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Results for “RETINAL VESSELS”

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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Significance of leukocytes in the regulation of retinal edema, ischemia, and angiogenesis].

BACKGROUND: Involvement of leukocytes in three major pathologic conditions in the retina, i.e., edema, ischemia, and angiogenesis, has recently been thoroughly investigated. The accumulated evidence will lead to an integrated understanding of the relationship between leukocytes and retinal disorders, which is required for clinical applications of new medical treatment. METHOD: Leukocyte roles in the retinal vascular pathology were assessed by reviewing the related literature. RESULTS: Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-induced leukocyte adhesion to the retinal vessels was shown to result in blood-retinal barrier breakdown, and the leukocyte-mediated pathogenesis was also seen in a model of diabetic retinopathy. A possible mechanism by which retinal angiogenesis develops intraviteral proliferation instead of compensating the avascular retina is that VEGF-producing monocytes/macrophages infiltrate the vitreous with subsequent migration of retinal vascular endothelial cells. On the other hand, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated apoptosis of endothelial cells appears to cause the suppression of pathological retinal angiogenesis and the formation of ischemic retina secondary to vascular regression. CONCLUSION: Leukocytes are considered to regulate retinal edema, ischemia, and angiogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Scanning electron microscopy in retinal research.

The literature on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pertaining to the retina has been surveyed and described. The first two papers on SEM and retina appeared in 1969. Most of the earlier studies concentrated on descriptions [by SEM alone, or with light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)] of the appearance of various retinae and retinal cells [fish, newt, primates, rodents and rabbits, bullfrog]; or embryology of the chick retina. Two papers dealt with retinal disease. In all there were 25 papers in SEM/retinal research before and in 1974. Since 1975 there have been 111 papers which have used SEM in retinal research in very many different fields and in diverse ways, viz: the morphology of the retina, specific retinal cells, and the retinal vessels; embryology; labelling of retinal cells with surface markers; naturally occurring and experimentally-induced retinal disease; the effects of light, including lasers and photocoagulation, and other radiation on the retina, and phagocytosis and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). There have also been a number of papers concerned with techniques for SEM, applicable to retinal research, and several review articles. SEM has proven to be a very valuable adjunct to TEM in retinal research and it has become an accepted and almost routine way of extending and enhancing reports on retinal research. Properly used, SEM provides a laconic way of presenting information that might otherwise require many serial sections and long explanations.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Visualization of leukocyte dynamics in the choroid with indocyanine green.

PURPOSE: To report a method to evaluate leukocyte dynamics in the choroidal circulation with indocyanine green (ICG) angiography. METHODS: Nonpigmented and pigmented rats were administered ICG solution intravenously. The fundus image was obtained with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope and recorded on magnetic tapes at a video rate (30 frames/second). The images were analyzed with a personal computer-based image analysis system. RESULTS: On ICG angiography, hyperfluorescent dots were seen moving along the choroidal vessels and in the retinal vessels several minutes after injection. These fluorescent dots were thought to be circulating leukocytes stained with ICG. The micrographs of blood smears after ICG injection showed intense fluorescence of leukocytes. Computer-assisted image analysis allowed tracing of these fluorescent dots using a frame-by frame method. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study indicated that ICG can be used for vital staining of leukocytes and that it is possible to evaluate leukocyte movement in the choroidal circulation in vivo in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Four newborns with retinopathy similar to oxygen-induced retinopathy].

We report 4 fullterm newborns who developed retinopathy similar to oxygen-induced retinopathy after high concentration oxygen therapy for pneumothorax and emphysema. Two of them had a severe condition, showing marked dilatation, winding, and abnormal branching of the retinal vessels, especially veins, and retinal trubidity. Comparison between the 4 patients and controls without such retinopathy suggested that factors such as the oxygen concentration, the duration of oxygen therapy, the gradual reduction method, and the high level and changes in PaO2 were involved in the development of the retinopathy. Even in fullterm infants, treatment should be performed with consideration of the possible occurrence of changes in the eye fundus.

Female↗