of oral ARI administration also decreased compared with placebo (p=0.017). Rose bengal staining, tear clearance, and corneal sensation were improved although this increase was minor. Tear production, BUT, and specular microscopic evaluation of the corneal epithelium and endothelium did not demonstrate a significant change. CONCLUSION: Oral ARI opposes the ocular surface changes caused by diabetes, by recovery of ocular surface sensitivity as demonstrated through an improvement in vital staining.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Punctal occlusion in the management of chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of lacrimal punctal occlusion in the management of the ocular surface disease in chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-one eyes of 18 patients with chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome seen at the Department of Ophthalmology of the Tokyo Dental College were studied. INTERVENTION: Patients' lacrimal puncta were occluded by cauterization or with punctal plugs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of lacrimal punctal occlusion was evaluated by changes in subjective symptoms, best-corrected visual acuity (VA), Schirmer test, tear clearance test, and ocular surface double vital staining before and after punctal occlusion. RESULTS: After lacrimal punctal occlusion, symptomatic improvement was observed in 19 eyes (61.3%). The mean logarithmic VA showed significant improvement from -0.64+/-0.87 to -0.52+/-0.86 (P<0.05). The Schirmer I test results before punctal occlusion yielded a mean score of 7.4+/-8.7 mm, which changed to 10.2+/-8.3 mm after punctal occlusion. The mean preocclusion and postocclusion tear clearance values were 7.5+/-6.6 times and 4.9+/-4.8 times, respectively. The Rose Bengal staining score decreased from 4.7+/-2.8 to 2.7+/-2.2 points (P<0.05), and the fluorescein staining score decreased from 5.0+/-2.3 to 2.2+/-2.5 points (P<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent improvements in subjective symptoms, vital staining scores, and VA point to the favorable effects of lacrimal punctal occlusion for the ocular surface health in chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanism of action and structural properties of an intracellular alpha-glucosidase from Thermoascus aurantiacus Miehe.

The intracellular alpha-glucosidase purified from the mycelium of Th. aurantiacus is an exceptionally stable protein which displays its maximum activity at 70 degrees C and pH 4.2 and is inhibited by 4 M urea, 0.5 M mercaptoethanol, 15 mM Cu++ and 0.04% rose bengal only after incubation at high temperature (60-70 degrees C). Carboxylic groups with pKa = 3.25 appear involved in the catalytic process together with a histidine residue (pKa = 5.7). Plots of Log V vs pH also show that the carboxylic groups dissociate in a cooperative way. A simple reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of competitive inhibition by delta-gluconolactone, which suggests the formation of a carbonium ion.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1986

Binding of ATP to nucleoside-diphosphate kinase: a kinetic study.

The binding of nucleotides to pig heart nucleoside-diphosphate kinase was studied using Rose Bengal as an optical probe. ATP, in the absence of Mg2+, binds slowly to the enzyme, with a second order rate constant of about 3000 M-1 . s-1, whereas in its presence the binding is much faster. This finding suggests the regulation of the nucleoside-diphosphate kinase activity by uncomplexed ATP, and that ATP binds normally to the enzyme via a metal ion bridge.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗