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PubMed2005

Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used in folk medicine of Pinarbasi (Kayseri, Turkey).

Several ethnomedicinal plant remedies used in Pinarbasi, Kayseri, in particular those which are used for the treatment of several peptic ulcer symptoms such as stomach ache, heartburn, etc. were selected for evaluation of their anti-ulcerogenic potential. In order to confirm the claimed activities, decoctions were prepared from aerial parts of Malva neglecta Wallr. (Malvaceae), leaves of Potentilla reptans L. (Rosaceae), fruits of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae), aerial parts of Sanguisorba minor Scop. ssp. muricata (Spach) Briq. (Rosaceae), aerial parts of Sideritis caesarea Duman, Aytac&Baser (Lamiaceae), and flowers of Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss var. cheiranthifolium (Scrophulariaceae) according to their described folkloric applications. Pharmacological experiments clearly demonstrated that the extracts of all plants given orally showed significant gastric protection against the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Furthermore, healing effects were also confirmed through histopathological examination.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

"Zahraa", a Unani multicomponent herbal tea widely consumed in Syria: components of drug mixtures and alleged medicinal properties.

In Unani system of medicine, drugs consist of complex formulae with more than three components, for which, literature analysing these mixtures as they are sold in the market is scarce. In this paper, the main botanical components of the herbal tea known as "Zahraa" in Damascus, which contains between 6 and 14 species components is elucidated: Alcea damascena (Mout.) Mout. (Malvaceae), Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit.) Britt. (Malvaceae), Astragalus cf. amalecitanus Boiss., Cercis siliquastrum L. subsp. hebecarpa (Bornm.) Yalt. and subsp. siliquastrum. (Leguminosae), Colutea cilicica Boiss. et Bal. in Boiss. (Leguminosae), Crataegus aronia (L.) Bosc. ex DC. (Rosaceae), Cytisopsis pseudocytisus (Boiss.) Fertig. (Leguminosae), Eleagnus angustifolia L. (Eleagnaceae), Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. (Equisetaceae), Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench. subsp. barrelieri (Ten.) Nyman. (Compositae), Matricaria recutita L. (Compositae), Mentha longifolia L. subsp. noeana (Boiss. ex. Briq.) Briq. (Labiatae), Mentha spicata L. subsp. condensata (Briq.) Greuter and Burdet (Labiatae), Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss. and Hohen. in Boiss. (Labiatae), Paronychia argentea Lam. (Caryophyllaceae), Phlomis syriaca Boiss. (Labiatae), Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae), Salvia fruticosa Mill. (Labiatae), Sambucus nigra L. (Caprifoliaceae), Spartium junceum L. (Leguminosae), Zea mays L. (Gramineae).

Beverages↗
PubMed2005

[Demodecidosis in a patient infected by HIV: successful treatment with ivermectin].

INTRODUCTION: Demodex is a saprophyte parasite in mammals. In Man, it is associated with differing clinical profiles (rosacea-like dermatitis, folliculitis and blepharitis). We report a case of demodecidosis in an HIV-infected patient that was successfully treated with ivermectin. CASE REPORT: A man from Laos, infected by HIV and treated for glandular tuberculosis, presented with a prurigenous eruption on the face and the pre-sternal and interscapular areas. Direct examination of scraped product and histopathological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of demodecidosis. Clinical cure was obtained after 2 single cures of ivermectin a one month's distance. DISCUSSION: The features of demodecidosis are often similar to those of rosacea. In immunodeficient patients, the semiology remains the same but the eruption is more abundant. During HIV-infection, demodecidosis occurs at the AIDS stage or with a CD4 count lower than 200/mm3. Many anti-dust mite molecules are used to treat the disease but frequently lead to irritation. Administration of a single cure of ivermectin, repeated if necessary, appears to be an interesting alternative to contact anti-dust mite agents.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[In vivo confocal microscopy and ocular surface diseases: anatomical-clinical correlations].

PURPOSE: To describe corneal and conjunctival epithelial changes in various ocular surface disorders with a new in vivo confocal microscope (Corneal HRT II module) and to compare these results with those obtained by immunohistology on impression cytology specimens. METHODS: In this study, we investigated 36 eyes of 18 patients with ocular surface diseases such as corneal epitheliopathy induced by ocular rosacea (five patients), keratoconjunctivitis sicca related to tear evaporative condition in Meibomian gland dysfunction (eight patients), or tear-deficient dry eye in Sjögren's syndrome (five patients). In vivo confocal microscopy imaging (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II Rostock Cornea Module) and impression cytology of the cornea and/or conjunctiva were performed. The images were analyzed for epithelial cell morphology at nuclear and cytoplasmic levels, in the cornea and the conjunctiva, number of goblet cells and their possible presence within the corneal epithelium, corneoconjunctival junction at the limbus, and density and presence of inflammatory cells within both epithelia. RESULTS: Images obtained consisted of two-dimensional 400x400 microm optical sections oriented parallel to the surface of the eye and compared with impression cytology. Conjunctival and corneal epithelia showed dramatic changes in ocular surface disease. In keratoconjunctivitis sicca, we found squamous metaplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell depletion, as well as a nuclear snake-like chromatin pattern. In rosacea associated with corneal epitheliopathy, a corneal conjunctivalization (goblet cells together with conjunctival epithelial cells within the corneal epithelium layer) was found. The images provided by this technique are in excellent correlation with the findings using impression cytology. CONCLUSION: The HRT II in vivo confocal microscope facilitates the study of both central and peripheral ocular surface epithelia compared to first-generation confocal microscopy devices. In vivo confocal microscopy, showing corneal and conjunctival epithelial structures in the live eye at the cellular level, is likely to open up a new promising way to investigate ocular surface involvement in complex diseases, providing a new insight on corneal and conjunctival disorders in the future.

Conjunctiva↗
PubMed2003

Seborrheic dermatitis.

Seborrheic dermatitis is present in 1% to 3% of immunocompetent adults, and is more prevalent in men than in women. Seborrheic dermatitis may be seen in conjunction with other skin diseases, such as rosacea, blepharitis or ocular rosacea, and acne vulgaris. Malassezia yeasts have been associated with seborrheic dermatitis. Abnormal or inflammatory immune system reactions to these yeasts may be related to development of seborrheic dermatitis. Treatment modalities for seborrheic dermatitis include keratolytic agents, corticosteroids, and more recently, antifungal agents. Antifungal agents do not carry a risk of skin atrophy or telangiectasia with prolonged use, and it is more prudent to consider antifungals than corticosteroid preparations. The wide range of antifungal formulations available (creams, shampoos, or oral) provides safe, effective, and flexible treatment options for seborrheic dermatitis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1999

Perioral dermatitis in children.

Perioral dermatitis is a unique skin disorder of childhood. Its exact origin is unknown; it is probably an idiosyncratic response to exogenous factors such as the use of a topical fluorinated corticosteroid or other substances on the face. It is uncommon but not rare. The age of affected children has ranged from 7 months to 13 years, with the median being in the prepubertal period. Boys and girls, blacks and whites are equally affected. Clinical features include the following: (1) absence of systemic symptoms; (2) periorificial distribution (perioral, perinasal, periorbital); (3) skin lesions that consist of flesh colored or erythematous inflammed papules, micronodules, and rare pustules; and (4) variable pruritus. Laboratory tests are negative. Histologically, it is indistinguishable from rosacea; there is a superficial perifollicular granuloma consisting of epitheliod cells, and lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, with occasional giant cells. The disease waxes and wanes for weeks and months. Treatment consists of discontinuing topical fluorinated corticosteroid use if any, and using topical metronidazole alone or in combination with either oral tetracycline or erythromycin depending on the child's age. A low-potency topical steroid may also be used to suppress the inflammation and to wean off the strong steroid. Perioral dermatitis in childhood is probably a juvenile form of rosacea.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Identification of the pollen determinant of S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility.

Many flowering plants have adopted self-incompatibility mechanisms to prevent inbreeding and promote out-crosses. In the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae, two separate genes at the highly polymorphic S-locus control self-incompatibility interactions: the S-RNase gene encodes the pistil determinant and the previously unidentified S-gene encodes the pollen determinant. S-RNases interact with pollen S-allele products to inhibit the growth of self-pollen tubes in the style. Pollen-expressed F-box genes showing allelic sequence polymorphism have recently been identified near to the S-RNase gene in members of the Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae; but until now have not been directly shown to encode the pollen determinant. Here we report the identification and characterization of PiSLF, an S-locus F-box gene of Petunia inflata (Solanaceae). We show that transformation of S1S1, S1S2 and S2S3 plants with the S2-allele of PiSLF causes breakdown of their pollen function in self-incompatibility. This breakdown of pollen function is consistent with 'competitive interaction', in which pollen carrying two different pollen S-alleles fails to function in self-incompatibility. We conclude that PiSLF encodes the pollen self-incompatibility determinant.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Allergy to plant-derived fresh foods in a birch- and ragweed-free area.

BACKGROUND: Allergy to plant-derived fresh foods has often been reported in geographical areas where birch or ragweed pollens are frequent and has been attributed to cross-reactivity to pollens. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study has been to evaluate allergy to plant-derived fresh foods among pollen-allergic patients from a birch and ragweed-free area. METHODS: Ninety-five pollen-allergic patients took part in the study. The study consisted of a questionnaire, skin prick tests and challenge tests. Pollen skin tests to five grasses, eight trees and seven weeds were performed in duplicate. Prick tests (prick by prick) and challenge tests were carried out with the fresh foods. RESULTS: Most patients allergic to pollens were sensitized to grass (Lolium and Phleum; 97.9%), followed by tree (Olea; 82.1%) and weed pollens (Plantago; 64.2%). 35 of the 95 pollen-allergic patients had positive skin test responses to some plant-derived fresh foods, the highest percentage corresponding to several fruits in the Rosaceae family (peach and pear, 26.3%), followed by Cucurbitacea fruits (melon, 13.7%). The 21. 05% of the pollen-allergic patients were allergic to some type of plant-derived fresh food. Peach was the plant-derived fresh food which most frequently elicited allergy symptoms (12.6%), followed by melon (7.36%). The cluster of positive responses to Rosaceae fruits was higher for skin testing than for challenge testing. CONCLUSION: Peach was the most important allergy provoking fruit in a birch and ragweed free-area where apples were consumed at a rate of two times more than peaches and the patients allergic to pollen were principally sensitized to grass pollens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Bacteriologic and immunologic aspects of gram-negative folliculitis: a study of 46 patients.

BACKGROUND: Gram-negative folliculitis is an infection with gram-negative rods that most often occurs as a complication of prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in patients suffering from acne and rosacea. METHODS: The bacteriologic and immunologic findings are reported in 46 patients, 39 men and 7 women, aged 16-79 (median, 28) years, with gram-negative folliculitis. Hypersensitivity reactions to various microbial recall antigens as well as granulocyte functions were evaluated. Quantitative measurements of serum levels of immunoglobulin M, G, A, and E, total complement activity, complement factors C3 and C4, and alpha-1-antitrypsin were performed. RESULTS: The gram-negative organisms most frequently cultivated from nares, facial skin, and pustules were Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., and Proteus spp. In all patients, deviations of one or more immune parameters were detected, including lowered serum concentrations of immunoglobulin M and alpha-1-antitrypsin, and elevated levels of immunoglobulin E. The humoral and cellular parameters were not influenced by isotretinoin therapy of gram-negative folliculitis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that gram-negative folliculitis is not only a complication of long-lasting antibiotic treatment of acne and rosacea, but might be an entity of its own. Immunologic factors may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of gram-negative folliculitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Evolutionary relationships among self-incompatibility RNases.

T2-type RNases are responsible for self-pollen recognition and rejection in three distantly related families of flowering plants-the Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Rosaceae. We used phylogenetic analyses of 67 T2-type RNases together with information on intron number and position to determine whether the use of RNases for self-incompatibility in these families is homologous or convergent. All methods of phylogenetic reconstruction as well as patterns of variation in intron structure find that all self-incompatibility RNases along with non-S genes from only two taxa form a monophyletic clade. Several lines of evidence suggest that the best interpretation of this pattern is homology of self-incompatibility RNases from the Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, and Rosaceae. Because the most recent common ancestor of these three families is the ancestor of approximately 75% of dicot families, our results indicate that RNase-based self-incompatibility was the ancestral state in the majority of dicots.

Endoribonucleases↗
PubMed2000

Intense pulsed light treatment for chronic facial erythema of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

BACKGROUND: A 33-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed previously with systemic lupus erythematosus, presented with chronic erythema and rosacea of the face. The patient suffered from flushing and burning of the facial skin and sought prior treatment with anti-malarial drugs. METHOD: After various treatment options were discussed with the patient, she agreed to undergo intense pulsed light therapy. RESULTS: Improvement was noted after the first session and 75% clearance was observed at 1 month after a second session. There were no adverse effects associated with the treatment. One year later it was observed that the results of the two treatments had been maintained. CONCLUSION: This case report suggests that there is another safe and efficacious alternative for treatment of chronic erythema and rosacea.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Identification of sorbitol transporters expressed in the phloem of apple source leaves.

Sorbitol is a major photosynthetic product and a major phloem-translocated component in Rosaceae (e.g. apple, pear, peach, and cherry). We isolated the three cDNAs, MdSOT3, MdSOT4, and MdSOT5 from apple (Malus domestica) source leaves, which are homologous to plant polyol transporters. Yeasts transformed with the MdSOTs took up sorbitol significantly. MdSOT3- and MdSOT5-dependent sorbitol uptake was strongly inhibited by xylitol and myo-inositol, but not or only weakly by mannitol and dulcitol. Apparent K(m) values of MdSOT3 and MdSOT5 for sorbitol were estimated to be 0.71 mM and 3.2 mM, respectively. The protonophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), strongly inhibited the sorbitol transport. MdSOT3 was expressed specifically in source leaves, whereas MdSOT4 and MdSOT5 were expressed in source leaves and also in some sink organs. MdSOT4 and MdSOT5 expressions were highest in flowers. Fruits showed no or only weak MdSOT expression. Although MdSOT4 and MdSOT5 were also expressed in immature leaves, MdSOT expressions increased with leaf maturation. In addition, in situ hybridization revealed that all MdSOTs were expressed to high levels in phloem of minor veins in source leaves. These results suggest that these MdSOTs are involved in sorbitol loading in Rosaceae.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

The phytoalexin-inducible multidrug efflux pump AcrAB contributes to virulence in the fire blight pathogen, Erwinia amylovora.

The enterobacterium Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight on members of the family Rosaceae, with economic importance on apple and pear. During pathogenesis, the bacterium is exposed to a variety of plant-borne antimicrobial compounds. In plants of Rosaceae, many constitutively synthesized isoflavonoids affecting microorganisms were identified. Bacterial multidrug efflux transporters which mediate resistance toward structurally unrelated compounds might confer tolerance to these phytoalexins. To prove this hypothesis, we cloned the acrAB locus from E. amylovora encoding a resistance nodulation division-type transport system. In Escherichia coli, AcrAB of E. amylovora conferred resistance to hydrophobic and amphiphilic toxins. An acrB-deficient E. amylovora mutant was impaired in virulence on apple rootstock MM 106. Furthermore, it was susceptible toward extracts of leaves of MM 106 as well as to the apple phytoalexins phloretin, naringenin, quercetin, and (+)-catechin. The expression of acrAB was determined using the promoterless reporter gene egfp. The acrAB operon was up-regulated in vitro by the addition of phloretin and naringenin. The promoter activity of acrR, encoding a regulatory protein involved in acrAB expression, was increased by naringenin. In planta, an induction of acrAB was proved by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our results strongly suggest that the AcrAB transport system plays an important role as a protein complex required for virulence of E. amylovora in resistance toward apple phytoalexins and that it is required for successful colonization of a host plant.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1994

Histopathological features of recalcitrant erythema of the face in adult patients with atopic dermatitis.

Recalcitrant erythema on the face of 21 adult patients with atopic dermatitis was histologically examined. All patients had been applying topical corticosteroids to the facial erythema for three years or more. The histopathology of the recalcitrant facial erythema was not homogeneous. Thus, the facial erythema was roughly classified into three categories: 1) erythema which mainly showed eczematous changes, 2) erythema which mainly showed steroid-induced rosacea-like changes, and 3) erythema which showed both eczematous changes and steroid-induced rosacea-like changes. The majority (75%) of recalcitrant facial erythema belonged to the third category.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Unusual histopathological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis identified by polymerase chain reaction specific for Leishmania on paraffin-embedded skin biopsies.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is rare in Northern Europe and may be overlooked because colleagues have little experience with it. OBJECTIVES: To identify manifestations of CL that may escape diagnosis. METHODS: Correlation of clinical diagnosis and histopathological findings in 28 biopsy specimens taken from 19 patients with CL confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for Leishmania. RESULTS: In only one patient was the clinical diagnosis CL; other diagnoses included: malignant epithelial neoplasms (5), follicular cyst (2), atypical mycobacteriosis (1), sarcoidosis (2) and lymphoma (1). Lesions were single (15) or few (4) nodules predominantly situated on the extremities or face (16). Histopathological findings were diagnostic of CL in only 10 cases. In nine cases Leishmania was not identified microscopically; histopathological diagnoses were: granulomatous dermatitis (6), lupoid rosacea (1), foreign body granuloma (1) and granuloma annulare (1). Unaltered epidermis (9), nodular infiltrates (5), numerous multinucleated histiocytes (3), palisaded granulomas with fibrinoid centres (2), sarcoidal granulomas (4) and elastophagocytosis (1) misled the histopathologists in these cases. CONCLUSIONS: CL seems often to be misdiagnosed clinically in countries where it is not endemic. Histopathologically, CL may be misinterpreted as sarcoidosis, foreign body granuloma, lupoid rosacea and granuloma annulare, especially when Leishmania is not seen microscopically. We suggest that in Northern Europe, PCR for Leishmania-specific DNA should be performed routinely in any granulomatous dermatitis presenting as a single or few nodules on the extremities or face, even when a diagnosis of CL was not considered by the referring clinician.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Genetic diversity of loquat germplasm (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb) Lindl) assessed by SSR markers.

Genetic relationships among 40 loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb) Lindl) accessions that originated from different countries and that are part of the germplasm collection of the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA) (Valencia, Spain) were evaluated using microsatellites. Thirty primer pairs flanking microsatellites previously identified in Malus x domestica (Borkh.) were assayed. Thirteen of them amplified polymorphic products and unambiguously distinguished 34 genotypes from the 40 accessions analyzed. Six accessions showing identical marker patterns were Spanish local varieties thought to have been derived from 'Algerie' by a mutational process very common in loquat species. A total of 39 alleles were detected in the population studied, with a mean value of 2.4 alleles per locus. The expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.46 and 51% on average, respectively, leading to a negative value of the Wright's fixation index (-0.20). The values of these parameters indicate a smaller degree of genetic diversity in the set of loquat accessions analyzed than in other members of the Rosaceae family. Unweighted pair-group method (UPGMA) cluster analysis, based on Nei's genetic distance, generally grouped genotypes according to their geographic origins and pedigrees. The high number of alleles and the high expected heterozygosity detected with SSR markers developed in Malus x domestica (Borkh.) make them a suitable tool for loquat cultivar identification, confirming microsatellite marker transportability among genera in the Rosaceae family.

Eriobotrya↗
PubMed2000

F.I.GU.R.E.: facial idiopathic granulomas with regressive evolution. is 'lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei' still an acceptable diagnosis in the third millennium?

We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who presented a papular eruption on the eyelids. Histological features revealed a tuberculoid granuloma with a central caseating necrosis. Laboratory and radiological investigations revealed no tuberculosis and no systemic granulomatosis. Absence of vascular symptoms, inefficiency of cyclines and histopathological findings excluded granulomatous-type rosacea. Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) was our final diagnosis. On the basis of our findings and a literature review, we believe that LMDF is an entity distinct from either skin tuberculosis or granulomatous-type rosacea. However, its name is confusing, and we propose to change it to 'facial idiopathic granulomas with regressive evolution (FIGURE)'.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Topical metronidazole does not abate UVB-induced erythema.

BACKGROUND: The capacity of topical metronidazole to reduce erythema severity scores in rosacea has been attributed to its anti-inflammatory activity. METHODS: Nine healthy subjects were irradiated on three 1-cm(2) areas on their volar forearm with 2 MEDs of UVB. Twenty-four hours later, one of the irradiated areas was treated daily with metronidazole 1% vanishing cream, one with the vehicle only and the third was left untreated (control). The intensity of erythema was measured, at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after irradiation, by a Chromameter CR200 (Minolta, Japan) and expressed in the L*a*b* system. The a* parameter was taken as the measure of redness. RESULTS: Overall, redness diminished over time in a linear way, but treatments did not influence it significantly. CONCLUSION: In our vehicle, metronidazole 1% cream failed to abate the UVB-induced erythema. An activity other than the anti-inflammatory one should be suggested to explain the topical metronidazole efficacy in rosacea.

Administration, Cutaneous↗